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1Hong Kong Citizens Want Legal Protections for Their MetadataMponin'i Hong Kong Maniry Ny Hiarovan'ny Lalàna Ireo Angon-drakitra Momba Azy Ao Anaty Findainy
2Data privacy protest, Unter den Linden, Germany.Hetsi-panoherana ho fiarovana angon-drakitra momba ny tena manokana, Unter den Linden, Alemaina.
3Photo from Flickr User: Lindsay Eyink (CC: AT)Sary avy amin'i Lindsay Eyink, mpampiasa Flickr (CC: AT)
4Hong Kong's top security official finally clarified the legal procedure governing law enforcement's requests for user data information from Internet service providers.Ela ny ela, nohazavain'ny tomponandraikitra ambony avy ao amin'ny mpitandro filaminana ao Hong Kong ny dingana mifehy ireo fangatahana fampiharana ny lalàna mahakasika ny angon-drakitra “metadata” momba ireo mpampiasa alefa ho an'ireo mpanome tolotra aterineto.
5Now we know for certain that there is no legal procedure regulating user data requests in Hong Kong.Ankehitriny isika mahafantatra tsara fa misy dingana tsy araka ny lalàna itondrana ny fangatahana angon-drakitra momba ireo mpampiasa aterineto ao Hong Kong Now.
6This begs the question: Should government agencies really be able to look at our metadata without any oversight from the courts?Mitarika ho amin'ny fanontaniana hoe : Tokony ho afaka tokoa hijery ny ango-drakitra momba antsika, nefa tsy ambany fanarahamason'ny fitsaràna, ve ireo masoivohon'ny governemanta?
7Lai Tung-Kwok, Hong Kong's Secretary for Security, said at a Legislative Council meeting on 29 April that law enforcement agencies may request necessary user information (such as account names, IP addresses and log records) from service providers for locating witnesses, evidence or suspects when investigating criminal cases.Lai Tung-Kwok, Sekretera misahana ny filaminana ao Hong Kong, niteny tao amin'ny fivorian'ny Filankevitry ny Mpanao Lalàna tamin'ny 29 Aprily fa azon'ireo masoivoho mpampihatra lalàna atao ny mangataka izay ilainy momba ny angon-drakitry ny mpampiasa (toy ny arana'ny kaonty, ny adiresy IP ary ny fomba fidirana aminy) eny anivon'ireo manome ny tolotra mba hikarohana vavolombelona, porofo na olona ahiahianay rehefa manadihady tranganà heloka bevava.
8Warrants are only required for seizure of communications content and documents, and no warrants are required for requests for metadata.Iklaina fotsiny ho an'ny fangiazana fitaovana fifaneraseràna sy antontan-taratasy ireo didy avoaka, ary tsy misy didy natao ho an'ny fangatahana angon-drakitra.
9That means there is no judicial scrutiny for the 23,946 user information requests the Hong Kong Police Force and the Customs and Excise Department have issued in the past five years.Midika izany fa tsy misy fanarahamason'ny lalàna tamin'ireo fangatahana ny mombamomba ireo mpampiasa niisa 23.946 navoakan'ny Polisin'i Hong Kong sy ny Departemantan'ny Fadin-tseranana sy ny Hetra tato anatin'ny dimy taona lasa.
10Law enforcement officials appear to believe that metadata, or “non-content” data, is not sensitive.Toy ny mino ireo manampahefana amin'ny fampiharana ny lalàna fa hoe tsy saropady ny metadata, na ny angon-drakitra “tsy votoaty”.
11But in the modern technology age, metadata can reveal a lot about a person.Saingy amin'izao vanim-potoanan'ny teknolojia maoderina izao, afaka milaza zavatra marobe moba ny olona iray ny metadata.
12Website logs of usage information and IP addresses, for instance, can tell the police when you login to a local forum and how long you stay at the forum.Ny fomba fidirana amin'ireo tranonkala amin'ny fampiasàna ny mombamomba ny tena sy ny adiresy IP, ohatra, dia afaka milaza amin'ny polisy rehefa miditra aminà toerana iray natao hifampiresahana ianao ary ny faharetan'ny nijanonanao tao amin'ilay sehatra.
13With the assistance of Internet service providers, police can also ascertain your physical location when you access the forum.Miaraka amin'ny fanampian'ireo mpanome tolotra aterineto, azon'ny polisy atao ihany koa ny mahafantatra ny toerana misy anao rehefa miditra amin'ilay sehatra fifanakalozan-dresaka.
14The development of big data and targeted advertising proves metadata is not “non-sensitive” at all.Ny fivoaran'ny angon-drakitra goavana sy ny dokambarotra manana tanjona kinendry dia manaporofo fa “tsy hoe tsy saropady” izany mihitsy ny metadata.
15If you consider how much companies can learn about you just by having access to your metadata, it is not hard to see how governments might do the same.Raha raisinao ny hoe firy ireo orinasa afaka mahafantatra ny momba anao amin'ny alàlan'ny fahafahany miditra fotsiny mijery my metadata momba anao, tsy sarotra ny mahita hoe tsy sarotra ho an'ny governemanta ny manao toy izany koa.
16Chiang Yam Wang, Hong Kong's privacy commissioner, raised concern over the lack of protection of Internet users' metadata in a recent blog post.Vao haingana, tao anaty lahatsoratra iray tamin'ny bilaogy, i Chiang Yam Wang, kaomisera ao Hong Kong misahana ny fiainana manokana, no nanasongadina ny ahiahy momba ny tsy fahampian'ny fiarovana ny metadata an'ireo mpampiasa aterineto.
