Sentence alignment for gv-eng-20130404-400058.xml (html) - gv-mlg-20130408-47513.xml (html)

#engmlg
1In Global Downturn, Sustainable Development Begins at HomeAo An-Tokantrano No Miainga Ny Fampandrosoana Maharitra Rehefa Midangana ny Vidim-Piainana
2Global Voices bloggers have been commissioned to liveblog the OECD Global Forum on Development in Paris on April 4-5, 2013.Notendrena hitatitra mivantana amin'ny bilaogy mandritra ny Forum Manerantany momba ny Fampandrosoana OCDE ao Paris ny 4 sy 5 Avrily 2013 ny bilaogeran'ny Global Voices.
3Leading up to the meeting, our team is submitting posts about development issues that help serve as weekly online discussion topics on their website (#OECDgfd)Ho fitarihana mialoha ny fihaonana, namoaka lahatsoratra momba ny fampandrosoana ny ekipanay hanaovana lohahevitra ho fikarajiana an-tserasera isan-kerinandro ao amin'ny Habakany (#OECDgfd)
4Preparing a new thatched roof in Mali.Fikarakarana mololo vaovao hanaovana tafo ao Mali.
5Photo by Jean-Marc Desfilhes on flickr (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)Saripikan'i Jean-Marc Desfilhes ao amin'ny flickr (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
6As Western economies struggle with rising debt and unemployment, their approach to development and cooperation with low-income countries and emerging markets has taken a twist.Raha sahirana amin'ny trosa sy ny tsy fisian'asa ny toekarena Tandrefana, tonga eo amin'ny kihon-dalana kosa ny fomba fijerin'izy izao momba ny fampandrosoana sy ny fiaraha-miasa amin'ny firenena kely fidiram-bola sy tsena mihamisandratra.
7It is becoming more clear that sustainable development should not be based on external wealth or redistribution, but must instead be generated at home.Lasa mihamazava kokoa fa ny fampandrosoana maharitra dia tsy tokony hiorina amin'ny harena na fitsinjaran-karena avy any ivelany, fa tsy maintsy vokatra avy ao an-trano.
8Foreign investment and remittances have long been identified as a crucial source of revenue for poor populations in countries like Mali or Cape Verde.Ny fampiasam-bola vahiny sy ny famindram-bola no fantatra fa fidiram-bolan'ny vahoaka mahantra tahaka an'i Mali sy Cape Verde.
9Entire villages have been built out of remittances in Mali, for instance, mainly from immigrants to France.Maro ny iray tanàna any ambanivohitra any, ohatra, no mivelona amin'ny fandefasam-bola ao Mali, izay saiky avy amin'ireo nifindra fonenanana nankany Frantsa ny ankamaroany.
10However, this does not mean that these countries are being helped to develop sustainably.Saingy tsy midika izany fa manampy azy ireo ho amin'ny fampandrosoana maharitra izany.
11For most African countries, the positive ability to attract capital is often negated by lenient fiscal policies towards foreign investors that strip countries of public revenues to build up their economies.Ho an'ny ankamaroan'ny firenena Afrikana maro, ny mety fahafaha-misintona renivola matetika dia voasakan'ny politikan-ketra manome vahana loatra ny mpampiasa vola ka manakana ireny firenena ireny hanangana ny toe-kareny.
12This trend seems was still on the rise worldwide in 2007 according to an OECD report “Tax Effects on Foreign Direct Investments”.Mbola nanerinerina izany fironanana izany manerantany tamin'ny 2007 araka ny tatitry ny OCDE “Fiantraikan'ny Hetra avy amin'ny Fampiasam-bolan'ny vahiny mivantana”.
13A report by Matthew Martin and Nils Bhinda from Development Finance International shows that in Tanzania, for instance, the influx of private capital from global mining companies increased the volume of gold and diamonds sales.Misy tatitra avy amin'i Matthew Martin sy Nils Bhinda ao amin'ny Fampandrosoana Toe-Bola Iraisampirenena mampiseho fa ao Tanzania, ohatra, nampiakatra ny hadirin'ny varotra volamena sy diamondra ny fidiran'ny renivolan'olo-tsotra avy amin'ny orinasa goavambe mpitrandraka harena an-kibon'ny tany.
