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1Russia: Bloggers Remember 20th Anniversary of August CoupRosia: Ireo Bilaogera Nahatsiaro ny Fitsingerenan'ny faha 20 taonan'ny Fanonganam-panjakana ny Volana Aogositra
2On August 19, 2011, Russians commemorate 20 years since the “August Putsch,” (August Coup) a failed coup d'etat conducted by a number of KGB officers and military units who were opposed to Gorbachev's reform program and decentralisation of power to the Soviet republics.Ny 19 Aogositra 2011, Ny Rosiana dia nankalaza ny faha 20 taona nanomboka tamin'ilay “August Putsch,” ( Fanonganam-panjakana ny Volana Aogositra) “coup d'etat” tsy nahomby, notarihin'ny manampahefana vitsivitsy avy tao amin'ny KGB sy andianà miaramila izay nanohitra ny fandaharan'asam-panovan'i Gorbachev sy ny fanapariahana ny fahefana any amin'ireo Repoblika Sovietika.
3Citizens took to the streets to defend the White House, the then-residence of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, against the coup.Notarihana teny an-dalambe ny mponina mba hiaro ny “White House / Trano Fotsy” na ny Lapam-panjakana, ilay Tranon'ny Sovieta Faran-tampony an'ny Federasiona Rosiana , manohitra ilay fanonganam-panjakana.
4The Russian blogosphere - divided as usual - has been discussing the 20th anniversary of the Coup, an event which has numerous contesting interpretations.Ny tontolon'ny Bilaogy Rosiana - mizarazara toy ny mahazatra - dia niresahana ilay Fitsingerenan'ny faha 20 taonan'ilay Fanonganam-panjakana, tranga iray izay nahitana karazana fandikana maro mahabe resaka.
5Will bloggers succeed in transferring the hope for democracy and freedom felt by the defenders of the government to the younger generation?Hahomby ve ny bilaogera amin'ny fampitàna ho any amin'ny tanora ny fanantenana ny hisian'ny Demokrasia sy ny fahafahana izay tsapan'ireo mpiaro ny governemanta ?
6Boris Yeltsin, in front of the White House, Moscow, 19 August 1991.Boris Yeltsin, teo anoloan'ny Lapam-panjakana, Mosko, 19 Aogositra 1991.
7Photo: ITAR-TASS, WikipediaSary : ITAR-TASS, Wikipedia
8Betrayal or democratic victory?Famadihana sa fandresena ara-demokratika?
9Detailed diaries of the Coup period have been shared online by oleg_kozyrev [ru], yustas [ru] (Sergey Yushenkov, whose father actively defended the White House), babushkinskaya [ru], hasid [ru], Adele Kalinichenko [ru] at ej.ru, and others.Diary manoritsoritra ny fotoanan'ilay fanonganam-panjakana no nozaraina tanaty aterineto nataon'i oleg kozyrev [ru], yustas [ru] (Sergey Yushenkov, ny rainy dia isan'ny mafana fo niaro ny Lapam-panjakana), babushkinskaya [ru], hasid [ru], Adele Kalinichenko [ru] ao amin'ny ej.ru, sy ireo hafa.
10Mikhail Gorbachov, former president of the USSR, gave a detailed interview at Echo.msk.ru [ru].Mikhail Gorbachov, filoha teo aloha tao USSR, dia nitafatafa tamin'ny antsipirihany tao amin'ny Echo.msk.ru [ru].
11Boris Akunin, a famous writer, recollected [ru]:Boris Akunin, mpanoratra malaza, nahatsiahy [ru]:
12This was one of the most important moments in my life.Mandritra izany, misy ihany koa ireo manohana ireo [ru] mpihoko :
13For the first time, when I was 35, I understood that's my home, that's my country. […] The August events of 1991 - they are the only thing our generation can be respectful of.Ny 21 Aogositra [ny fiafaran'ilay fanonganana sy ny faharesen'ny hery mpanohana ny Demokrasia ] niha-nazava tamiko ny raharaha , fa lasan'ireo fahavalo ny fireneko, nisy famadihana tao amin'ny Kremlin, ary tokony hampitraotra ahy izany.
14So far, alas, there's nothing [else] to be proud of. At the same time, there were also those who supported [ru] the conspirators:[…] Toy ny hoe , ankoatra ny telo taminay , tsy nisy nahatsikaritra ilay famadihana tao amin'ny Kremlin sy ny fananihan'ny fahavalo ny Firenensika.