17Chiang believes our metadata can be more revealing than the actual content of the communication.Mino i Chiang fa afaka manambara bebe kokoa noho ny tena votoatim-pifandraisana ny metadata-ntsika.
18Metadata portrays a detailed, comprehensive and time-stamped picture of who is communicating with whom, when, how often, and for how long; where the senders and recipients are located, who else is connected to whom, and so forth.Manome sary amin'ny antsipirihany, feno sy voafaritra araka ny fotoana momba ny olona mifandray amin'iza, oviana, impiry ary naharitra hafiriana, ny metadata; taizano toerana nisy ny mpiantso sy ny nantsoina, ary iza koa no hafa mbola mifandray amin'iza,sy ny maro tsy voatanisa.
19It thus reveals the details of our personal, political, social, financial, and working lives.Araka izany dia avoitran'io ireo antsipirihany amin'ny fiainantsika manokana, politika, sosialy, ara-bola sy ara-asa.
20Hong Kong's legal framework for regulating law enforcement's access to personal identification information has lagged behind other jurisdictions - even those thought of to be weak on privacy protections.Taraiky any aorian'ny resaka fanaovana lalàna hafa any ny faritra iasan'ny lalàna ao Hong Kong ho fitantanana ny fampiharana ny lalàna hidirana amin'ny mombamomba ny olona - ary na dia ireo eritreritra fahalemena amin'ny fiarovana ny fiainana manokana aza.
21For example, the United States' Electronic Communications Privacy Act, despite being under constant attack for its weak protections for metadata, sets out rules for law enforcement officers to follow when they compel service providers to release users' metadata.Ohatra, ny Lalàna Momba ny Fiainana Manokana amin'ny Finfandraisana Elektronika ao Etazonia, na dia iharan'ny fanenjehana tsy miato momba ny fahalemeny amin'ny fiarovana ny metadata, dia nametraka fepetra ho an'ireo manampahefana mpamihatra lalàna mba ho arahana rehefa mitaky raharaha amin'ireo mpanome tolotra aterinetoizy ireny hamoahana ny metadata momba ireo mpampiasa.
22Even the much-maligned Section 215 of the USA PATRIOT Act, passed in response to the attacks of September 11, requires court approval for bulk phone metadata collection.Na dia ilay Andalana 215 kiaina be ao anatin'ny USA PATRIOT Act aza, dia nolaniana ho setrin'ny fanafihana nitranga tamin'ny 11 Septambra, mila ny fankatoavan'ny fitsaràna amin'ny fakàna ambongadiny ireo metadata amin'ny finday.
23Legal experts have little faith in the particular court that oversees this provisions - in fact, a federal court ruled last week that the practice violated existing provisions.Kely finoana ireo manampahaizana manokana momba ny lalàna, indrindra fa amin'ny fitsaràna izay manara-maso ity fepetra ity - raha ny marina, hitan'ny fitsarana federaly iray ny fampiharana tsy mifanarakaamin'ny lalàm-panorenana,vao tamin'iny herinandro lasa iny.
24Yet even this standard exceeds what is provided in Hong Kong.Kanefa na dia io fenitra io aza dia mihoatra noho izay atolotra ao Hong Kong.
25Hong Kong also lacks clear guidelines on data retention, an issue that has recently developed in other parts of the world.Tsy ampy torolalanamazava ihany koa i Hong Kong raha resaka fitazonana ny angon-drakitra, olana iray izay nivoatra tany amin'ny toerana hafa manerana izao tontolo izao.
26This March, a judge in the Netherlands struck down the Dutch data retention law that requires telecom companies to store customers' data for one year and Internet providers for six months.Tamin'ny Martsa, nofoanan'ny mpitsaraira tao Pays-Bas ny the Dutch data retention law that requires telecom companies to store customers' data for one year and Internet providers for six months.
27The judge said that while the law helps fight crime it also breaches the privacy of telephone and Internet users.The judge said that while the law helps fight crime it also breaches the privacy of telephone and Internet users.
28In contrast, also in March, Australia passed a controversial security law that will force telecom and Internet service providers to store customers' personal data for two years to help law enforcement combat domestic terrorism.In contrast, also in March, Australia passed a controversial security law that will force telecom and Internet service providers to store customers' personal data for two years to help law enforcement combat domestic terrorism.
29When it comes to the “individual privacy versus public safety” debate, it is worth revisiting the notion proposed by legal theorist Robert Post: Privacy isn't the trumpeting of individual against society's interests, but the protection of the individual based on society's own norms and values.When it comes to the “individual privacy versus public safety” debate, it is worth revisiting the notion proposed by legal theorist Robert Post: Privacy isn't the trumpeting of individual against society's interests, but the protection of the individual based on society's own norms and values.
30Privacy issues involve balancing societal interests on both sides of the scale.Privacy issues involve balancing societal interests on both sides of the scale.
31It is upsetting to see Hong Kong, which prides itself on its rule of law, moving ahead without any laws or regulations to regulate and oversee police access to users' metadata.It is upsetting to see Hong Kong, which prides itself on its rule of law, moving ahead without any laws or regulations to regulate and oversee police access to users' metadata.
32And it is especially alarming when we think about its implications on the free flow of information and free speech.And it is especially alarming when we think about its implications on the free flow of information and free speech.
33The loss of online privacy is certainly not the price Hong Kong citizens want to pay to stay away from those who are actually committing crimes.The loss of online privacy is certainly not the price Hong Kong citizens want to pay to stay away from those who are actually committing crimes.
34Jennifer Zhang is a researcher at Hong Kong Transparency Report, Journalism and Media Studies Centre, The University of Hong Kong.Jennifer Zhang is a researcher at Hong Kong Transparency Report, Journalism and Media Studies Centre, The University of Hong Kong.