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1 | Singapore: Should government legalize organ trade? | Singapour: Tokony ho ankatoavin'ny fanjakana ho ara-dalàna ve ny varotra taova? |
2 | An important debate is raging in Singapore: Should government legalize organ trade? | Misy adihevitra mafonja miainga ao Singapour : Tokony hankato ny varotra taova ho ara-dalàna ve ny governemanta ? |
3 | The debate began last month when two young Indonesians were arrested and jailed for trying to sell their kidneys to a wealthy businessman in Singapore. | Nanomboka tamin'ny volana lasa iny ny adihevitra raha voasambotra sy nampidirina am-ponja ireo tanora Indoneziana roa nikasa hivarotra ny voany tamina lehilahy mpanankarena mpanao afera iray tao Singapour. |
4 | The Human Organ Transplant Act “bans the supply of any organ or blood for valuable consideration” in Singapore. | Ny asa famindràna taovan'olombelona dia “mandràra ny fanomezana taova, na rà ka sandaina takalo ” ao Singapour. |
5 | mr wang says so articulates the key ethical issue in the debate: | mr wang dia maneho mazava tsara ny resaka éthique ao anatin'ilay resaka: |
6 | “The key ethical objection is that human organ trading may lead to the exploitation of the poor and of socially disadvantaged donors who are unable to make an informed choice.” | “Ny tsindrian'ny éthique dia hoe ny varotra taova dia mety hitondra amin'ny fanararaotana ny mahantra sy hanimba ireo malala-tànana tsy dia mànana ny ampy loatra ara-tsosialy ary tsy manam-pidiny amin'ny fahafantarany an'izany.” |
7 | Singapore is fifth highest in the world in terms of incidence of kidney failure. | Mitàna ny laharana fahadimy eran-tany amin'ny vokatry ny aretin'ny voa (insuffisance rénale) i Singapour. |
8 | According to a news report, at least 3,500 people in Singapore have kidney failure; 600 are on the transplant list. | Raha araka ny famakafakana iray, 3,500 raha kely ny olona tratry ny aretin'ny voa ao ; 600 amin'ireo ny ao anatin'ny lisitra famindrana taova. |
9 | But they have to wait up to nine years for a cadaveric donation. | Nefa tsy maintsy miandry hatramin'ny sivy taona any ry zareo ireo mba hahazo avy amin'ireo mpanolotra aorian'ny fahafatesana. |
10 | Blinkymummy supports the legalization of organ trade: | I Blinkymummy dia mankasitraka ny fankatoavana ny varotra taova: |
11 | “I personally believe that there is no good reason to prevent organ trading, provided the transaction is carried out within a well-defined framework. | “Izaho manokana dia resy lahatra fa tsy dia misy antony loatra hanakànana ny varotra taova, raha toa ka tanterahana ao anaty fifanarahana voafaritra mazava tsara ny fifampiraharahana. |
12 | Why should anyone die on the waiting list because his family and friends are not equipped with a compatible kidney? | Nahoana no amelana ho faty olona iray ao anatin'ny lisitry ny famindràna taova satria hoe ny fiankaviany na ny namany dia tsy misy manana voa mifanaraka amin'ny azy? |
13 | “On top of willing buyer and seller, these two parties ought to be fully informed of the risks involved. | “Ny ambony indrindra ho an'ny mpividy sy ny mpivarotra, tokony hahafantatra tsara mihitsy ny zavatra mety hiseho ny roa tonta. |
14 | And the best party to be playing referee is the state. | Ary ny tsara toerana indrindra hitàna ny toeran'ny mpitsara dia ny fanjakàna. |
15 | Because it is highly efficient and good at rationalising the necessary.” | Satria izy faran'izay handaitra sy ho tsara amin'ny fanatanterahana antsakany sy andavany izay fepetra ilaina. “ |
16 | But a reader has a different opinion: | Nefa nanana fomba fijery hafa kosa ny mpamaky iray: |
17 | “Is the state truly a good party to be a referee? | “Tena ho mpitsara marina tokoa ve aloha ny fanjakàna? |
18 | In an ideal country, yes. | Eny, raha any amin'ny firenena filamatra. |
19 | Since no country is ideal, I do not think letting the state act as referee is safe. | Fa raha mbola tsy misy ny firenena filamatra, tsy mihevitra aho fa hoe ny famelàna ny fanjakana hanao ny asan'ny mpitsara dia tsy hitera-doza. |
20 | “In a trade of organs, the poor will never have the chance for himself to enjoy a better life, only a chance to redeem his family from poverty. | “Ao anatin'ny fivarotana taova, ny mahantra dia tsy ho afaka velively hanam-bintana higoka fiainan-tsambatra ho azy manokana, fa dia fotsiny hoe afaka nisintona ny ankohonany hiala ao anaty fahantràna. |