15On August 21 [the end of the Coup and the victory of pro-democracy forces] it became clear to me, that my country was conquered by the enemies, there's a betrayal in the Kremlin, and I should go guerrilla.
16[…] It seemed, that except the three of us, no one had noticed the betrayal in the Kremlin and the enemy occupation of our Motherland.
17Despite supporting the idea of the Coup, conservative user ros_sea_ru wrote [ru] he was proud to be with the people against the KGB, even the people ‘were wrong at that time.'Na dia eo aza ny fanohanana ny hevitry ny fanonganam-panjakana, ilay ‘conservateur' mpampiasa ros_sea_ru dia nanoratra fa [ru] faly izy tafaraka amin'ny olona manohitra ny KGB, na dia ‘diso aza ny olona tamin'izany fotoana izany'.
18Blogger Hasid, wrote [ru] that 1991 was probably the only time, when Russia had a national idea:i Hasid, bilaogera, dia nanoratra [ru] fa ny taona 1991 angamba no fotoana tokana, mba nananàn'i Rosia hevitra ny hoe firenena:
19[the idea was that] Russia should be the part of the European space (not only in terms of geography, but also culture, law, and other spheres).[izao ilay hevitra ] Rosia dia tokony ho ao anatin'ny tontolon'i Eropa (tsy ara-jeografika ihany, fa ara-kolotoraly koa , lalàna , ary amin'ny tontolo hafa).
20[…] In 1991 there was this idea, but the majority couldn't formulate it due to many centuries of our vocal ligament atrophy, but inside this idea was alive.[…] Ny taona 1991 no nisy izany hevitra izany, kanefa ny ankamaroany tsy nahavita namoaka izany noho ny fifintinan'ny tadim-peotsika (noho isika tsy nihetsika) efa taonjato maro izay, saingy ao anaty dia mbola velona hatranby ilay hevitra .
21The idea that now the borders will be opened, the military guards and all officials of our colonial factory will be lustrated.Ilay hevitra hoe hosokafana amin'izay ny sisintany , ny miaramila mpiambina ary ny manampahefana rehetra orinasa mpanjanaka antsika dia ho voahilika avokoa.
22Independent court system, multi-party system, and the following basic set of all proper virtues of ‘the white people.'Rafi-pitsarana mahaleotena, rafitra ahitàna antoko maro , ary ireto toetra fototra manaraka ireto mampiavaka ny ‘olona fotsy hoditra.'
23Generation gap - Important threat for the blogosphereHantsana eo amin'ny taranaka mifandimby - Loza mananontanona ho an'ny tontolon'ny bilaogy.
24Russian bloggers from different political clusters of the blogosphere reflect on the August 1991 events almost every year, comparing the dramatic events with the contemporary political situation (see Global Voices reports from 2006 and 2007).Miresaka io Aogositra 1991 io ao amin'ny tontolon'ny bilaogy, saika isan-taona mihitsy ireo bilaogera Rosiana avy amin'ny antoko politika, mampitaha ilay raharaha amin'ny raharaha politika amin'izao fotoana izao (jereo ny fanadihadihana Global Voices tamin'ny 2006 sy 2007).
25The reflections and recollections change from year to year, as does the overall discourse on the event.Ny fisaintsainana sy ny fahatsiarovana dia miovaova isan-taona, toy ny kabary rehetra atao momba ilay olana.
26A survey [ru], conducted by the Levada Center since 1994, indicates that the perception of the Coup has significantly changed from a ‘routine power struggle episode' (the dominant interpretation in the 1990s) to a historical point ‘that had dramatic consequences for the country and its people' (see illustration below).Fanadihadiana iray [ru], nataon'i the Levada Center nanomboka ny taona 1994, no naneho mazava fa ny fomba fahitàna ilay fanonganam-panjakana dia tena niova, niainga tamin'ny hoe ‘tolona hahazo fahefàna' (fomba filàza tena nahazo laka ny taona 1990) nankamin'ny hoe teboka manan-tantara' izay nisy fiantraikany goavana ho an'ny firenena sy ny mponina ao aminy' (jereo ny sary eto ambany).
27Reactions to August Coup in Russia, 1994-2011.Fanehoan-kevitra mikasika ny fanonganam-panjakana tao Rosia ny volana Aogositra , 1994-2011.
