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1 | Tadsjikistan: Økonomien bag narkohandlen i et fattigt land | |
2 | (Links i dette indlæg er på engelsk, medmindre andet er angivet) | Tajikistan: The Economics of the Drug Trade in a Poor Country |
3 | For at få gang i en debat i et samfund, hvor de lokale medier er under stram kontrol, kræver det nogle gange, at en historie bliver udgivet i et udenlandsk magasin. | It sometimes takes a story published in a foreign magazine to spark a discussion in a society where local media is tightly controlled. |
4 | I Tadsjikistan krævede det en artikel i The Economist at udløse en debat på nyhedshjemmesider om korruption blandt landets embedsmænd og deres involvering i narkohandel. | In Tajikistan, it took an article run by the The Economist to trigger a conversation on news websites about corruption among the country's officials and their involvement in drug trade. |
5 | Artiklen med titlen ‘Narkotika i Tadsjikistan: Afhængig' hævder at landets stabilitet afhænger af en uafbrudt strøm af narkotika gennem dets territorium. | The article, titled ‘Drugs in Tajikistan: Addicted' claims that stability in the country depends on an uninterrupted flow of narcotics through its territory. |
6 | Efter en 7 år lang borgerkrig i 1990'erne, er den lille centralasiatiske nation, der deler en porøs grænse med Afghanistan, blevet en vigtig transportvej for afghansk heroin der smugles til Rusland. | Following a seven-year civil war in the 1990s, the small Central Asian nation sharing a porous border with Afghanistan has become a major transit route for Afghan heroin smuggled to Russia. |
7 | Landet befinder sig, som følge heraf, ‘i midten af et multimillion-netværks smugling af heroin' og på trods af udbredt fattigdom er dets hovedstad overskyllet med “penge, byggeri og smarte biler”. | As a result, the country finds itself “at the heart of a multi-billion-dollar network smuggling heroin” and, rampant poverty notwithstanding, its capital is “awash with cash, construction and flash cars.” |
8 | Grænsetårn ved Tadsjikistans sydlige grænse til Afghanistan. | Border tower on Tajikistan's southern border with Afghanistan. |
9 | Billede af Alexander Sodiqov (2009) | Photo by Alexander Sodiqov (2009) |
10 | Ifølge The Economist ledes narkohandlen af embedsmænd, der formelt står i spidsen for bekæmpelsen af handlen. | According to The Economist, the drug trade is managed by officials who are formally in charge of combating the trafficking. |
11 | Disse embedsmænd opretholder den lokale sikkerhed. | These officials maintain local security. |
12 | Regeringen vender til gengæld det blinde øje til deres involvering i handlen med heroin. | In exchange, the government turns a blind eye to their involvement in heroin trade. |
13 | The Economist hævder, at ethvert forsøg på at anfægte denne ordning risikerer at frembringe vold i landet der oplevede en blodig borgerkrig i 1990'erne. | The Economist claims that any attempt to challenge this arrangement risks sparking violence in the country that experienced a bloody civil war in the 1990s. |
14 | Selvom artiklen blev udgivet d. 21. april 2012, blev dens indhold først tilgængeligt for mange indbyggere i Tadsjikistan, efter dele af den var blevet oversat og gengivet af udvalgte lokale medier i begyndelsen af maj. | Although the article was published on April 21, 2012, its content became available to many people in Tajikistan only after parts of it were translated and reproduced by select local media in early May. |
15 | Efter at Radio Ozodi havde opsummeret artiklen og udgivet den [tj] med kritik fra tadsjikiske embedsmænd og eksperter, vurderede en læser i kommentarsektionen at avisens påstande var ‘løgne' eller i hvert fald overdrivelser. | After Radio Ozodi summarized the article and published [tj] it with critique from Tajik officials and experts, one reader suggested in the comments section that the claims made by the magazine were a “lie” or at least an exaggeration. |
16 | Men andre læsere var uenige i denne vurdering: | But other readers disagreed with this assessment: |
17 | Inson: The Economist taler sandhed. | Inson: The Economist is telling the truth. |
18 | Hvor ser du løgnene? | Where do you see the lies? |
19 | Alt er korrekt. | Everything is correct. |
20 | Vi burde være ærlige over for os selv. | We should be honest to ourselves. |
21 | Mahmud: Avisen er nået ind til essensen af problemet. | Mahmud: The magazine has gotten to the essence of the issue. |
22 | Det meste af diskussionen på nyhedshjemmesiderne har fokuseret på korruption der muliggør heroinhandel. | Most of the discussion on news websites has focused on corruption that enables heroin trade. |
23 | Folk i Tadsjikistan lader til ikke at være i tvivl om oprindelsen af de overdådige biler og dyre lejligheder, ejet af offentligt ansatte, specielt højtstående embedsmænd i retshåndhævende myndigheder. | People in Tajikistan seem to have little doubt about the origin of lavish cars and expensive apartments owned by public servants, particularly senior officials in the law-enforcement agencies. |
24 | Luksus skiller sig ud i et land hvor næsten halvdelen af indbyggerne stadig lever under fattigdomsgrænsen. | Luxury stands out in the country where almost half of the population still lives below the poverty line. |
25 | Ravshan_1980 foreslår på TopTJ.com[ru]: | Ravshan_1980 on the TopTJ.com [ru] suggests: |
26 | Selvfølgelig er narkohandlen kontrolleret af mennesker med kontakter til staten. | Of course the narcotics trade is controlled by people connected to the state. |
27 | Landets ledere og de retshåndhævende myndigheders embedsmænd vender det blinde øje til. | The leadership of the country and law-enforcement agencies turn a blind eye to this. |
