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1 | Chungui: Digging up the Horror of Terrorism in Peru | Chungui: Famongarana Ny Zava-dozan'ny Fampihorohoroana Tany Però |
2 | Chungui, the district, is part of the La Mar province in the Ayacucho region. | Anatin'ny faritanin'i La Mar, ao amin'ny faritr'i Ayacucho ny distrikan'i Chungui. |
3 | A part of the district is known as the Oreja de Perro (Dog Ear) because of its resemblance on a map. | Fantatra amin'ny hoe Oreja de Perro (Sofin'Alika) ny ampahan'io distrika io noho ny fitoviany eo amin'ny sarintany. |
4 | Picture by Moner Lizana from the web site chungui.info | Sary an'i Moner Lizana avy ao amin'ny vohikala chungui.info |
5 | Thirty years ago, hundreds of civilians were victims [es] of the terrorist group Shining Path and of the counterinsurgency actions of the Peruvian government forces in the Chungui and Oreja de Perro (Dog Ear) [es] communities, in the Ayacucho region. | Telopolo taona lasa izay, olom-pirenena an-jatony no niharan'ny [es] herisetran'ny vondrona mpampihorohoro Shining Path (Sentier Lumineux) sy ireo hetsika fanoheran'ireo herin'ny governemanta Peroviana ny fikomian'ireo vondrom-piarahamonina tao Chungui sy tany Oreja de Perro (Sofin'Alika) [es], any amin'ny faritr'i Ayacucho. |
6 | Many of these victims were buried in unknown mass graves, and the exhumation and identification of their remains has just recently begun. | Maro tamin'ireo maty ireo no nalevina tanaty lavaka iombonam-be tsy fantatra, ary vao haingana no nanomboka ny famongarana sy ny famantarana ny taolam-balon'izy ireo. |
7 | The terrorist group Shining Path was born precisely in Ayacucho, and its strategy was to arm the poor and traditionally exploited countrymen to besiege the major cities in the country. | Tao Ayacucho no teraka ny vondrona mpampihorohoro Shining Path, ary ny paikadiny dia ny fanomezana fitaovam-piadiana ho an'ireo mahantra mpiray tanindrazana sy noararaotina ara-pomban-drazana hatry ny fahagola mba hanaovana fahirano ireo tanàn-dehibe teo amin'ny firenena. |
8 | The implementation of this strategy meant that many peasants were forced to become part of Shining Path or help the armed cells in various ways, which in the eyes of the Army qualified these peasants as terrorists. | Ny fampandehanana io tetika io dia midika fa maro tamin'ireo tambanivohitra no voatery niditra ho mpikambana tao amin'ny Shining Path na nanampy ireo antoko mitam-piadiana tamin'ny endriny maro, izay araka ny fahitan'ireo tafika dia mpampihorohoro ireo tambanivolo ireo. |
9 | The Truth and Reconciliation Commission, established to investigate the political violence that plagued the country in the 1980s and 1990s, released the testimonies [es] gathered in Chungui and Oreja de Perro in their final report, with a timeline of the events that took place from 1967 to 1995. | Ny Komitin'ny Fahamarinana sy Fampiraisana, izay natsangana mba hanadihady ny herisetra ara-politika nanjaka tao amin'ny firenena nandritra ireo taona 1980 sy 1990, dia namoaka ireo fijoroana vavolombelona [es] voaangona tany Chungui sy Oreja de Perro ireo tanatin'ny tatitra farany nataony, miaraka amin'ny vanim-potoana nitrangan'ireo toe-javatra ireo tamin'ny 1967-1995. |
10 | After reading this story, it is clear that the district suffered not one or two attacks, but many armed assaults and intimidation actions by Shining Path during the 1980s, including the massive killing of community members and the execution of civil authorities. | Taorian'ny namakiana ity tantara ity, mazava fa tsy fanafihana iray na roa ihany no nihatra tamin'ilay faritra, fa fanafihana mitam-piadiana maro sy hetsika fandrahonana nataon'i Shining Path nandritra ny taona 1980, tao anatin'izany ny famonoana mpikambana marobe tao anatin'ilay vondrom-piarahamonina sy ny famonoana ho faty ireo tompon'andraikitra ara-piarahamonina. |
