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1Uzbekistan's Controversial Cotton Harvest ‘Feeds the Regime, not Citizens’Vokatra Landihazo ao Ouzbékistan : Volamena Fotsy Mampanankarena Ny Fitondrana Fa Tsy Ny Vahoaka
2Buses take children and adults alike to pick cotton in Uzbekistan's fields.Tsy ny olon-dehibe ihany no taterin'ny bus fa ireo ankizy ihany koa amin'ny fanangonam-bokatra landihazo any an-tsaha ao Ouzbékistan.
3Screenshot taken from video uploaded by Kudrat Babadjanov.Pikantsary nalaina tamin'ny lahatsary nampiakarin'i Kudrat Babadjanov.
4The cotton-picking season in Uzbekistan has officially finished, but according to reports, teachers and schoolchildren continue to labor in the fields.Efa tapitra amin'ny fomba ofisialy ny fotoam-piotazana landihazo ao Ouzbékistan. Na dia izany aza, araka ny tatitra voaray, dia manohy ny asa any an-tsaha ireo mpampianatra sy ankizy tokony handeha hianatra.
5Provincial leaders are known to apply physical force against farmers failing to meet cotton targets, while a recent report suggests that income from cotton production may bypass the state budget.Fantatra terivaimanta ataony amin'ireo tantsaha tsy mahatratra ny tanjona amin'ny fiotazam-bokatra ireo mpitondra ao amin'ny faritany, nefa nisy ny fampitam-baovao vao haingana nilaza fa mandeha lalan-kafa fa tsy mankany amin'ny kitapom-bolam-panjakana ny vola miditra amin'ny vokatra.
6Few people associated with the authoritarian republic are surprised by the report's findings.Olona vitsy manana fifandraisana amin'ity repoblika karazana jadona ity no gaga tamin'izany zavamisy izany.
7Uzbekistan is famous for forced labor and child labor in particular.Fantatra amin'ny fampanaovana asa an-terivozona ary indrindra amin'ny fampiasana ankizy i Ouzbékistan.
8In 2009 a publication by The School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London claimed that at least 86% of schools in the districts encountered by the study during the 2008 cotton season were subjected to compulsory recruitment requests from the government.Tamin'ny taona 2009, nitatitra ny vaovao avy amin'ny Sekolin'ny Fianarana ny [fisainana] Tatsinanana sy Afrikanina ao Londra fa farafahakeliny 86% n'ireo sekoly tao amin'ny faritra nandalovan'ireo mpikaroka momba ity fanadihadiana ity nandritra ny fiotazam-bokatra tamin'ny taona 2008, no niharan'ny fanerena avy amin'ny governemanta tsy maintsy hiasa.
9Recruits were children between the ages of 11 and 14, who were expected to gather between 15-70 kilograms of cotton per day depending on their age and the stage of the harvest.Ankizy tanelanelan'ny 11 ka hatramin'ny 14 taona ireo niharan'izany ary noheverina fa haangona landihazo 15-70 kilao isan'andro, arakaraky ny taonan'izy ireo sy ny fotoam-pahavokarana.
10Six years later, despite the relative success of an ongoing campaign to force manufacturers to boycott Uzbek cotton, little has changed inside the country.Enin-taona taty aoriana, na dia teo aza ny fahombiazana teo ho eo ihany tamin'ny fanentanana hanerena ireo orinasa hanao fahirano ny landihazo ouzbek, tsy dia nampiova zavatra firy tao amin'ny firenena izany.
11Uzbekistan was the sixth biggest producer in the world last harvest, and kids are still contributing to the cause.Ouzbékistan no mpamokatra be indrindra fahaenina manerantany tamin'ny fiotazana farany teo, ary nanampy tamin'izany ny fampiasana ankizy.
12A report produced last month reveals that income from the harvest goes into an opaque extra-budgetary sovereign wealth fund called Selkhozfond, about which almost nothing is known.Nilaza ny tatitra tamin'ny volana lasa teo fa mankany amin'ny renivola ampiasaina ivelan'ny tetibola antsoina hoe Selkhozfond, izay manjavozavo tanteraka ny momba azy ny vola miditra avy amin'ny vokatra.
13The authors of the Soros working paper Uzbekistan's Cotton Sector: Financial Flows and Distribution of Resources, who cooperated with a former government official in producing the report, had to make full use of their sources just to learn the full name of Selkhozfond director Shukrullo Umurov.Voatery nampiasa ny loharam-baovao rehetra teo am-pelantanany ireo mpanoratra ny tahirin-kevitra avy amin'ny fikambanana Soros miresaka ny Sehatry ny landihazo ao Ouzbékistan : fitobaky ny vola sy fizarana loharanon-karena, izay niara-niasa tamina mpiasam-panjakana teo aloha tamin'ny fanatontosana ny tatitra mba hamantarana fotsiny ny anaran'ny talen'ny Selkhozfond, Shukrullo Umurov.