21 | I do not think the state has the moral capacity to play this referee of fate.” | Tsy everiko mihitsy hoe ny fanjakana no ho hanana fahafahana ara-moraly hitànana io toeran'ny mpitsara ny ho làlam-piainana io.” |
22 | Singapore Law Watch uploads an article by Jennifer Yeo & Madan Mohan. | Nametraka lahatsoratr'i Jennifer Yeo& Madan Mohan i Singapore Law Watch . |
23 | The authors believe organ trade is beneficial: | Resy lahatra ireo mpanoratra fa ahazoana tombony ny varotra taova: |
24 | “Organ donation, even if it involves valuable consideration, may make life better for both parties who find no way out of problems of health or poverty. | “Ny fanolorana taova, na dia hisy takalony aza, dia mety hahatsaratsara ny fiainan'ny andaniny sy ny ankilany izay samy tsy mahita làlan-kivoahana amin'ny olan'ny fahasalamana na ny fahantrana. |
25 | If the state - and the altruists - cannot help the poor in overcoming their problems, it ought not to raise more barriers for them. | Raha toa ny fanjakana - sy ireo tia manampy ny mpiara-belona aminy - tsy afaka manampy ireo mahantra mba hisedra ny olany, tsy tokony mihitsy hanangana sakana hafa indray ho azy ireny. |
26 | “Singapore can take the lead and set a good precedent for the international community by legalizing organ trade. | “Afaka mijoro ho mpitarika i Singapore sady manome ohatra tsara ho fiandohana ho an'ny fikambanam-be iraisam-pirenena mba hankato ny varotra taova. |
27 | The Republic has the infrastructure to facilitate such transactions. | Manana ny fotodrafitrasa rehetra ilaina hanamoràna izany fandraharahàna izany ny Repoblika. |
28 | “One idea is to set up a kidney registry for registering and screening donors and recipients to find matches and ensure that there has been no coercion, duress or exploitation. | “Hevitra iray ny hametrahana rejisitry ny aretin'ny voa mba hanangonana sy hitiliana ireo mpanolotra sy ny mpila mba hahazoana antoka fa tsy nisy ny faneriterena, na fanararaotana. |
29 | A charitable foundation or independent administrative body could take care of this and related matters such as informed consent, protection of identities of donors and donees, requirements, medical bills, insurance, compensation and benefits for donors, their families and other post-transplant issues.” | Fikambanana iray mpanao asa soa na fitantanana tsy miankina no afaka handray an-tanana izany sy ny rehetra manodidina azy toy ny fanekena an-tsitrapo mazava tsara, ny fiarovana ny tsiambaratelon'ny mpanome sy mpanolotra, ny filàna, ny momba ny fandaniana ara-pitsaboana, ny fiantohana, ny fanomezana tamby sy tombontsoa ireo mpanome, ny fianakaviany sy ny hafa aorian'ny famindràna” |
30 | The authors' proposals were echoed by government ministers who recently hinted that a certain procedure allowing organ trade will be implemented in the future. | Maro tamin'ireo soso-kevitry ny mpanoratra no nanana ny akony teo amin'ireo minisitra ao amin'ny governemanta izay nandefa tsilian-tsofina fa amin'ny hoavy dia hisy fepetra haroso mba hahafahana manao ny varotra taova. |
31 | Carpe Diem - Seize the day also believes that: | Carpe Deim-Seize the day koa dia mino fa: |
32 | “Singapore can take the lead in studying and implementing a system which permits the sale of organs that would strike a balance between individual needs and societal principal.” | “ Afaka mijoro ho mpitarika i Singapour amin'ny fandinihana sy fametrahana rafitra afaka miantoka ny varotra taova ka hisian'ny fifandanjàna eo amin'ny filàn'ny isam-batan'olona sy ny sarambabem-bahoaka.” |
33 | But the Singapore Medical Association is opposing organ trade. | Saingy manohitra ny varotra taova ny Fikambanana ara-pahasalamana ao Singapour. |
34 | Angry Doctor criticizes this position: | Kianin'i Angry Doctor io fomba fijery io : |
35 | “Angry Doc feels that while doctors are individually entitled to their own moral viewpoints, and as a profession our ethics allow us to choose whether to participate or refrain from participation in a certain type of treatment, as advocates for our patients our role when it comes to a medical issue should be one of active participation through education and provision of information. | “I Angry Doc dia mahatsapa fa rehefa tompon'antoka amin'ny ara-moraliny manokana ireo mpitsabo, ary amin'ny maha-asa azy, ny éthique-ntsika dia mamela antsika hisafidy ny handray anjara na hisintaka amin'izay mety ho endrika iray fandraisana anjara amin'ny traitement, toy ny maha-mpiaro ny mararintsika, ny anjara andraikitsika rehefa sendra olana ara-pitsaboana dia tokony ho fandraisana anjara mavitrika amin'ny fampianarana sy fanomezam-baovao. |
