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1Morocco: English as the Second LanguageMaraoka: Ny teny Anglisy ho Teny fampiasa faharoa
2This post is part of our special coverage Languages and the Internet. In a recent interview with African Writing Online, Laila Lalami, a Moroccan-American author, elaborates on her educational upbringing.Ao anatin'ny resadresaka nifanaovana vao haingana niaraka tamin'ny African Writing Online, mamelabelatra mikasika ny fanabeazana ara-pampianarana azony i Laila Lalami, mpanoratra Maraokana - Amerikana.
3Lalami grew up speaking Moroccan Arabic, but it was not until she was a teenager that she “finally came across Moroccan novels, written by Moroccan authors, and featuring Moroccan characters.”Notaizana tamin'ny fiteny Arabo Maraokana i Lalami, fa nanomboka tamin'ny fahatanoràna vao “namaky bokin-tantara Maraokana, nosoratana mpanoratra Maraokana, ary ahitana mpandray anjara Maraokana ao anatiny.”
4This is primarily because Lalami attended a French school as a child.Ny tena anton'izany voalohany dia satria nianatra tany amin'ny sekoly Frantsay i Lalami fony kely.
5She says:Hoy izy :
6“French was the language in which I was first exposed to literature, beginning with children's comics like Tintin and Asterix, through young adult novels like those of Alexandre Dumas, all the way to classics like those of Victor Hugo.”“Ny teny Frantsay no teny nahalalako voalohany ny haisoratra, nanomboka tamin'ireo boky fampihomehezana toy ny Tintin sy Asterix, ireo boky tantaran-jatovo toy ny an'i Alexandre Dumas, hatramin'ireo boky mahazatra toy ny an'i Victor Hugo.”
7Nonetheless, Lalami published her first novel, Secret Son, in English after earning a Ph.D in linguistics from the University of Southern California.Na izany aza i Lalami dia namoaka ny bokin-tantarany voalohany, Secret Son, amin'ny teny Anglisy taorian'ny nahazoany ny diplaoma ambony Doctorat mikasika ny teny sy ny soratra tao amin'ny Anjerimanontolo any California Atsimo.
8Lalami's experience is quite common for a student in Morocco.Saika efa mahazatra ny traikefan'i Lalami raha ho an'ny mpianatra any Maraoka.
9Said Bellari, a writer for Moroccoboard.com, advocates the gradual eradication of the dependence on the French language, and the introduction of English as the official second language of Morocco.I Said Bellari, mpanoratra ho an'ny Moroccoboard.com, dia manolo-kevitra ny fanalàna tsikelikely ny fiankinan-doha amin'ny teny Frantsay, ary ny fampidirana ny teny Anglisy ho teny ofisialy faharoa ampiasaina any Maraoka.
10In his essay, he introduces a newfangled concept known as “disliteracy:”Ao amin'ny famelabelarana nataony, manolotra ny fomba fijery vaovao fantatra amin'ny hoe “fanalàna fahaizana mamaky teny sy manoratra” izy :
11“It means that they are speaking the wrong language in Morocco amongst themselves and with the rest of the world.“Midika izany fa miteny tenim-pirenena diso ry zareo any Maraoka, amin'ny izy samy izy sy amin'izao tontolo izao.
12Because of that we fail to go with the global flow and we isolate ourselves more and more from the development growth of other areas abroad like the one in South East Asia.Noho izany dia tsy mahavita manaraka ny fanatontoloana isika ary misintaka tsikelikely amin'ny fitomboan'ny fivoarana any amin'ireo faritra hafa any ivelany toy ny any Azia Atsimo Atsinanana ohatra.
13Just to be clear from the onset: with this assertion I do not want to say that we should stop speaking Arabic in Morocco.Mba hazava tsara hatrany am-boalohany aloha: miaraka amin'ity fanamarihana ity, tsy miteny aho hoe tokony hijanona tsy hiteny Arabo intsony isika aty Maraoka.