14In an interview with Uznews.net, a news service run by Uzbek expatriates, one of the report's authors, Alisher Ilkhamov said he was sure Uzbek President Islam Karimov was the fund's main beneficiary.Tamin'ny antsafa niarahana tamin'ny Uznews.net, tranokalam-baovao tantanin'ireo mpila ravinahitra ouzbek, nilaza ny iray tamin'ireo mpanoratra ny tatitra, Alisher Ilkhamov, fa mino izy fa ny filoha ouzkbek Islam Karimov no mahazo tombotsoa voalohany indrindra amin'ny fidiram-bola.
15Chip, a commenter on Uznews.net, agreed:Niombo-kevitra amin'izany i Chip, mpaneho hevitra ao amin'ny Uznews.net:
16[Uzbek President Islam] Karimov shamelessly violates the criminal code under articles such as “fraud,” “appropriation of state property” etc. The entire economy is built like a mafia economy.Manitsakitsaka tsy amin-kenatra ny fehezan-dalàna famaizana amin'ny andinin-dalànany mikasika ny “hosoka”, “fakana harem-bahoaka”, sns [ny Filoha ouzkbek Islam] Karimov. Novolavolaina ho ao anatin'ny toekarenan'ny mafia avokoa ny toekarena rehetra.
17Stolen money goes into Western banks.Mankany amin'ny banky Eoropeana ny vola nangalarina.
18These “white and fluffy” bankers bear the guilt for all the country's ills.Tompon'andraikitra amin'ny fahantran'ny firenena ireo mpiandraikitra “fotsy sy malefaka” ao amin'ny banky .
19Another user of the service, Nablyudatel, demands Uzbekistan reforms a cotton sector that is toxic from both an ecological and social point of view.Mpamaky iray hafa, Nablyudatel, nangataka an'i Ouzbékistan mba hanisy fanitsiana ny sehatry ny landihazo, izay mampidi-doza, na eo amin'ny tontolo iainana na eo amin'ny sosialy.
20Should we not reform an industry that is constantly experiencing stress and increasingly destroys the environment?Tsy tokony hanisy fanitsiana sehatra iray tsy mitsahatra mizaka olana sy miha-manimba hatrany ny tontolo iainana ve isika?
21In Uzbekistan's climatic conditions, it is much more profitable and environmentally friendly to grow and process fruits and vegetables, and cotton is risky for the farming culture of the country.Manoloana ny fepetran'ny toetr'andro ao Ouzbékistan, tsara kokoa sy miaro ny tontolo iainana kokoa ny mamboly voankazo sy legioma. Mampidi-doza hoan'ny fambolena ao amin'ny firenena ny landihazo.
22However, the user adds:Na dia izany aza, hoy izy nanampy :
23Karimov's regime is unable to reform the cotton sector (moreover, to cut it down or reduce cotton production) because, as correctly pointed out in the article [report], cotton feeds the political regime, not citizens of the country.Tsy mahavita mitondra fanitsiana amin'ny sehatry ny landihazo ny fitondrana Karimov (na koa manafoana izany na mampihena ny famokarana) satria araka ny voalaza indrindra amin'ny lahatsoratra, mampanankarena ny fitondrana ny landihazo, fa tsy ny olom-pirenena.
24The Uzbek government remains deaf to calls not to use children in the harvest.Manampi-tsofina ny governemanta ouzbek manoloana ireo antso mba tsy hampiasa ankizy intsony amin'ny famokarana.
25Moreover, RFE/RL's Uzbek service Ozodlik reported October 29 that some hokims [heads of regional administrations] beat farmers who do not fulfil their production quotas.Fanampin'izany, nitatitra ny mpanao raharaha ouzbek RFE/RL, Ozodlik, tamin'ny 29 oktobra fa namono ireo tantsaha izay tsy manaja ny fetra tratrarina amin'ny famokarana ireo hokims sasany [lehiben'ny fitantanana ny faritra] no .