36 | We must not try to abdicate our responsibility while using the morality of a portion of doctors as an excuse.” | Tsy tokony hanandrana handositra andraikitra isika amin'ny fampiasana ny resaka moralin'ny mpitsabo sasany ho fanilihana (fialàna bala). “ |
37 | Catholic bloggers are opposing organ trade. | Ireo mpitoraka blaogy avy amin'ny finoana Katolika dia mitsipaka ny varotra taova. |
38 | A quiet moment shares a sample of the Catholic perspective: | A quiet moment dia nizara santionana vinavina avy amin'ny katolika : |
39 | “A donated organ can save a life but at whose expense? | “Ny taova iray nomena dia mety hanavotra aina iray nefa iza no handoa be? |
40 | Somebody could be duped, coerced, pressured, offered incentives or even killed to have their organs extracted for the recipient. | Mety ho voatampi-maso ny olona iray, voatery, voatsindry, naharay fandraviravizana na koa mety mihitsy novonoina mba hahazoana maka ny taovany, ho an'ilay mila izany. |
41 | “Has the patient been given adequate information, and made to understand what life will be after post-transplant surgery rather than living a life of regret from depression and ailments common to post-transplant surgery.” | “Mety hahazo ny fanazavana marim-pototra ve ilay marary, ary afaka hahatakatra hoe hanao ahoana ny ho fiainana aorian'ny fandidiana famindràna toy izay hiaina fiainana anaty nenina avy amin'ny rarin-tsaina (depression) sy aretina fahita aorian'ny fandidiana famindràna .” |
42 | Sze Zeng lambasts the commercialization of all aspects of life: | Tsikerain'i Sze Zeng ny fivarotana izay rehetra mikasika ny aina: |
43 | “In the organ trade, the term ‘organ donor' is an oxymoron for in a trade there is no compensation but payment, and there is no donor but simply owner. The relationship does not bear any altruistic meaning but pure commercial transaction. | “Ao amin'ny varotra taova, ny famaritana hoe ‘mpanome taova' dia toa fifanoheran-kevitra iray eo amin'ny sehatry ny varotra tsy misy fifamenoana fa sandaina vola, ary tsy misy hoe mpanome fa tompony fotsiny izao, tsy hita taratra ao anatin'ilay fifandraisana ny fitiavana hanampy ny toa azy fa tena raharaham-barotra tsotra izao fotsiny. |
44 | The attraction in legalizing organ trade is the extension of widespread commercialization over all sphere of reality.” | Ny mahasarika ho amin'ny fankatoavana ny varotra taova dia fitàran'ny fifampivarotana amin'ny ankapobeny manerana ny sehatra rehetra iainana andavanandro.” |
45 | Javert's World warns that organ trade will mean the “survival of the rich and extinction of the poor.” | Mampitandrina i Javert's World fa ny dikan'ny varotra taova dia ho “lasa haraton'aina ho an'ny mpanana ary ho fandripahana ny mahantra.” |
46 | Another blogger points out that legalizing organ trade will not eliminate the underground market for kidney sales: | Mpitoraka blaogy iray hafa no manamarika ny varotra taova dia tsy hanafoana ny tsenan'ny voa any amin'ny varo-maizina: |
47 | “Should the government decide to legalize organ trade and establish an organized system complete with standard operating procedures, there is no assurance that the black market will be totally eradicated. | “Hanapa-kevitra hankato ny varotra taova ny governemanta ary hametraka rafitra feno sy manaraka lamina manaraka fomba fiasa lasitra, nefa tsy antoka hanafoana tanteraka ny varo-maizina izany. |
48 | It is just like how loan sharks can still exist even with banks around, or how underground bets still thrive alongside the legal betting.” | Sahala amin'ny mbola hisian'ny mpampanjana-bola na feno banky aza manodidina, na ahoana ireny filokana eny anelakelan-trano ireny no mbola miroborobo mifanindran-dàlana amin'ny filokana eken'ny lalàna.” |
49 | But CTW explains that: | Nefa i CTW dia manazava fa : |
50 | “Having some form of control over organ trading would prevent the middleman from exploiting the would-be donor. | “Ny fanànana fepetra fanaraha-maso maromaro momba ny varotra taova dia ahafahana misoroka ny mpanera tsy hanararaotra ireo lazaina ho mpanome. |
51 | I am not suggesting things are simple but the Singapore authorities are good at plugging the loopholes.” | Tsy te-hilaza aho hoe zavatra tsotra kely izany fa ireo tomponandraikitra ao Singapour no tena fatsora mahay mitady làlan-kidifiana. |