14Allah yastar (May Allah have mercy)!Allah yastar (Hitahy antsika anie Allah )!
15Not in the least, perhaps we should do that even more.Tsy izany mihitsy, angamba aza tokony hanao izany misimisy kokoa isika.
16With it I mean in fact that we should aim to fade out the French language as soon as possible.Mazava ho azy fa ny tiako hambara izany dia hoe tokony hikendry ny hampihena ny fampiasana ny teny Frantsay isika araka izay haingana indrindra.
17Simultaneously we should give the English language a fresh stimulus in all aspects of Moroccan society and let it take its place as a second language of Morocco.Eo andanin'izany, tokony hanome tosika vaovao ny teny Anglisy isika eo amin'ny lafiny maro amin'ny fiaraha-monina Maraokana, ary hamela azy handray ny toerany amin'ny maha-teny fampiasa faharoa any Maraoka azy.
18French should not even be 3rd or 4th language for that matter.Tsy tokony ho fiteny fampiasa faha-3 na faha-4 akory ny teny Frantsay amin'izany resaka izany.
19This change from a francophone to an “Arab-Anglophone” country will introduce a second era of Istiqlal (independence).”Hanomboka vanim-potoana faharoa amin'ny Istiqal ( fahaleovantena) ity fiovana amin'ny tany miteny frantsay ho amin'ny tany miteny ” Arabo-Anglisy” ity.”
20Language is a key component in the formation of a society.Isan'ny fanalahidy iray eo amin'ny fananganana fiaraha-monina ny tenim-pirenena.
21Societies come together based on common values and one objective is to form a way to communicate with one another in order to flourish.Mifototra amin'ireo soatoavina iraisana ny fiforonan'ireo fiaraha-monina ary tanjona iray ny hamoronana làlana hifaneraseran'ny tsirairay mba hiroboroboana.
22Bellari writes that it is self-destructive for the Moroccan society to continue to keep French as a second language:Manoratra i Bellari fa fanimban-tena ho an'ny fiaraha-monina Maraokana ny manohy mitazona ny teny Frantsay ho fiteny fampiasa faharoa :
23“Every Moroccan academician, scientist, entrepreneur, artist, writer, doctor, politician or whatever key societal character, will easily admit that French is still the Master of the Moroccan Universe.“Hanaiky mora foana izay Maraokana akademisiana, manam-pahaizana ara-tsiansa, mpandraharaha, mpanakanto, mpanoratra, dokotera, mpanao politika na izay rehetra manana anjara toerana ambony eo amin'ny fiaraha-monina, fa ny teny Frantsay no mbola Tompon'ny Tontolo Maraokana.
24In more than 50 years France has still succeeded in keeping the illusion in Morocco alive and kicking that we need our historical and cultural ties with it.”Tao anatin'ny 50 taona mahery, mbola nahavita nampino ny Maraoka i Frantsa fa mbola mila mitazona ireo fatotra ara-tantara sy ara-kolotsaina aminy isika.”
25Although it has been 55 years since Morocco gained its independence, French influences are still quite evident.Na dia efa 55 taona aza izay no nahazoan'i Maraoka ny fahaleovantenany, mbola hita taratra mazava foana ny herin'i Frantsa.
26Language is self-referential tool used to express social identity.Ny tenim-pirenena dia fitaovana hanondroana ny tena sy hanehoana ny mombamomba ny fiaraha-monina.
27Every language offers its own tones, gestures, facial expressions, and accents.Ny tenim-pirenena tsirairay dia samy manana ireo lantom-peony, ireo fihetsiny, ireo fanehoana fihetseham-po amin'ny endrika, ary ireo tsindrim-peony.
28It also comes with a heavy history.Tonga miaraka amin'ny tantara mavesatra ihany koa izany.