28 | Ingen spørger Ministeriet for Interne Anliggender [politiet], anklagemyndigheden og Agenturet for Narkotikabekæmpelse hvordan de har råd til dyre køretøjer og lejligheder på trods af lave lønninger. | Nobody asks officials at the Ministry of Internal Affairs [police], prosecutor's office, and Drug Control Agency how they are able to afford expensive vehicles and apartments despite small salaries. |
29 | En anden kommentator på Radio Ozodis hjemmeside har en lignende mening: | Another commenter, writing on the Radio Ozodi's website, has a similar opinion: |
30 | Den britiske avis har en ret god vurdering af situationen i Tadsjikistan. | The British journal has a very good assessment of the situation in Tajikistan. |
31 | Næsten 99 procent af de statslige embedsmænd i landet er korrupte. | Almost 99 percent of state officials in the country are corrupt. |
32 | Hvordan ville det ellers kunne lade sig gøre at at købe lejligheder og biler der koster mellem 50.000 og 100.000 amerikanske dollars [296.000 til 592.000 DKK] på en tadsjikisk statsløn? | Otherwise, how is it possible with a Tajik state salary to purchase apartments and cars that cost from 50,000 to 100,000 US dollars? |
33 | Ikke en eneste ansat ved anklagemyndigheden, retsvæsnet, politiet eller lignende myndighed ville på en statsløn alene, have råd til dette. | With a state salary alone, not a single employee at the prosecutor's office, court, police or a similar agency could afford this. |
34 | Alligevel har disse ansatte næsten alt hvad de ønsker sig. | Yet these employees have almost everything they wish. |
35 | Hvad angår det fattige folk; de har svært ved at skaffe det daglige brød. | As for the poor people, they find it difficult even to find their daily bread. |
36 | Kan korruption der muliggør narkotikahandel blive effektivt bekæmpet? | Can corruption that enables narcotics trade be fought effectively? |
37 | En læser mener at der er brug for mere kontrol: | One reader thinks more control is needed: |
38 | Jeg synes det burde være påkrævet af statslige embedsmænd at forelægge skatteangivelser og forklare hvorfra pengene til at købe biler og huse kommer. | I think state officials should be required to submit tax declarations and explain where they get the money to buy cars and houses. |
39 | En anden læser tror at narkotikahandel er næsten umulig at bekæmpe fordi de involverede korrupte embedsmænd har tætte forbindelser til regeringen. | Another reader believes that narcotics trafficking is almost impossible to fight because corrupt officials involved in the trade are closely tied to the government. |
40 | Mohira: Problemet er, at vores retshåndhævende myndigheder på alle planer beskytter narkotika-smuglerne og lever på disses bekostning. | Mohira: The real problem is that our law-enforcement agencies at all levels provide the protection for drugs smugglers and live at their expense. |
41 | Disse myndigheder fungerer som det etablerede styres fundament. | These agencies serve as the foundation of the incumbent regime. |
42 | At fjerne pengene som myndighederne tjener på narkohandlen, ville være at ødelægge styrets fundament. | Taking away the money that law-enforcement agencies make from drugs trade would mean destroying the very foundation of the regime. |
43 | Alt er forbundet. | Everything is interconnected. |
44 | En højt-rangerende, tadsjikisk embedsmand for narkotikabekæmpelse har for nyligt erkendt [ru] at “ikke en eneste narkotikahandels-gruppe kan, uden støtte fra ledende embedsmænd, operere” i landet. | A high-level Tajik anti-narcotics official has recently acknowledged [ru] that “not a single narcotics trafficking group can operate without support from senior public servants” in the country. |
45 | Myndighederne meddelte i februar 2012 om flere høj-profils anholdelser med anklager om korruption og narkotikahandel. | In February 2012, the authorities announced a number of high-profile arrests on corruption and narcotics-trafficking charges. |
46 | Men dette er endnu kun en lille indikation på at denne udvikling repræsenterer en seriøs og længerevarende indsats fra myndighedernes side. | Yet there is little indication that these developments represent a serious and long-term effort by the government. |
47 | I en rapport (pdf) udgivet i denne måned, skønner FN's agentur for narkotika og kriminalitet (UNODC) at der årligt passerer 75 til 80 ton afghansk-produceret heroin og 18 til 20 ton opium gennem Tadsjikistan. | In a report (pdf) released this month, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimates that 75 to 80 tons of Afghan-made heroin and 18 to 20 tons of opium pass through Tajikistan annually. |
48 | Det betyder at der dagligt indføres omkring 200 kg. heroin og 50 kg. opium i landet. | This means that about 200 kilograms of heroin and 50 kilograms of opium enter the country every day. |
49 | Kun en lille brøkdel af dette bliver beslaglagt. | Only a tiny fraction of this amount is seized. |
50 | Rapporten konstaterer også at mange ledende embedsmænd enten er direkte involveret i handlen eller modtager bestikkelse for at se den anden vej. | The report also notes that many senior officials are either directly involved in the trade or take bribes to look the other way. |
51 | Ifølge UNOCD gik mange af de 1,4 billioner dollars [8.298.656.800,00 DKK] tjent på centralasiens heroinhandel i 2010, til tadsjikiske smuglere. | According to the UNODC, much of the $1.4 billion made from heroin trade in Central Asia in 2010 went to Tajik traffickers. |
52 | Rapporten noterer: | The report notes: |
53 | Narkopengene giver næring til usædvanligt høje ejendomspriser i Dushanbe og i provinserne. | Drug money is fueling abnormally high property prices in Dushanbe and in the provinces. |
54 | Andre tegn på stor rigdom er synlig, herunder overdådige huse og køretøjer, der er udenfor midlerne til rådighed for de statsansatte der ejer dem. | Other signs of great wealth are visible, including lavish houses and vehicles that are well beyond the means of the public servants who own them. |