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1 | Guatemala: Maximón and Other Holy Week Traditions | Goatemalà: Maximón sy ny fombafomban'ny herinandro masina (paska) hafa |
2 | This post is part of our special coverage Indigenous Rights. | |
3 | When a very religious culture becomes dominated by yet another deeply religious people, often the religion of the conqueror is imposed on the conquered. | Rehefa ny kolontsainam-pivavahana madiorano iray no voabahan'ny fombam-pivavahana lalina dia lalina an'olona, matetika loatra ny fivavahan'ny mpandresy no terena harahin'ny resy. |
4 | However, cultures have always found ways to offer resistance; in Guatemala somehow the Catholic religion has been “hacked” to incorporate indigenous peoples' gods, goddesses, rites and ceremonies while integrating elements of Catholicism. | Saingy, mahita fomba hipongarana hatrany ny kolontsaina efa nitoetra an'arivony taona; Nisy ny nahafahany “nisovoka” tao amin'ny fivavahana Katolika hampidirany ny andriamaniny, ny andriamanimbaviny, ny fombany ary ny fotoam-pivavahany ho anatin'ny singan'ny Katolisisma. Sary ambany dina Creative Commons attribution license an-i Gustavo Jerónimo. |
5 | Maximón is the best example of such transmutation, as explained by the photoblog Mi Mundo: | Maximon no ohatra tsara indrindra amin'izany fiovan'endrika sy vatana izany, araka ny fanazavana ao amin'ny bolongantsary Mi Mundo: |
6 | Aq'ab'al Audelino Sajvín explains: “In oral tradition, Maximón represents Kaji' Imox, the last ruler of the Maya Kaqchikel people [during the Spanish conquest], who was tied, tortured and murdered. | Manazava i Aq'ab'al Audelino Sajvín : “Amin'ny lovantsofina, Maximón no maneho an'i Kaji' Imox, ny nanjaka farany tamin'ny vahoaka Maya Kaqchikel [nandritra ny fananiham-bohitra Espaniola], izay nofatorana, nampijaliana ary novonoina. |
7 | This entire episode is known as Xkiyüt Xkixïm/Ximon, which is surely why they call him Maximón: ma refers to a male person in the Maya Kaqchikel language, and ximón means he who is tied up.” | Io tantara io moa dia fantatra amin'ny anarana hoe Xkiyüt Xkixïm/Ximon, ka avy amin'izay indrindra no iantsoan'izy ireo azy hoe Maximón: ma dia manondro lehilahy amin'ny fiteny Maya Kaqchikel, ary ny ximón dia midika hoe ilay nafatotra.” |
8 | According to Aq'ab'al Audelino Sajvín the syncretism between Maximón and Saint Simon began when “the Christian [conquistadores] realized they could not eradicate the image of the great protector of the people. | Araka ny nolazain'i Aq'ab'al Audelino Sajvín dia nanomboka ny fifangaroam-pivavahana teo amin'i Maximón sy Masindahy Simona rehefa “ hitan'ny Kristiana [conquistadores] fa tsy afa-manongotra ny sarin'ny mpiaro ankamamian'ny vahoaka ry zareo. |
9 | Hence, they began to promote the idea of Maximón as being the same as Saint Simon, often related with Saint Jude, a treacherous figure.” | Hatreo dia naparitaky ry zareo fa mitovy amin'i Masindahy Simona ny Maximón, ary ataon-dry zareo misy ifandraisany matetika amin'i Masindahy Joda, endrika fitaka.” |
10 | Picture under a Creative Commons attribution license by Gustavo Jerónimo. The different and very special elements of religion in Guatemala make the Holy Week (in Spanish, ‘Semana Santa') quite a unique experience, including characters like the “Cucuruchos“, communities gathering to create holy week carpets made of flowers, and devoted men and women carrying on their shoulders colonial images of Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary while wearing traditional outfits under the sun, in spite of the hot summer. | Singa ara-pivavahana isan-karazany any Goatemalà no mametraka ny Herinandron'ny Paska (herinandro masina amin'ny teny espaniola na ‘Semana Santa') ho maningana, tahaka ny “Cucuruchos“, fivorian'ny fiaraha-monina handrary ny Karipetran'ny herinandro masina vita amin'ny voninkazo, ary dia entin'ny mpivavaka na lahy na vavy eny an-tsorony ny sarim-panjanahatanin'i Jesoa Kristy sy Maria Virijiny ary hanaovany ihany koa ny akanjo nentim-paharazana na dia mafana noho ny toetr'andro fahavaratra aza ny andro. |
11 | Holy Week is a family celebration where everyone is invited to participate, as the photo blog AntiguaDailyPhoto.com describes: | Fetim-pianakaviana moa ny herinandro masina izay hanasana ny rehetra handray anjara, araka ny hanazavan'ny bolongan-tsary AntiguaDailyPhoto.com azy: |