11 | There were allegedly 1,384 terrorism victims in the Chungi district alone. | Novinavinaina ho 1384 ireo niharan'ny fampihorohoroana tao amin'ny faritr'i Chungui fotsiny. |
12 | This is what a woman who witnessed the Santa Carmen massacre in 1982 told the commission: | Izao no voalazanà vehivavy iray, izay vavolombelona tamin'ny famonoana tany Santa Carmen ny taona 1982, tamin'ny komity: |
13 | These men had a big book with them and they called a list and said my dad's name, pronouncing XZ and taking him outside; so my dad was called XZ, “here boss”, my dad answered. | Nanana boky be ireo lehilahy ireo teny aminy ary niantso anaran'olona izy ireo ka nanonona ny anaran-draiko, niteny hoe XZ ary nitondra azy nivoaka, noho izany dia XZ no fiantso an-draiko, “izaho sefo”, hoy ny navaliny. |
14 | They said, well, well, they are calling you, run, run, they are calling your from there, and they made him run to the school. | Tsara, tsara, hoy izy ireo, miantso anao izy ireo, mihazakazaha mihazakazaha, miantso ny anaranao avy any izy ireo, sady nasainy nihazakazaka hatrany an-tsekoly izy. |
15 | Various persons were waiting for him behind, like six or seven were waiting, and around the wall there were more people. | Olona samihafa no niandry azy avy ao aoriana, teo amin'ny enina na fito teo, ary olona maherin'izay kosa no nanodidina ny rindrina. |
16 | Then my dad got there and as soon as he faced his back to the school, one of them took him from behind and started kicking him and when my dad tried to defend himself, he was stabbed. | Avy eo tonga teo ny raiko ary raha vao nanome lamosina ilay sekoly izy, noraisin'ny iray tamin'izy ireo avy ao aoriana izy ary nanomboka nodarohany, ary raha iny andeha hiezaka hiaro-tena iny ny raiko, dia voatsindrona antsy. |
17 | The story continues: | Mitohy ny tantara: |
18 | They stuck a knive into his back and my dad starts to punch and kick and pah, pah, pah. | Notsatohan'izy ireo antsy ny lamosiny ka nanomboka nidaroka sy nandaka ny raiko, ary pah, pah, pah. |
19 | They throw him and step on him and my dad didn't die; but when he was stabbed again in the belly and the heart my dad yelled: “ayyyyyyy, ayyyyyyynoooo” only three times. | Natsipin'izy ireo izy ary nohitsahiny nefa tsy maty ny raiko, saingy rehefa mbola voatsatoky ny antsy indray teo amin'ny kibony sy teo amin'ny fony, nihiaka ny raiko hoe: “ayyyyyyy, ayyyyyyytsiaaaa” intelo monja. |
20 | And then, after that, they called another gentleman from the list and then too, he replied “here”, and was asked also to run, run; and then again another one, run. | Ary avy eo, taorian'io, niantso lehilahy iray tanatin'ilay lisitra indray izy ary avy eo koa dia namaly izy hoe “izaho”, nilazany koa io hihazakazaka, hihazakazaka; ary avy eo hafa indray, nihazakazaka. |
21 | The list goes on, and eight people died. | Dia nitohy ny lisitra, ka olona valo no maty. |
22 | On January 2013 the remains of 78 exhumed victims of the Chungui zone [es] were delivered to their families [es], and this was only the beginning. | Ny volana Janoary 2013, nomena ireo fianakaviany [es] ireo taolambalo sisa tavela an'ireo 78 niharan'ny herisetra tao amin”ny faritr'i Chungui ka nofongarana[es], ary mbola fanombohany fotsiny izany. |
23 | The same year, in August, the Specialized Forensics Team (EFE) - a unit of the Public Prosecutor's Office, announced [es] the finding of human remains of 200 people in mass graves in the Oreja de Perro zone and the beginning of the work to get them back to their families. | Io taona io ihany, ny volana Aogositra, nanambara ny fisianà taolambalo miisa 200 hita tao amin'ny lavaka iombonam-be tao amin'ny faritr'i Oreja de Perro ny Ekipa Ara-tsiansa Voatokana Hisahana ny Heloka Bevava (EFE) - singa iray ao amin'ny Biraon'ny Mpampanoa lalàm-bahoaka, ary koa ny fanombohan'ny asa famerenana izany any amin'ireo fianakaviany. |