26Ilkhamov and his co-author Bakhodyr Muradov say such behaviour is motivated by the hokims' fear of losing their jobs:Nilaza i lkhamov sy ny mpiara-manoratra taminy Bakhodyr Muradov fa noho ny tahotra eo amin'ireo hokims sao ho very asa no anton'izany fihetsika izany:
27For failure to fulfil targets, local hokims risk losing their position and farmers are subject to a range of economic and administrative sanctions, including criminal prosecution and the reallocation of the land they farmed in favour of other farmers.Noho ny tsy fahatratrarana ny tanjona, mety ho tafala amin'ny asany ireo hokims ao an-toerana. Mety iharan'ireo andian-tsazy ara-toekarena sy ara-panjakana ireo tantsaha, tafiditra amin'izany ny fanenjehana ho nanao heloka bevava sy ny fanomezana indray ny tany fambolen'izy ireo hoan'ireo tantsaha hafa.
28In a blog on Uznews.net “Why do I have to collect cotton?”, journalist Kudrad Babadjjanov, explains why Uzbek people continue to engage in gruelling, unpaid work for the government each year:Tamina lahatsoratra bilaogy tao amin'ny Uznews.net, “Nahoana no tsy maintsy mamokatra landihazo aho?”, nanazava ny antony mahatonga ny Ouzbek manohy ny asa asa mafy hoan'ny governemanta tsy andraisan-karama ilay mpanoratra gazety Kudrad Babadjjanov :
29Article 37 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan as well as article 7 of the Labor Code prohibit forced labor.Mandràra ny asa an-terivozona ny adinin-dalàna faha-37 ao amin'ny Lalàmpanorenan'ny Repoblikan'i Ouzbékistan sy ny andinin-dalàna faha-7 amin'ny fehezan-dalàna momba ny asa.
30But what if an order [to collect cotton] is given by the Prime-Minister or even by the President, and many millions are obeying?Kanefa, saintsaino hoe ny Praiminisitra na indrindra koa ny filoha no manome baiko [hamokatra landihazo], ary mankatò ireo olona an-tapitrisany?
31And what if the same people who wrote these laws, the prosecutors, the police, the security services and the army are turned on you in order to force you to collect cotton - what will you do then?Saintsaino hoe mitodika any aminao ary manery anao hamokatra landihazo ireo olona namolavola izany lalàna izany, ny mpampanoa lalàna, ny polisy, ny sampam-piarovana sy ny tafika - inona ary no hataonao?
32An Uznews.net commenter, A.Sh., offered his own response to Babadjanov's original question:Mpaneho hevitra iray ao amin'ny Uznews.net, A.Sh., nanome ny valinteniny manokana mikasika ny fanontanian'i Babadjanov voalohany:
33“Why do I have to collect cotton?”Nahoana no tsy maintsy mamokatra landihazo aho?
34Because it was planted.Satria efa nambolena izy.
35We need to abandon cotton cultivation in Uzbekistan completely.Tokony handao tanteraka ny fambolena landihazo ao Ouzbékistan isika.
36The cotton crop is a plantation crop that requires constant care and water.Mila karakaraina ary tondrahana foana ny voly landihazo.
37All plantations require slaves and a colonial system of management.Mila andevo sy rafi-pitantanana ara-zanatany ny fambolena rehetra.
38Uzbekistan should be growing food to feed its large population instead.Tokony hamboly sakafo mba hamelomana ny vahoakany marobe i Ouzbékistan.
39But then the colonial regime would collapse.Raha izany, hirodana ny fitondrana zanatany.
40Can you imagine Uzbekistan without cotton?Azonao saintsainina ve i Ouzbékistan tsy misy landihazo?
41In part due to the work of the Cotton Campaign, over 130 major clothing brands have boycotted Uzbek cotton, including H&M, Levis, Lacoste and Adidas.Amin'ny ampahany dia noho ny vokatry ny Fanentanana momba ny landihazo, marika goavana eo amin'ny sehatry ny fitafiana miisa eo ho eo amin'ny 130 no tsy nanjifa ny landihazo Ouzbek intsony, anisan'izany ny H&M, Levis, Lacoste sy Adidas.
42Mass cotton cultivation in Central Asia began under the Russian Empire and accelerated under the Soviet Union.Nanomboka tamin'ny Ampira Rosiana ny fambolena goavana ny landihazo tao Azia Afovoany ary nihafaingana nandritra ny fotoanan'ny Firaisana Sovietika.
43To a lesser extent, Uzbekistan's neighbours Turkmenistan and Tajikistan have also faced criticism for forcing citizens - including children - to participate in the annual cotton harvest.Noho ny antony hafa, voatery niatrika tsikera ihany koa ireo firenena mpifanolo-bodirindrina an'i Ouzbékistan: Turkmenistan sy Tadjikistan noho izy ireo nanery sy manery olom-pireneny- anisan'izany ireo ankizy - mba handray anjara amin'ny fiotazana landihazo isan-taona.