12 | As I've mentioned before, the making of carpets from sawdust, pine-needles, flowers, vegetables is a community-forming tradition. | Araka izay efa nomarihako teo aloha, ny fandrariana karipetra avy amin'ny potikazo, singam-boa-na “pin”, voninkazo, anana isan-karazany dia fombam-piarahamonina. |
13 | People get together by block or near-by neighbors to create the carpets on which the processions will pass by. | Mifamory ny mpifanolo-bodi-rindrina na ny mpifanakaiky trano handrary karipetra izay hohitsahin'ny mpilahatra araka ny fombam-pivavahana. |
14 | Sometimes the making of the carpets is done at night, all night so they are ready for next day's procession. | Indraindray moa dia vitaina mandritra ny alina ny fandrariana karipetra, mandritra ny alina manontolo hahavonona azy ny andro manaraka fanaovana ny filaharana. |
15 | The colorful processional carpet elaboration process involves the whole family, close friends, the neighborhood and the entire community. | Tafiditra amin'ny fanomezan-doko ny karipetra avokoa ny ankohonana iray manontolo, ny namana akaiky, ny mpifanolo-bodi-rindrina ary ny fokonolona iray manontolo. |
16 | It does not matter if it's just grandma throwing some corozo (corozo palms) and dried purple flowers to elaborate a humble alfombra in front of her home or it is a team of members of the cuadra (the block), or if a son lends a hand to a dad to put the final touches on the brightly-colored sawdust carpet, the devotion and the do-good spirit are present everywhere you look. | Tsy olana i nenibe raha mitoraka ravina corozo (voanio?) kely sy voninkazo maina dorehitra hananganana alfombra kely eo anoloan'ny tranony na ny mpiray vodirindrina no manao izany, na manampy ny rainy ny zanany lahy hamita faramparany ilay karipetra vita amin'ny vovokazo voaravaky ny loko, miatrika amin'izay jerena rehetra ny fahazotoam-bavaka sy ny fanahin'ny fanaovana ny tsara. |
17 | Holy week carpet making. Image by Rudy Girón www. | Fanamboaran-karipetran-ny Herinandro Masina, saripika Rudy Girón www. |
18 | Antiguadailyphoto.com (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) | Antiguadailyphoto.com (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) |
19 | Antologia del Desengaño [es] explains how Holy Week is celebrated in a very different way in Santiago Atitlán: | Antologia del Desengaño [es] indray manazava ny fomba hafa tanteraka fankalazana ny Herinandro any Santiago Atitlán: |
20 | In Santiago Atitlán, during Good Friday afternoon, people celebrate the representation of Jesus Christ's death, but unlike the non indigenous World, it lacks the ominous character. | Any Santiago Atitlán, mandritra ny folakandron'ny Zoma Masina, manandratra ny marika ahafantarana ny fahafatesan'i Jesoa Kristy ny olona, fa tsy tahaka izay any amin'ny tontolo tsy teratany dia tsy ahitana zava-mampatahotra ao. |
21 | Inside the church there is a crowd participating in the procession with trombones and “chirimias“, there is no sorrow, only respect for the ceremony, and the faces and attitudes of people attending do not denote suffering or sadness. | Ao am-piangonana dia mandray anjara amin'ny filaharana miaraka amin'ny mozika trombones sy “chirimias” ny olona, tsy misy alahelo ao, fa fanajana ny fotoam-pivavahana ihany, ary tsy mahazo ahitana endrika fahoriana na alahelo misoritra eny amin'ny mpanatrika. |
22 | Holy Week in Guatemala is rich with colors, scents and devotion. | Manankarena loko, emboka ary fivavahana ny Herinandro Masina any Goatemalà. |
23 | It is a cultural, spiritual and gastronomic experience for locals and visitors in this diverse country with more than twenty four languages and different indigenous groups. | Traikefa ara-kolontsaina, ara-panahy ary ara-tsakafo ho an'ny mponina sy ny vahiny ao amin'ity firenena manana fiteny mihoatra ny 24 sy vondrona teratany [vazimba] ity ireny. |
24 | The best of different worlds come together to enjoy and find beauty in mixing, rather than imposing, their culture. | Miara-dalana ny tsara indrindra avy amin'ny tontolo samihafa hiara-hahita sy hianoka ny hatsara-tarehy amin'ny fifangaroana, fa tsy amin'ny alalan'ny fanerena ny hafa hanaraka ny kolontsainy. |