14However, this failed to produce the expected social benefits, such as increased government revenues or public investment in social infrastructure.Saingy, tsy namoaka ny tombontsoa ara-tsosialy nantenaina izany, tahaka ny fiakaran'ny fidiram-bolan'ny governemanta na ny fampiasam-bolan'ny fanjakana eo amin'ny foto-drafitrasa ara-tsosialy.
15In fact, various tax exemptions and fiscal incentives ended up costing Tanzania $140 million USD from 2005-2008.Ny marina, misanda hatramin'ny 140 tapitrisa dolara Amerikana ny totalin'ny fanesoran-ketra sy ny fandrisihana ara-ketra nataon'i Tanzania teo anelanelan'ny 2005-2008
16Remittances: Money at what cost?Famindram-bola: Ohatrinona ny Vidiny?
17A growing number of poor households worldwide are subsisting on remittances, according to the World Bank.Mihabetsaka fianakaviana manerana izao tontolo izao no velombelon'ny vola alefan'ny havany avy any andafy, araka ny nolazain'ny Banky Mondialy.
18Still the question remains: can these seemingly successful flows of migrants and money secure sustainable development and reduce poverty in the most affected countries?Fa mbola mitoetra ny fanontaniana: afa-miantoka fampandrosoana maharitra sy mampihena ny fahantrany any amin'ireo firenena tena betsaka azy ve ny fahamaroan'ny mpifindra monina sy ny vola (alefa ho an'ny fianakaviana mijanona any an-tanindrazana)?
19Remittances from abroad to Mali amounted %3.7 of the countries GDP for the year 2005-2006, and according to some estimates remittances significantly decreased the number of poor in Mali and also reduced inequality.Nahatratra 3,7 isanjaton'ny Harin-karena Faoben'i Mali nandritra ny taona 2005-2006 ny vola nalefan'ny havany ho an'ny ao an-tanindrazana, ary araka ny fanombatombanana sasany dia nampihena tokoa ny isan'ny mahantra sy mampijotso ny tsy fifandanjan'ny fidiram-bolan'ny olona amin'ny ankapobeny ihany koa ny vola alefan'ny havany.
20Cape Verde is another nation that has seemingly benefited from emigration as the country with the highest per capita remittances of any African country.I Cape Verde ny firenena iray hafa izay mahazo tombontsoa amin'ny fifindramonin'ny olona tao aminy fa io firenena io no avo indrindra ny tahan'ny vola azon'ny tsirairay avy amin'ny famindram-bolan'ny nifindra monina eto Afrika.
21With remittances amounting to 8% of the country's GDP, it has even overcome the challenge of establishing banking institutions for the poor on its many islands thanks to financial capital from migrants in Portugal, Brazil and the USA.Mahatratra ny 8% -n'ny Harinkarena Faobe ny vola avy amin'ny mpifindra monina nankany Portiogaly, Brezila ary Etazonia ka nahavitana nanangana karazana banky ho fanampiana ny mahantra any amin'ireo vondronosiny.
22Because of such statistics, many international development institutions have attempted to design development policies based on remittance flows, by trying to convert this “subsistence” money into capital for infrastructure.Noho izany antontanisa izany, maro ireo sampan-draharaha iraisampirenena no mandrafitra ny politikam-pampandrosoana miorina amin'ny fahabetsahan'ny famindram-bola (fa tsy fampindramam-bola io an!) , amin'ny alalan'ny famadihana io vola “ivelombelomana” io ho renivola hananganana fotodrafitrasa.
23There are some caveats to consider though.Fa tsy maintsy misy ny fampitandremana aorina.
24Despite the growth of remittance flows, one should keep in mind that the very concept of remittances originates from a major outcome of global poverty: economic migration.Na dia misonga aza ny vola nafindra, tokony ho ao an-dohan'ny tsirairay fa ny niaingan'ny famindram-bola dia vokatry ny fahantrana ankapobeny: fifindra-monina ara-toekarena.