28Source: Levada.ru, Illustration: Alexey SidorenkoLoharano: Levada.ru, Sary: Alexey Sidorenko
29At the same time, it is only the educated and more professional minority (7-10 percent of the population) that supports the ‘democratic' version of the event; interestingly, this percentage was not that different in the 1990s - before the Internet was widely introduced.Mandritra izany, ny vitsy an'isa nahita fianarana sy manam-pahaizana manokana (7-10 isan-jaton'ny mponina ) ihany no manohana ny maha-‘ demokratika' ilay tranga ; mahavariana, io isan-jato io dia tsy misy maha samihafa azy tamin'ny an'ny taona 1990 - talohan'ny nampidirana malalaka ny aterineto.
30The interpretation of the August Coup is also age-dependent.Ny fandikàna ilay fanonganam-panjakana ihany koa dia arakaraky ny taona.
31While for those bloggers who personally remember the events (and some of them were among the actual defenders of the White House), the failure of the coup was something to be proud of, it is likely that younger bloggers completely miss its historical importance.Raha ho an'ireo bilaogera izay mahatsiaro manokana ilay tranga (ny sasany amin'izy ireo dia isan'ny niaro marina tokoa ny Trano Fotsy ), ny tsy fahombiazan'ilay fanonganam-panjakana dia zavatra nampirehareha, toy ny hoe tsy fantatr'ireo bilaogera tena mbola tanora ny lanjan'izany ara-tantara..
32Oleg Kozyrev mocked [ru] the contemporary ‘mythical' narrative of the August Coup actively pushed by propagandists, like Nikolay Starikov, one of the main ideologists of the pro-Kremlin ‘Nashi' youth movement (see his interpretation here [ru]):Oleg Kozyrev dia nihomehy [ru] ilay fitantarana ‘angano' maoderina mikasika ilay fanonganam-panjakana ny volana Aogositra izay tena ampiasain'ireo mpanao propagandy , tahaka an'i Nikolay Starikov, iray amin'ireo mpiaro ny tsanga-kevitra Kremlin ‘Nashi' - hetsiky ny tanora (jereo ny filazàny azy ato [ru]):
33KGB patriots that cared about the country wanted to save it from collapse.Ireo KGB tia tanindrazana izay nihevitra izay hahasoa ny firenena dia nikasa ny hamonjy azy amin'ny fahasemporana.
34[…] This is why they brought military forces to Moscow […] But then the United States intervened.[…] Izay no antony nitondran'izy ireo hery miaramila ho ao Mosko […] Kanefa nirotsaka an-tsehatra i Etazonia.
35They hired Yeltsin to destroy the USSR.Nanakaràma an'i Yeltsin hanimba an'i URSS izy ireo .
36[…] Yeltsin surrounded the White House with the people whom he constantly fooled.[…] Nohodidinin'i Yeltsin niaraka tamin'ireo olona nadalainy hatrizay ny Trano Fotsy.
37And this is why the coup somehow ended and Yeltsin took the power.Ary izay no niafaran'ilay fanonganana, tsy hay hoe ahoana, ka dia niraisin'i Yeltsin ny fahefana.
38The democrats had immediately stolen everything and the country that was leading a life of luxury [e.g. see some pics of the 1991 situation here] in a moment became empty and poor.Nangalarin'ireo Demokraty ny zavatra rehetra ary nitondra ny fiainana feno fiadanan'ilay firenena [e.g. jereo ny sary sasany tamin'ny tranga ny taona 1991 ato] tanaty fotoana fohy ho amin'ny fahabangana sy fahantrana.
39Whatever discourse dominates online, some of the conspirators' ideas from 1991 are evident in 2011, as Andrey Malgin sadly noted [ru]:Na inona na inona kabary mahazo laka anaty aterineto, ny hevitr'ireo mpihoko sasany tamin'ny 1991 dia mivandravandra aty amin'ny 2011, araka ny nambaran'i Andrey Malgin tamin'alahelo [ru]:
40From the Decree No.1 of Government Committee of the Extraordinary Situation (GKChP) in USSR (August 19, 1991): 4. Stop the activity of political parties, civil society organizations, and mass movements.Avy ao amin'ny Didy hitsivolana No.1 an'i Komitin'ny Governemanta momba ny Raharaha Tsy ara-potoana (GKChP) ao URSS (19 Aogositra , 1991): 4. Ajanony ny hetsik'ireo antoko politika, fikambanana fiarahamonina sivily, ary ny hetsi-bahoaka.
41[…] 8. Take control over the mass media…[…] 8. Fehezo ny haino aman-jery…