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1 | Russians & Cigarettes: A Hard Goodbye | Rosiana Sy Ny Sigara : Mafy Ny Fisarahana |
2 | Russia is one of the heaviest smoking countries in the world. | Isan'ny firenena iray be mpifoka sigara indrindra eto amin'izao tontolo izao Rosia. |
3 | While 39 percent of Russians smoke, the figure rises to 60 percent among Russian men (for comparison, the figure is about 21 percent for both sexes in the UK). | Raha 39 isan-jaton'ny Rosiana no mifoka, dia lehilahy ny 60 isan-jato (ho fampitahàna, manakaiky ny 21 isan-jato ho an'ny lahy sy vavy io isa io any Angletera. |
4 | Russian attitudes and laws on smoking have been incredibly lax when compared to the rest of Europe. | Malemy kokoa ny lalàna mifehy ny Rosiana amin'ny fifohana sigara raha oharina amin'ireo firenena any Eorôpa. |
5 | Russians have been free to feed their nicotine addictions not only in bars, restaurants and cafes, but in schools, hospitals, many forms of public transport, government buildings and apartment complexes. | Malalaka amin'ny famatsiana ireo miankin-doha amin'ny nikôtina ny Rosiana, tsy any amin'ny toeram-pisotroana toaka ihany, na ny trano fisakafoanana sy fialàna hetaheta ihany, fa hatrany amin'ny sekoly, ny tobim-pitsaboana, ireo fitateram-bahoaka isan-karazany, ny biraom-panjakana ary ny trano fonenana itambaram-be. |
6 | Adverts for cigarettes decorate the nation's street corners and metro systems, and fill the pages of Russian publications. | Mandravaka ireo kihon-dalana eraky ny firenena sy any amin'ny “metro” ary mameno ny pejin'ireo fanontàna Rosiana ny dokam-barotra momba ny sigara. |
7 | Taxes on cigarettes are negligible and a pack of Marlboro can be purchased for less than two dollars, with domestic brands available for half that. | Kely dia kely ny hetra alaina amin'ny sigara ary latsaky ny roa dolara dia efa mahazo ny fonosana Marlboro iray, antsasak'izany aza ny vidin'ireo vokatra vita ao an-toerana.. |
8 | Russians' smoking habits know few boundaries. | Zara raha misy fameperana ny fahazarana mifokan'ny Rosiana.” |
9 | “Bad Habit,” Volgograd, Russia, 22 November 2009, photo by Mohd Hafizuddin Husin, CC 2.0. | Fahazaran-dratsy,” Volgograd, Rosia, 22 Novambra 2009, sary avy amin'i Mohd Hafizuddin Husin, CC 2.0. |
10 | The Russian government aims to change this and, on Saturday, June 1, 2013, it instituted a new law “On the Protection of the Health of Citizens from the Effects of Passive Tabacco Smoke and the Consequences of Tabacco Consumption” [ru], banning smoking in government buildings, educational facilities, healthcare facilities, the lifts and corridors of apartment complexes, train stations, and inside most trains. | Tamin'ny Sabotsy 1 Jona teo dia namoaka lalàna vaovao ” momba ny fiarovana ny fahasalamam-bahoaka amin'ny fisokon'ny setroka sy ny fifohana sigara ” ny governemanta Rosiana mba hanovàna izany fomba izany sy ho famerana ny fifohana eny amin'ny biraom-panjakana, ny trano fampianarana, ny toeram-pitsaboana, ny ‘ascenseur' (fanaka-drihana), ny lalantsara amin'ny trano fonenana itambarana, ny toeram-piantsonan'ny fiarandalamby sy any anaty fiarandalamby. |
11 | The law also mandates tough restrictions on tobacco advertising, increases taxes on the smoking industry, raises penalties for sales to minors, and paves the way to a phased introduction of similar bans in shops, cafes, bars, and restaurants. | Hentitra ihany koa ny lalàna momba ny dokam-barotra amin'ny sigara, nakarina ny hetra ho an'ireo orinasa mpanao sigara, nasondrotra ny sazy amin'ny fivarotana izany amin'ny ankizy tsy ampy taona, ary manamora tsikelikely ihany koa ny fampidirana ny fandraràna tahaka ny voalaza teo aloha any amin'ireo trano fivarotana, ny toeram-pialàna hetaheta, ny toeram-pisotroana toaka ary ny toeram-pisakafoanana. |