29In this case, Bellari says:Hoy i Bellari amin'izany:
30“For the remaining part, French as a Lingua Franca in Moroccan society, consciously, but even more unconsciously, still reminds us of being slaves, of being dependent, of being backward, of being unable and of being all the things that second rate people are, or better phrased: of being what racist people want you to think of yourselves, of being second rate: I am less worthy, less able.”“Amim-pahatsiarovan-tena, nefa indrindra tsy amim-pieritreretana, ny teny Frantsay tahaka ny Lingua Franca any amin'ny fiaraha-monina maraokana dia mbola mampatsiahy antsika ny maha-andevo, mpiankin-doha, taraiky, tsy mahavita azy ary ny maha-antsika ireo zava-drehetra mampiavaka ny olona ambany kilasy, na raha atao fehezanteny tsotsotra kokoa dia hoe: ho olona arak'izay tian'ny mpanavakavaka hiheveranao ny tenanao, ho olona ambany kilasy: tsy dia manan-karena aho, tsy dia mahavita azy.”
31In addition to distinguishing national identity, an increased use of English will open up new doors in the world of science and technology.Fanampin'ny maha-fanavahana ny mombamomba ny firenena iray, hanokatra varavarana maro vaovao eo amin'ny tontolon'ny siansa sy ny teknolojy ny fampitombona ny fampiasana ny teny Anglisy.
32A blogger on Bla Francia, Hicham, describes the lack of advancement in the scientific sphere.Maneho ny tsy fisian'ny fandrosoana eo amin'ny tontolo ara-tsiansa ny mpitoraka bilaogy ao amin'ny Bla Francia, i Hicham.
33Reliance on the French language, especially in the education and research of the sciences, does not seem to reap in enough benefits for Morocco.Toa tsy nahazoana vokatsoa firy ho an'i Maraoka ny fiankinan-doha tamin'ny teny Frantsay, indrindra tamin'ny fampianarana sy ny fikarohana ara-tsiansa .
34Hicham lists the following statistics :Mandahatra ireto antontan'isa manaraka ireto i Hicham :
35- 50% of students enrolled in the first year of university drop out before the end of the first term, without obtaining any certificate.- 50%-n'ireo mpianatra nisoratra anarana amin'ny taona voalohany eny amin'ny anjerimanontolo no nandao ny fianarany talohan'ny faran'ny telovolana voalohany, tsy nahazo diplaoma akory.
36- 9.3 is the average number of years required to obtain a bachelor's degree (usually takes four years), - Less than 10% of graduating students only receive a bachelor's degree in four years- 9.3 no salan'isan'ny taom-pianarana takiana hahazoana ny mari-pahaizana Master (efa-taona foana no mahazatra ), - Latsaky ny 10%-n'ireo mpianatra nisoratra anarana no mahazo ny mari-pahaizana master ao anatin'ny efa-taona
37Although high costs are also a reason for the low graduation rate, it is a reality that:Na dia antony mahatonga ny taham-pahafahana ho ambany aza ny sarany lafo, zava-misy mihitsy ny hoe :
38More than a half of first-year students at the Faculty of Science, do not understand the science lessons in FrenchNy antsasany mahery amin'ireo mpianatra ao amin'ny taona voalohany ao amin'ny Fakiolten'ny Siansa no tsy mahatakatra ireo lesona siansa amin'ny teny Frantsay
39The French language is relatively prevalent in Morocco, but most students are not comfortable enough with it to actively participate in the scientific world where French is the primary language.Manjaka ny teny Frantsay any Maraoka, nefa tsy mahazo aina tsara akory ny ankamaroan'ireo mpianatra mampiasa azy mba handray anjara mavitrika amin'ny tontolo siantifika izay tena iasan'ny teny Frantsay.
