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1 | Can Big Data Save the Last of India's Wild Tigers? | Mety Ho Avotry Ny ‘Big Data’ Ve Ireo Tigra Mpiriorio Sisa Any India ? |
2 | Analyzing 25,000 individual observations, wildlife managers in India find clues to help stop tiger poachers in their tracks. | Amin'ny fandalinana ireo fandinihana 25.000 nataon'ny tsirairay dia mahita hirika hisamborana ireo mpihaza tigra antsokosoko amin'ny làlany ny mpiaro ireo biby mpiriorio. |
3 | Photo by Flickr user The Belurs CC-BY-NC-SA 2.0 | Sary avy amin'i “The Belurs”, mpampiasa Filckr CC-BY-NC-SA 2.0 |
4 | This post by Roger Drouin was originally published on Ensia.com, a magazine that highlights international environmental solutions in action, and is republished here according to a content-sharing agreement. | Tao amin'ny Ensia.com, gazetiboky izay manasongadina ny vahaolana iraisam-pirenena momba ny tontolo iainana amin'izao fotoana izao no namoahana voalohany ity lahatsoratra nataon'i Roger Drouin ity, ary avoaka eto indray araka ny fifanarahana amin'ny fifampizaràna votoaty. |
5 | Traveling in small, nomadic groups, carrying knives, axes and steel traps, tiger poachers in India have long held advantages over those trying to protect the big cats. | Mivondrona ho andiany vitsy mivezivezy miaraka amin'ny antsy, famaky, fandrika vita amin'ny vifotsy ireo mpihaza tigra antsokosoko any India, efa hatry ny ela ry zareo no nahazo tombony raha oharina amin'ireo manandrana miaro ity karazana sakabe ity. |
6 | The poachers, motivated mainly by demand for tiger bones used in traditional medicine in China, return every two to three years to places where they know “every stream and rocky outcrop” and set traps along tigers' pathways or near watering holes, says Belinda Wright, executive director of the Wildlife Protection Society of India. | Isaky ny roa na telo taona ry zareo no miverina amin'ny toerana izay fantany “ny renirano sy ny harambato rehetra”, ary mamelatra ny fandrika amin'ny làlana fandehanan'ny tigra na manakaiky ny toerana fisotroana rano ireo mpihaza antsokosoko satria entanin'ny fitadiavan'i Shina taolana tigra ampiasaina amin'ny fanaovana fanafody nentim-paharazana, hoy i Belinda Wright, Tale Mpanatanteraka ao amin'ny Fikambanana Fiarovana ny Biby Mpiriorio any India. |
7 | They are seldom caught. | Mahalana no ahasamborana azy ireo. |
8 | “They have unbelievable knowledge and jungle craft,” Wright says. | “Tsy mampino ny fahaizan-dry zareo sy ny fahafehezany ny ala ,” hoy i Wright. |
9 | “They will use every trick in the book.” | “Ampiasainy avokoa izay paikady rehetra hitany ao anaty boky.” |
10 | But a study published last August by Wright, ecologist Koustubh Sharma and colleagues could help turn the tide against tiger poaching in India, home to more than half of the tiger's global wild population. | Saingy fikarohana iray nataon'i Wright, ekolojista Koustubh Sharma sy ny namany izay nivoaka tamin'ny volana Aogositra lasa teo no meyho afaka hanampy amin'ny fanamdihana ny rasa ho amin'ireo mpihaza tigra antsokosoko any India. India izay toerana iriariavan'ny maherin'ny antsasak'ireo tigra mpiriorio maneran-tany. |
11 | The study, published in the journal Biological Conservation, applied a new method to estimate the probability of occurrence and detection of tiger crime in various areas of India, then used it to identify 73 key “hot spots” with high likelihood of tiger poaching and trafficking in tiger parts. | Nampihatra paikady vaovao mba haminavinana izay mety hitrangàna sy hahitàna ny famonoana tigra any amin'ny faritra maro any India ilay fikarohana navoaka tamin'ny gazetiboky Biological Conservation, ary avy eo nampiasa azy io mba hahalalàna ireo “toerana mafàna” 73 fototra izay tena mety ahitana ny fihazàna tigra antsokosoko sy ny fanaovana varomaizina ireo ampahany amin'ny tigra. |