24 | The forensics team chief, Ivan Rivasplata, said [es] that it is still uncertain if these persons were victims of Shining Path or the Army. | Nilaza [es] i Ivan Rivasplata, filohan'ilay ekipa ara-tsiansa, fa mbola sarotra ny hilazàna raha niharan'ny herisetran'ny Shining Path ireo olona ireo na an'ny Miaramila. |
25 | The chronicle [es] of the exhumation process, published by a local newspaper, is a painful re-count of the years of terror and how, even though so much time has passed, the mourners are interested in recovering whatever is left of their assassined family members; and they help by giving all the necessary information to find more mass graves and undercover burial sites. | Ny fandaharam-potoana nizoran'ny famongarana [es], izay navoakan'ny gazety tao an-toerana, dia fitanisana vaovao mankarary fo an'ireo taona maro sy ny antony, eny fa na dia efa ela aza izany, mbola mahasarika ireo mpisaona haka ny taolambalo sisan'ny fianakaviany nisy namono, sady nanampy izy ireo tamin'ny fanomezana ireo fanazavana rehetra ilaina mba hahitana fasana iombonam-be hafa sy toerana fandevenana tsy ara-dalàna. |
26 | “In this town [Amaybamba] waits Valentín Casa Quispe, a young 36-year-old muleteer who carries in his 10 sumpters all the baggage and tools for the exhumations. | “Ity tanàna ity [Amaybamba] dia miandry an'i Valentín Casa Quispe, tanora 36 taona mpiandry ampondra izay mitondra miaraka amin'ny biby fiompiny 10 ireo entana sy fitaovana ho an'ny famongarana. |
27 | He has a special interest in helping the prosecution team, because he thinks that in one of the mass graves he'll find the remains of his murdered mother, who died in 1986 when he was a 9 year-old boy.” | Liana manokana amin'ny fanampiana ny ekipan'ny mpampanoa lalàna izy, satria mihevitra izy fa anatin'ny iray amin'ireo lavaka be nandevenana ireo no hahitany ny taolambalon-dreniny nisy namono, maty ny taona 1986 raha mbola vao zazalahikely 9 taona izy.” |
28 | Many children were left orphaned and had to manage [es] to survive by any means. | Maro ireo zaza no lasa kamboty tsy fidiny sady tsy maintsy nikarataka [es] mba hamelomany irery ny tenany amin'ny fomba rehetra. |
29 | “Eugenia was 7 years old when her sisters were executed in the town of Chaupimayo and her dad in the military base of Mollebamba in 1984. | “7 taona monja i Eugenia raha voavono ho faty tao amin'ny tanànan'i Chaupimayo ireo rahavaviny, ary ny rainy tao amin'ny toby miaramilan'i Mollebamba, ny taona 1984. |
30 | After this tragedy, the girl spent two years in the mountains eating parboiled herbs and raw corn. | Taorian'io loza io, namakivaky roa taona tany an-tendrombohitra tamin'ny fihinana bozaka nomasamasahana sy katsaka manta ilay zazavavikely. |
31 | […] ‘When the army captured me and took me to Mollebamba, I was already 9′. | [.. .] “Efa 9 taona aho raha nisambotra sy nitondra ahy tany Mollebamba ny tafika”. |
32 | The military handed her to a countrywoman, Lorenza Hurtado, who forced her to put her cattle out to pasture and serve inside her home. | Nomen'ny tafika an'i Lorenza Hurtado, vehivavy tantsaha iray izy, izay nanery azy hiandry ireo biby fiompiny miraoka ahitra sy hanompo azy”. |
33 | ‘The lady mistrated me, she yelled at me and always told everyone in the community that she took in a little terrorist'. | Nampijaly ahy ilay ramatoa, nivazavaza ahy sady nilaza foana tamin'ny olona eo amin'ny fiarahamonina fa nampiantrano mpampihorohoro kely izy». |
34 | A year later, her uncle, Antonio Quispe Nieve, rescued her and took her to Andahuaylas.” | Herintaona taty aoriana, nanavotra azy ny dadatoany, Antonio Quispe Nieve, ka nitondra azy nankany Andahuaylas.” |