40To improve the situation, the blogger, who is quoting from a paper by Khaled Sami on the need of scientific e-documents in Arabic, suggests: .Mba hanatsarana ny zava-misy, manoro hevitra ny mpitoraka bilaogy, izay naka teny tao amin'ny taratasy nosoratan'i Khaled Sami momba ny filàna antontan-taratasy siantifika amin'ny aterineto amin'ny teny Arabo, hoe :
41Reform of Undergraduate Studies currently allocates half of the first year of university education to learn languages and communication technologies, which means the obvious, in the science faculties, and that is learning the French language.Ny fanavaozana ireo Fianarana fanomanana ny mari-pahaizana master dia manokana ny tapan-taona voalohany ho an'ny fianarana tenim-pirenena sy teknolojiam-pifandraisana, ka mazava ho azy izany any amin'ny Fakiolten'ny Siansa fa ny fianarana teny Frantsay.
42However, this procedure, the difficulty of establishing the feasibility, the cost is high, the mere provision of enough qualified teachers is elusive, not to mention realistic language learning in four months.Na izany aza, ity fitsipika ity, ny hasarotry ny fananganana ny fanatanterahana azy, dia lafo ny sarany, saro-takarina ny sisa tavela amin'ireo mpampianatra manana traikefa tsara, mba tsy hilazana ny zava-misy marina amin'ny fianarana ny tenim-pirenena ao anatin'ny efa-bolana.
43Providing a crash course in French is one way to appease the situation, but Hicham encourages that universities should allow their students to explore the scientific world in their own vernacular, Arabic.Làlana iray hanatsorana ny toe-javatra ny fanomezana fampianarana lalina ny teny frantsay, nefa mandrisika i Hicham fa tokony hamela ireo mpianatra hizaha ny tontolo siantifika araka ny fomba fiteny ahazoany aina, ny Arabo izany, ireo anjerimanontolo.
44This does not diminish the vast number of scientific publications, and Internet references reported in English.Tsy mampihena ny isa maron'ireo lahatsoratra siantifika sy ireo tatitra amin'ny teny Anglisy any amin'ny fampahalalam-baovao amin'ny aterineto izany.
45International forums, and organizations in the scientific sphere are more likely to communicate in English than in Arabic, or in French.Saika mifanerasera amin'ny teny Anglisy kokoa noho ny teny Arabo na ny teny Frantsay ireo sehatra fiadian-kevitra iraisam-pirenena, sy ireo fikambanana ao amin'ny tontolon'ny siansa.
46Bellari continues in his essay to say that propagating English as the second language will lead to:Manohy milaza i Bellari ao amin'ny famelabelarany fa ny fanapariahana ny teny Anglisy ho teny fampiasa faharoa dia hitondra amin'ny :
47“a true collective grass-roots wave that speaks of will-power, self-determination, self-expression and new trust, hope and optimism for the future.“hetsi-bahoaka tena izy milaza momba ny fahefana mahefa, ny fijoroana amin'ny hevitra, ny fanehoan-kevitra ary fahatokisana vaovao, fanantenana sy finoana betsaka ho amin'ny ho avy.
48It is the collective people's effort of riding the Laraki of Moroccan destiny while halting the constant watching in the rear mirror and start looking through the front window, to 2050 and beyond, in the sole interest of our children and grandchildren.”Izany no ezaky ny olon-drehetra amin'ny fitondrana ny Laraki-n'ny anjara Maraokana raha mampiato vetivety ny fijerena tsy an-kiato ao amin'ny fitaratra ary manomboka mijery kosa indray amin'ny alalan'ny varavarankely eo anoloana, ny amin'ny taona 2050 sy ny aoriany, ho amin'ny tombontsoa tokana ho an'ireo zanatsika sy zafikelintsika ”
49If the English language does gain the title of the official second language of Morocco, entirely new pockets of economic and social opportunities will manifest themselves to the residents of Morocco.Raha lasa tenim-pirenena faharoa any Maraoka ny teny Anglisy, maro ireo fotoana fanararaotana ara-toekarena sy sosialy no hipoitra ho azy ho an'ireo mponin'i Maraoka.