12 | Back in October 2012, Prime Minister Dmitri Medvedev himself used his blog to disseminate a video (see below) explaining the government's reasons for introducing such a law, noting that Russia's smoking rate was abnormally high (comparable only to China's) and that, since the 1990s, the percentage of Russian women who smoke had risen from 7 to 22 percent, while the age at which a person first smoked on average had fallen from 15 to 11. | Raha hiverenana ny Oktobra 2012, ny tenan'ny Piraiminisitra Dmitri Medvedev mihitsy no nandefa tao amin'ny bilaoginy ny lahatsary iray (jereo etsy ambany) manazava ny antony nanaovan'ny governemanta io lalàna io, amin'ny fahafantarana fa tena ambony be loatra, tsy araka ny tokony ho izy, ny tahan'ny mpifoka sigara any Rosia ( raha ampitahaina amin'ny Shina) ary hatramin'ny taona 1990 dia niakatra ho 22 isan-jato ny vehivavy mifoka sigara raha 7 isan-jato izany teo aloha, nefa nidina 11 ka hatramin'ny 15 taona ny salan-taonan'ny fifohana sigara voalohany. |
13 | While official figures [ru] state that between 70 and 80 percent of the population supports these new measures, the law has proved controversial on the Russian blogosphere, where many took issue with it for a variety of reasons. | Ambaran'ny tarehimarika ofisialy [ru] fa 70 ka hatramin'ny 80 isan-jato no mankasitraka io lalàna vaovao io, nefa tsy izay no miseho any amin'ny tontolon'ny bilaogy Rosiana izay andàvan'ny maro ilay lalàna noho ny antony samy hafa. |
14 | Blogger Nicolai Troitsky (pictured in his LiveJournal profile enjoying a cigarette) claimed that he was joining the recently established “Common Russian Movement for the Rights of Smokers” [ru]. | Nanambara ilay bilaogera Nicolai Troitsky ( eo amin'ny LiveJournal ny sariny mankafy sigara ) fa vao avy nanangana ny ” Hetsiky Iraisana ho an'ny Zon'ny Rosiana Mpifoka”[ru]. |
15 | Troitsky denounced the legislation in the strongest possible terms in his post, “Stop the Genocide Against Smokers!” | Nokianin'i Troitsky tamin'ny fomba henjana araka izay azony natao tao anatin'ity lahatsoratra ity ilay lalàna : “Atsaharo ny Famonoana ny Mpifoka !” |
16 | [ru]. | [ru]. |
17 | This totalitarian, gestapo-like, fascist fight with smokers is more like an extermination, a genocide, running counter to all norms of common sense. | Io ady tsy refesi-mandidy, toy ny ‘gestapo', fanavakavahana atao amin'ireo mpifoka io dia manoatra noho ny fandripahana, ny vonomoka, mifanohitra amin'ny fenitra rehetra amin'ny fahatsapàna iraisan'ny maro. |
18 | An entire group of citizens is having its basic rights violated. | Voahitsakitsaka ny zo fototry mponina iray manontolo. |
19 | While Troitsky was apparently happy to confirm Godwin's Law in his opening salvo, hyperbole was not the sole preserve of smokers. | Raha nahafinaritra an'i Troitsky ny fampiasana ny Lalànan'i Godwin tamin'ny famidirany adihevitra mipatrapatraka ity, dia tsy ny mpifoka ihany no tràny. |
20 | Duma Deputy Igor Lebedev took the time to pen an article titled, “‘The Rights of Smokers' Are ‘The Rights of Drug Addicts' and ‘The Rights of Murders'” [ru]: | Nandàny fotoana mihitsy ny solombavam-bahoakan'ny Duma, i Igor Lebedev nanoratra ity lahatsoratra ity “‘Ny Zon'ny Mpidoroka' sy ny ‘Ny Zon'ny Mpamono olona' no atao hoe ‘ Zon'ny Mpifoka'” [ru]: |
21 | The habit is strong, of course. | Tena henjana ny fahazarana. |
22 | Not just the smokers' nicotine habit, but also our common habit of seeing people around us with smoking white paper sticks in their mouths. | |
23 | We need to make it so that the sight of a person smoking in front of people will bring the same reaction as the sight of a drug addict “shooting up” in front of people. | Tsy ny fahazarana amin'ny nikôtina ihany amin'ireo mpifoka fa ny fahazarantsika mahita ireo manodidina antsika miaraka aminà taratasy fotsy lavalava kely mamoaka setroka eny am-bavan'izy ireo ihany koa. Ohatra ny hoe rehefa mahita olona mifoka eny imasom-bahoaka dia mahita olona “mitsindrona” zava-mahadomelina imasom-bahoaka. |
24 | After all, they are one and the same. | Raha atambatra, iray ihany izy rehetra ireo. |
25 | Lebedev, a member of the ultra-nationalist political party LDPR, also underlined that “smoking is not a Russian tradition-the habit was introduced by Peter the Great” (that is, 300 years ago). | Notsipihan'i Lebedev, mpikambana ao amin'ny LDPR antoko politika fatra-mpandàla ny nasionalisma, fa “tsy fomba amam-panaon'ny Rosiana ny mifoka- fa i Peter Lehibe no nitondra ny fahazarana” (efa 300 taona lasa izay ). |