12 | According to the authors, it could lead to more efficient anti-poaching efforts by giving conservationists, enforcement officials and forest rangers working to save the tigers the ability to home in on where enforcement is needed most and thus improve the odds of saving India's imperiled national animal. | Araka ny voalazan'ny mpanoratra dia mety hampahomby kokoa ny ady atao amin'ny fihazàna antsokosoko izany amin'ny fanomezana ireo mpandala ny tontolo iainana, ny tompon'andraikitra amin'ny fampiharana ny lalàna ary ireo mpiambina ny ala miezaka miaro ireo tigra, ny fahafahana mitoetra any amin'ny toerana izay ilàna fifehezana bebe kokoa sy fanatsarana ny fanavotana ireo biby nasionaly Indiana ahiana ho lany taranaka. |
13 | Over the past few years, Sharma, a senior regional ecologist with Snow Leopard Trust and scientist with Nature Conservation Foundation, and his team wrote computer code and analyzed 25,000 data points - collected since 1972 across 605 districts - on wildlife poaching crimes, including locations of confirmed tiger poaching instances and sites where tiger parts had been seized. | Tao anatin'ny taona vitsy lasa, nanoratra famantarana informatika sy nandalina teboka 25.000 tanaty angon-drakitra - nangonina tany aminà distrika 605 hatramin'ny 1972- momba ny famonoana antsokosoko ireo biby mpiriorio i Sharma, mpandala tontolo iainana malaza avy ao an-toerana, niaraka tamin'ny Snow Leopard Trust sy ireo mpahay siansa niaraka tamin'ny Nature Conservation Foundation ary ny ekipany. Ao anatin'izany ireo toerana azo antoka fa misy fihazàna tigra antsokosoko sy ny toerana nahatratrarana ampahanà tigra. |
14 | “It's such a huge dataset that whenever I would run the analysis cycle, it would take 20 to 25 minutes for each model,” Sharma says. | “Maro loatra ilay angona ka mandany 20 ka hatramin'ny 25 isaky ny modely aho isaky ny hanokatra tsingerim-panadihadiana”,hoy i Sharma. |
15 | “An intelligence network is the most crucial step in curbing tiger and wildlife crime,” says Wright. | “Ny tambajotram-panangonam-baovao no dingana tena mavesa-danja amin'ny ady atao amin'ny famonoana tigra sy ireo biby mpiriorio” hoy i Wright. |
16 | More intelligence means being able to better place informers on the ground and use cell phone interceptions. | Ny fahazoana vaovao betsaka dia midika ho fahaizana mametraka tsara ireo mpanangom-baovao any an-toerana sy fahaizana mipaingotra antso amin'ny finday. |
17 | It also means knowing where to target field patrols and forest ranger activities. | Midika ihany koa ho fahaizana mametraka ireo andiany mpisafo eny an-kianja sy ny asan' ireo mpiambina ala izany. |
18 | Of utmost importance, Sharma says, is knowing where crime patterns have changed as poachers' tactics change. | Fa ny tena zava-dehibe hoy i Sharma dia ny fahafantarana ny toerana nisy fiovàn'ny fanaovana ilay heloka bevava, satria niova ny paikan'ireo mpihaza antsokosoko. |
19 | That's why researchers worked to formulate modeling that could be updated regularly. | Izany no nahatonga ireo mpikaroaka nanangana modely azo havaozina matetika. |
20 | “At the end of the day we have to try to be a step ahead of the criminals,” says Sharma. | “Rehefa hariva, tsy maintsy miezaka ny misongona ireo mpanao heloka izahay ” hoy i Sharma. |
21 | “That's what insurance companies and banks do. They do models and create projections, and invest. | ” Izany no ataon'ireny orinasam-piantohana sy banky ireny. Manao lasitra ry zareo ary manangana tetikasa, dia mamatsy vola. |
22 | We have something similar. | Toy izany koa no ataonay. |
23 | We have these models and projections, and we have to invest accordingly.” | Manana lasitra sy tetikasa izahay, ary dia tsy maintsy mamatsy vola mifanaraka amin'izany.” |
24 | Current hot spots for tiger crime identified by the study include some regions that surprised researchers and could likely benefit from increased enforcement. | Ireo toerana mafana famonoana tigra amin'izao fotoana izao voatilin'ilay fanadihadiana dia ahitana faritra sasantsasany izay nanaitra ireo mpikaroka ary mety hahazo tombony amin'ny fampiharana hentitra ny lalàna. |
25 | The Nepal-India border region, for instance, has had less enforcement in the past than other areas, Sharma says. | Ohatra, taloha dia namaivanina kokoa ny fampiharana ny lalàna amin'ny sisintany mampisaraka an'i Nepal sy India raha oharina amin'ny faritra hafa, hoy i Sharma. |