25Those who choose to leave their country are often exposed to risks and dangers during the transition (illegal border transfer, human traffickers, social and cultural isolation).Tsy maintsy miatrika loza maro samihafa (fiampitana tsy ara-dalàna ny sisintany, mpanao trafikan'olombelona, fitokanana ara-tsosialy sy ara-kolontsaina) ireo nisafidy ny handao ny tanindrazany matetika mandritra ny dian'izy ireo.
26Moreover, remittances from migrants are highly dependent on the economic growth of the host countries.Ankoatra izany, miankina be dia be amin'ny fitomboan'ny toe-karen'ny firenena ivahinianan'izy ireo ny vola alefa any amin'ny havany.
27When unemployment in host countries rises, it frequently affects the type of labor available to most immigrants, putting both them and families back home at further risk of precariousness.Rehefa miakatra ny tsy fananan'asa any amin'ny firenena ivahiniana, matetika izany no miantraika amin'ny karazan'asa zakan'ny ankamaroan'ny mpifindra-monina, izay mahatonga na izy ireo na ny fianakaviany mijanona any an-tanindrazana ho mora tratran'ny tsy fisiana.
28Finally, the peer-to-peer nature of remittances is both a blessing and a curse.Farany, sady ozona no fitahiana ny endriky ny famindram-bola ho avy amin'olona iray mankamin'ny olona iray hafa.
29As Hein de Haas writes in an article for Third World Quarterly in 2005:Hoy i Hein de Haas nanoratra tao amin'ny lahatsoratra iray ho an'ny Third World Quarterly tamin'ny 2005:
30The much-celebrated micro-level at which remittances are transferred is not only their strength, but also their main weakness, since this also implies that individual migrants are generally not able to remove general development constraints.
31The much-celebrated micro-level at which remittances are transferred is not only their strength, but also their main weakness, since this also implies that individual migrants are generally not able to remove general development constraints.Tsy ny lafitsarany ihany no misy amin'ity vola afindra eo amin'ny sehatra bitika mahasahana ny tsirairay ity, fa misy ihany koa ny lafiratsiny, rehefa tsy afa-manisaka ny sakantsakana amin'ny fampandrosoana ankapobeny ny mpifindram-monina tsirairay.
32Because of the lack of incentives for locally-produced added value, it appears that remittances based on value created abroad can never be the sole base of a sustainable development strategy for low income countries.Noho ny tsy fisian'ny fandrisihana ho amin'ny fanomezan-danja ny vokatra ao an-toerana, hita fa tsy azo atao na oviana na oviana ho paikady tokana fanorenana ny fampandrosoana maharitra ho an'ny firenena kely fidiram-bola ny famindram-bola izay sanda avy amin'ny vokatra any ivelany.
33Good measures for sustainable developmentFepetra Tsara Hisian'ny Fampandrosoana Maharitra
34There are some measures that can be implemented to support foreign direct investment and remittances towards a more sustainable world.Misy ny fepetra sasantsasany azo raisina hanohanana ny fampiasambola mivantana avy amin'ny vahiny sy ny famindram-bola hampateza kokoa ny tany.
35First, transparency and accountability.Voalohany, fangaraharana sy fandraisana andraikitra.
36With respect to foreign investments, governments should offer proper projections of the benefits for public finance, or projects should not be allowed to take place.Ho fanajana ny fampiasambolan'ny vahiny, tsy maintsy manome ny vinavinan'ny tombombarotra ho an'ny Volam-panjakana ny governemanta, fa raha tsy izany dia tsy tokony omena alalana hiorina ny tetikasa.
37Financial policies should encourage a permanent check and balance system for both private and public flows with an obligation of transparency for the source of the revenues and their further use.Tokony handrisika hatrany ny fanaraha-maso sy ny fametrahana rafi-pifandanjan'ny fivezivezen'ny vola na ho an'ny fanjakana na ho an'ny tsy miankina ny politika ara-bola ary tsy maintsy mametraka mangarahara amin'ny loharanom-bolany sy ny hampiasana azy.
38Transparency, in the form of regular and mandatory publications to civil society should be mandatory.Tokony tsy maintsy atao ny fangaraharana, amin'ny endrika famoahana (tatitra) amin'ny fiaraha-monim-pirenena isam-potoana raikitra.