26 | The more liberal Anton Nossik criticized the law on the grounds that the coercive measures contained in the laws would prove fruitless [ru]. | Malala-tsaina kokoa i Anton Nossik, nanakiana ilay lalàna tamin'ny toan-kevitra hoe toa tsinjo tsy hisy vokany ireo fepetra feno teritery ao anatin'io lalàna io [ru] |
27 | In any country where they've achieved an apreciable success in the fight against smoking, we see the massive spectre of efforts centered namely on helping smokers to quit… But where the direction of the work is forceful, even the harshest, most repressive measures don't help. | Na firenena aiza na firenena aiza no nahitàna vokatra azo tsapain-tànana tamin'ny ady amin'ny fifohana sigara dia nahitàna ezaka nifantoka indrindra tamin'ny fanampiana ireo mpifoka sigara hiala amin'izany… Fa any amin'izay entina an-terisetra ny asa atao, na dia ny fepetra henjana indrindra sy feno famoreana indrindra aza tsy hitondra vokatra. |
28 | We recently discussed [on Nossik's blog] the example of France's repressive measures, the results of which between 2000 and 2010 turned out to be nothing. | Noresahintsika vao haingana [ tao amin'ny bilaogin'i Nossik] ny ohatra momba ny fepetra famoretana hita tany Frantsa izay tsy nahitam-bokany teo anelanelan'ny 2000 sy 2010. |
29 | And the British program of helping smokers in the same period lowered the number of those suffering [nicotine] dependence by one-and-half times. | Ary nampihena ho antsasany ny isan'ireo miankin-doha amin'ny nikôtina ny fandaharan'asa Britanika, fanampiana ny mpifoka nandritra io fe-potoana io. |
30 | Many Russians, however, were less interested in the law as a question of rights and simply focused on the likelihood of it being enforced or enforceable. | Na dia izany aza, maro ireo Rosiana izay tsy dia liana loatra amin'io lalàna miendrika zo io ary dia mifanontany ny amin'ny hoe hoampiharina na ho azo ampiharina ve izy io. |
31 | As Osik101195 bluntly tweeted [ru]: | Araka ny nibitsihan'i Osik101195 azy : |
32 | If you think the anti-tabacco law will be observed in Russia, then you're a complete f*cking idiot | Raha heverinareo fa hohajaina any Rosia ny lalàna momba ny ady atao amin'ny sigara sy ny paraky, dia tena adala kentrina ianareo |
33 | Writing several days after the law's adoption, MindNasty painted a grim picture [ru] of the efficacy of the ban: | Eo am-panoratana, andro maro taorian'ny namoahana ilay lalàna, dia nanao sary hosodoko mampalahelo [ru] momba ny fandairan'io fandraràna io i MindNasty: |
34 | Between the carriages on the train, two ticket inspectors were smoking, blowing their smoke at the “No Smoking” sign. | Eo anelanelanà kalesin-dalamby anankiroa, misy mpisava tapakila roa mifoka ary mandefa ny setro-tsigarany any amin'ilay soratra hoe ” Tsy azo hifohana sigara”. |
35 | They were discussing the anti-tabacco law. | Miresaka ilay lalàna mandràra ny fifohana sigara sy fihinanana paraky ry zareo. |
36 | I don't see the point of this law. | Tsy hitako izay dikan'io lalàna io. |
37 | For all the controversy, Russia's new smoking laws are broadly similar to legislation most Western countries have had for over 20 years (not coincidentally, its smoking rates are similar to those of countries like the UK 30 years ago). | Mitovy be amin'ny lalàna any amin'ireo firenena Tandrefana efa ho 20 taona lasa ny lalàna vaovaon'i Rosia ifehezana ny fifohana, araka ny resabe ( tsy fifanandrifian-javatra akory, fa any ny tahan'ny fifohana sigara dia mitovy amin'ny an'ireo firenena toa an'i UK 30 taona lasa). |
38 | With 400,000 Russians dying from smoking-related illnesses every year, the government has a huge incentive to increase public health and implement anti-smoking legislation, but whether Russia's population is willing to obey or its police are ready to enforce such legislation remains to be seen. | Voatery manao ezaka be ny governemanta ho fanatsarana ny fahasalamam-bahoaka ka namoaka ilay lalàna ho fiadiana amin'ny fifohana sigara sy zava-mahadomelina noho ireo Rosiana 400.000 maty vokatry ny aretina azo avy amin'izany, saingy ho hojerentsika eo na hankato izany ny vahoaka Rosiana, na vonona ny hampanaiky io lalàna io ireo mpitandro filaminana. |