26 | The study found that the region has been under growing poaching pressure, likely due to an increase in the local tiger population and its role as a hub for trafficking tiger bones into China, Sharma says. | Asongadin'ilay fikarohana fa teren'ny firongatry ny fihazàna antsokosoko ilay faritra, angamba noho ny fitombon'ny isan'ny tigra ao an-toerana sy amin'ny maha-toerana fanaovana varomaizina taolanà tigra mankany Shina hoy i Sharma. |
27 | “That is an area we are highlighting as a hot spot where policy makers should take action,” Sharma says. | “Faritra izay asongadinay ho toy ny toerana mahamay io ka tokony handraisan'ny mpanao politika andraikitra” hoy i Sharma. |
28 | The formulas used to calculate current and changing hot spots is already getting the attention of those charged with preventing illegal poaching across India. | Efa misintona sahady ny sain'ireo tompon'andraikitra amin'ny fisorohana ny fihazana antsokosoko manerana an'i India ireo raikipohy nampiasaina hikajiana ny toerana mahamay sy miovaova amin'izao fotoana izao. |
29 | The study also found evidence that poachers prefer to use rail routes, where they can more easily blend in with millions of passengers daily. | Io fandalinana io ihany koa no nahita porofo fa aleon'ireo mpihaza antsokosoko mampiasa ny fiarandalam-by satria moramora kokoa ho azy ireo ny fahafahany miafina any anivon'ireo mpandeha an-tapitrisa isan'andro. |
30 | At least 17 districts far from tiger forests, including Delhi and Indore, scored high on tiger crime because they are trade hubs. | Fara-fahakeliny distrika 17 lavitra ny ala-nà tigra, ao anatin'izany i Delhi sy Indore, no ahitana taham-pahafatesana tigra betsaka satria ivon-toeram-pivarotana izy ireo. |
31 | The formulas used to calculate current and changing hot spots is already getting the attention of those charged with preventing illegal poaching across India. | Efa misintona sahady ny sain'ireo tompon'andraikitra amin'ny fisorohana ny fihazana antsokosoko manerana an'i India ireo raikipohy nampiasaina hikajiana ny toerana mahamay sy miovaova amin'izao fotoana izao. |
32 | In September, Sharma called the paper to the attention of Rajesh Gopal, member secretary of the National Tiger Conservation Authority of India, who forwarded the findings to field managers in charge of monitoring wild tigers and fighting poachers in tiger reserves and buffer areas. | Tamin'ny Septambra, dia nanao fanairana an-tsoratra an'i Rajesh Gopal, sektretera mpikambana ao amin'ny National Tiger Conservation Authority of India ( Fahefana Nasionaly momba ny fiarovana ny Tigraa ao India) i Sharma, izay nanolotra ireo vokatra ho an'ireo tompon'andraikitra eny an-kianja misahana ny fanaraha-maso ireo tigra mpiriorio sy ny ady atao amin'ny mpihaza antsokosoko any amin'ny toerana fonenan'ny tigra sy ireo faritra arovana. |
33 | Sharma notes the methodology, combined with on-the-ground enforcement, can also be used to curb illegal poaching of other species, from leopards to pangolins. | Tsapan'i Sharma fa azo ampiharina amin'ny ady atao amin'ny fihazàna antsokosoko ireo karazam-biby hafa, manomboka any amin'ny leoparda ka hatramin'ny ‘pangolin' ity fomba ity raha ampiarahana amin'ny fampiharana any an-kianja. |
34 | “What we need is good technology and good enforcement on the ground,” Wright says. | “Teknolojia tsara sy fampiharana tsara any an-kianja no ilaintsika,” hoy i Wright.” |
35 | “Nothing can replace a human with two legs, two hands and a brain.” | Tsy misy mahasolo ny olona misy tongotra roa, tànana roa ary atidoha.” |
36 | Robert Drouin is a freelance environmental journalist and author. | Mpanao gazety tsy miankina sy mpanoratra manokana momba ny tontolo iainana i Robert Drouin. |
37 | He covers species conservation, from bats to snow leopards, and energy issues. | Mandrakotra ny fiarovana ireo karazana manomboka amin'ny ramanavy ka hatramin'ny leoparda miaina anaty ranomandry ary ny resaka momba ny angovo izy. |
38 | His work appears in Scientific American, Yale Environment 360, Mother Jones and Grist.org. | Ny Scientific American, Yale Environment 360, Mother Jones ary ny Grist.org no ahitana ny sangan'asany. |
39 | He blogs here and tweets from @rogerreal. | Eto izy no mitoraka bilaogy sy mibitsika avy amin'ny @rogerreal. |