52 | Anders Brink cautions against passing a law that would exploit the poor countries near Singapore: | Mampitandrina ny amin'ny mety ho fandaniana volavolan-dalàna mikendry ny hanararaotana ireo firenena mahantra mifanolo-bodirindrina amin'i Singapour koa i Anders Brink: |
53 | “What kind of legal position is this, where Singapore can have a law that legalizes exploitation of the neighboring countries' poor people? | “Rafitra araky ny lalàna manao akory moa ity, izay hananàn'i Singapour lalàna hankatoavana ny fanararaotana ny mponin'ireo firenena mahantra manakaiky azy? |
54 | What kind of message are we sending to our neighbors? | Karazana hafatra toy inona no alefantsika ho an'ireo mpifanolo-bodirindrina amintsika? |
55 | Basically, Singapore is in this position because she is rich, while her neighbors are poor. | Raha ny foto-dresaka, eo amin'io toerana io i Singapour satria manan-karena izy, raha mahantra kosa ireo eo akaikiny. |
56 | If when you are rich, you demonstrate to others that you are willing to pass an exploitative law, how do you want to be treated when you are poor?” | Raha rehefa manan-karena ianao, dia hiseho amin'ny hafa ho afaka manolotra lalàna fanararaotana (famoretana), mba ahoana no tianao hitondrana anao raha mahantra kosa ianao? |
57 | Iran is often mentioned in the debates because it is the only country in the world which allows the selling of kidneys (Iranians call it ‘organ sharing'). | Ao anivon'ny resaka foana i Irana matetika satria izy irery eran-tany no firenena manaiky ny varotra voa (antsoin'ny Iraniana hoe ‘fizaràna taova'). |
58 | A comment written by a reader in the blog of mr wang says so highlights a very significant point: | Fanamarihana iray nentin'ny mpamaky tao amin'ny blaogin'i no maneho mivandravandra teboka iray: |
59 | “I think that a larger issue that has been overlooked is the holistic care of our citizens with chronic illnesses, which includes renal (kidney) failure patients. | “Heveriko ho zavatra iray lehibe notsinontsinoavina dia ny fiahiana ara-holistique (ny maha iray tsy mivaky ny zavatra iray tsy azo samantsamahana) ireo mpiara-belona amintsika tratry ny aretina mitaiza, ao anatin'izany ny marary tratry ny aretin'ny voa. |
60 | “Renal failure patients with poor health are largely from a disadvantaged socioeconomic background. | “Ireo marary voa manana fahasalamana marefo dia betsaka no avy amin'ny saranga tsy dia mahazo tombontsoa loatra amin'ny resaka sosialy sy toekarena. |
61 | They usually have high blood pressure or diabetes, but could not afford the intensive medical care required to delay the onset of complications. | Amin'ny ankapobeny izy ireny dia manana tosi-drà avo na diabeta, nefa koa tsy afaka hiatrika ny hamafin'ny fikarakarana ara-pahasalamana ilaina mba hisorohana izay fahasarotana mety hitranga. |
62 | As a result, they progress to renal failure much earlier, which needs to be treated with dialysis. | Vokany, haingana sy aloha be ny fahatongavan'izy ireny any amin'ny tsy fahafahan'ny voany miasa ara-dalana intsony, izay ilàna fikarakarana amin'ny alalàn'ny dialyse. |
63 | “How then do we avoid this whole mess? | “Ahoana ary no ataontsika hisorohana izany fahavoazana lehibe izany? |
64 | Prevention is really better than ‘cure', as in this case, kidney transplants are so limited, and essentially priceless. | Tena tsara lavitra ny misoroka noho ny ‘mitsabo', toy ity tranga ity, ny famindrana voa dia tena voafetra, ary indrindra indrindra tsy taka-bidy. |
65 | But the prevention is also expensive. | Nefa ny fisorohana koa lafo. |
66 | “The question really then, is how much is the government willing to step in to provide cheap healthcare to the people who need it, but are not able to afford it. | “Ny tena tokony ho fanontaniana izany dia hoe, hatraiza no fetra azon'ny governemanta hitondràna fikarakarana ny fahasalamana mora vidy ho an'ireo olona mila izany, nefa tsy afa-manoatra. |
67 | Based on our national healthcare budget, it doesn't seem to be a lot, compared to other areas such as defence.” | Raha ny teti-bolam-panjakantsika natokana ho an'ny fahasalamana, tsy dia be loatra izany, raha mitaha amin'ny sehatra hafa toy ny fiarovana” |
68 | For a more detailed study on organ trade (or transplant tourism) in the world, the WHO has good reference materials. | Raha mila fandalinana misimisy kokoa momba ny varotra taova (na ny fizahantany miharo famindràna) eran-tany, ny OMS dia manana fitaovana ho loharano tsara tokoa. |