35 | Despite everything, you could say Eugenia was lucky compared to they children who lost both their parents and their identity when they were not murdered. | Na teo aza anefa izany rehetra izany, azo lazaina fa nanam-bintana i Eugenia raha oharina amin'ireo ankizy izay kamboty ray sy reny sady tsy nahalala akory izay momba azy, raha toa tsy voavono. |
36 | Out of the 56 victims that were found in Chungui, 26 are kids | Amin'ireo 56 niharan'ny herisetra hita tany Chungui, ny 26 dia zaza avokoa |
37 | Journalist Jacqueline Fowks, on the blog NoticiasSer, shared the story of Rigoberto and Marina's little brother. | Nizara ny tantaran'ny zandrilahy kelin'i Rigoberto sy Marina ny mpanao gazety Jacqueline Fowks tao amin'ny bilaogy NoticiasSer. |
38 | They asked the army to take him by helicopter to the Huamanga Hospital because he was very sick. | Niangavy ny tafika izy ireo mba hitondra azy amin'ny angidimby ho any amin'ny toeram-pitsaboana any Huamanga satria narary mafy izy. |
39 | After that, they never heard from him again. | Nony avy teo, tsy nahazo vaovao momba azy intsony izy ireo. |
40 | The journalist adds [es]: | Nanampy [es] ilay mpanao gazety fa: |
41 | This is not an isolated case. | Tsy tokana io tranga io. |
42 | A health worker from Ayacucho has refered to workers and social assisstants from that time who took by helicopter sick or injured kids, or children whose communities were ravaged; and then, they never gave them back. | Nisy mpiasan'ny fahasalamana iray avy ao Ayacucho niresaka mikasika ireo mpiasa sy ireo mpiasa sosialy tamin'izany fotoana izay nitondra tamin'ny angidimby ireo ankizy marary na maratra, na ireo zaza izay anatin'ny vondrom-piarahamonina ravan'ny ady; ary avy eo, tsy naveriny intsony ireo. |
43 | They took them to orphanages, with no name, and later workers registered them as their own. | Nateriny tany amin'ireo mpikarakara zaza kamboty, tsy manana anarana, ary aty aoriana dia noraiketin'ireo mpiasa ho tahaka ny azy ireo (naterany). |
44 | In the blog GranComboClub, the economist Silvio Rendón after reviewing the violent story of Chungui and Oreja de Perro, compares and concludes [es]: | Teo amin'ny bilaogy GranComboClub, nampitaha sy nanatsoaka hevitra [es] ilay manam-pahaizana mikasika ny toekarena, Silvio Rendón, taorian'ny fandinihany ilay tantara feno herisetra tany Chungui sy Oreja de Perro: |
45 | The Chungui area was the stage of an insurgent-counterinsurgency war during the eighties and nineties and today is part of the “VRAE”, the valley of the rivers Apurimac and Ene, a coca zone where there are still armed actions against the Peruvian state. | Sehatry ny ady nampifanandrina ireo mpanohitra sy ireo toherina ny faritr'i Chungui nandritra ny taona valopolo sy sivifolo ary ankehitriny dia anisan'ny “VRAE”, lohasahan'ireo reniranon'i Apurimac sy Ene, faritry ny coca (rongony) izay mbola ahitana hetsika mitam-piadiana manohitra ny fitondrana Peroviana. |
46 | What happened 45 years ago is a sign of issues that persist in recent Peruvian history. | Marik'olana mbola mahazo vahana eo amin'ny tantaran'ny Peroviana ny zava-nitranga 45 taona lasa izay. |
47 | And as we saw in 1965: Gran Pajonal uprising [es], there was no “truth commission”, no military trials, no accusations, nothing of the sort. | Ary tahaka ny hitanay tamin'ny 1965: fanoheran'i Gran Pajonal [es], tsy nisy “komitin'ny fahamarinana”, tsy nisy fitsarana miaramila, tsy nisy fanamelohana, sy ny tahaka izany. |
48 | Things just stayed as they were. | Nijanona ho tahaka ny hatrizay ny zava-drehetra. |
49 | Thirty years after the massacres, in 2013, it seems that at least the victims and their families will recover some dignity and memory. | Telopolo taona taorian'ny famonoana, ny taona 2013, toa tsikaritra fa farafaha-ratsiny mba hiverina ny fahamendrehana sy fahatsiarovana sasantsasany ho an'ireo niharan'ny herisetra sy ny fianakavian'izy ireo. |