39Low income countries often resort to the setting up Industrial Free Zones (IZF) to spur industrialization and create jobs in strategic locations with mineral resources.Mihazakazaka ho amin'ny fananganana Faritra Indostrialy Afa-kaba (IZF) matetika ny firenena kely fidiram-bola handrisihana ny fananganana orinasa sy hanomezana asa any amin'ny toerana stratejika ahitana harena an-kibon'ny tany.
40The creation of these zones have often led to economic and social instability through a constant race to lower costs, geographical mobility and low-quality production.Miteraka fikorontanana ara-toekarena sy ara-tsosialy matetika ny fananganana ireny faritra (afa-kaba) ireny noho ny fidinan'ny vidin-javatra mandrakariva, ny fivezivezena ara-jeografika ary ny haratsian'ny kalitao vokarina.
41Therefore if a government chooses to implement an IZF, it should also plan for a rapid conversion of labor and production capacity to evolve with markets.Koa raha misafidy ny hanangana Faritra Indostrialy Afa-Kaba ny governemanta, dia tokony handrafitra ny [fampiofanana] haingana ny mpiasa sy ny fahafaha-mamokatra mba ahafahany mivoatra mifanaraka amin'ny tsena[m-barotra].
42This concept is all the more important because so far there has been no concerted effort to integrate local products of low income countries and services in global trade.Tena zava-dehibe indrindra io poitran-kevitra io satria hatramin'izao tsy misy ny fiaraha-miezaka hanao izay hampidirana ny tolotra sy ny vokatra anatin'ny firenena kely fidiram-bola ho ao amin'ny tsena iraisampirenena.
43Inter-regional trade should remain the main goal because it provides geographical proximity and reduces vulnerability to the whims of highly mobile multinational companies.Tokony ny tsena isan-drenimparitra no tanjona voalohany satria ao no misy ny fifanakaikezana kokoa ary mba mihena ny harefo manoloana ny sitrapon'ny orinasa maro rantsana [orita] mihetsiketsika fatratra (mifindrafindra haingana).
44With respect to migration and remittances, a drawback of global inequality is the tendency of qualified students from low income countries to remain in richer countries to pursue careers, a phenomenon also known as the “brain drain“.Eo amin'ny resaka fifindra-monina sy ny famindrana vola kosa indray, ny hantsana lalina manjaka manerantany no manosika ny mpianatra mahay avy any amin'ny firenena kely fidiram-bola hijanona any amin'ny firenena manankarena kokoa hanohizany ny fianarany na ny asany, toe-javatra fantatra amin'ny hoe “fuite des cerveaux”[fr] na fandosiran'ny manampahaizana.
45As the recession takes its toll on employment in Western countries, a “reverse brain drain” effect has emerged for Nigeria, Ghana, Morocco and other countries where there are competitive salaries and working conditions.Koa efa mihamiakatra moa ny tsy fisian'asa any amin'ny firenena tandrefana, nisy “fivadiham-pandosiran'ny manampahaizana” nisongadina indray tany Nigeria, Ghana, Maraoka ary firenen-kafa afa-mifaninana tsara eo amin'ny lafiny karama sy ny hatsaran'ny toera-piasana.
46It would make sense for policymakers worldwide to start to embrace a simple idiom to ensure sustainable development: the creation of wealth through added value and redistribution must start at home.Mba mety hisy dikany ho an'ny mpandray fanapahan-kevitra politika manerantany raha manomboka amin'ny hevitra tsotra mba iantohana ny faharetan'ny fampandrosoana: tsy maintsy manomboka ao an-trano ny famoronan-karena avy amin'ny amboniampanga sy ny fitsinjarana izany.
47Policies based on short term incentives, social inequities or external wealth injection might spur growth temporarily, but it is doubtful that they will sustain poverty reduction in the long run.Mety hamaha olana vetivety eo amin'ny fitomboan-karena ny politika miorina amin'ny vola nalefan'ny fianakaviana avy any ivelany, na ny fitsinjaran-karena fa mampisalasala kosa raha hanana fahatezana eo amin'ny sehatry ny fampihenana ny fahantrana izany.