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1 | 5 Places in Santiago, Chile to Remember the Pinochet Dictatorship and Say “Never Again” | SARIPIKA: Toeram-pahatsiarovana 5 Ao Santiago, Chile |
2 | Former torture and detention centre Londres 38 on September 11, 2013. | Foibe fanagadrana sy fampijaliana taloha Londres 38, tamin'ny 11 Septambra 2013. |
3 | Photo by user Hi Sashi on Flickr, under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) | Sary avy amin'ilay mpisera Hi Sashi tao amin'ny Flickr, Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) |
4 | In the blog Memory in Latin America, Lillie Langtry has published a series of posts about “places of memory” in Chile's capital, Santiago: buildings or sites related to the military coup d'état that overthrew socialist president Salvador Allende on September 11, 1973, and the 17-year dictatorship led by Augusto Pinochet. | Tao amin'ny bilaogy Memory in Latin America (Fahatsiarovana ao Amerika Latina), namoaka andiàn-dahatsoratra momba ireo “toeram-pahatsiarovana” ao Santiago, renivohitr'i Shily i Lillie Langtry. Ireo toerana ireo dia Fanorenana lehibe na toerana misy ifandraisany tamin'ny fanonganam-panjakana miaramila izay naha-voahongana ny filoha sosialista Salvador Allende tamin'ny 11 septambra 1973, sy ny didy jadona 17 taona notarihan'i Augusto Pinochet. |
5 | This year, 2013, marked 40 years since the coup. | Manamarika ny faha-40 taonan'ny fanonganam-panjakana miaramila ity taona ity. |
6 | 1. Museum of Memory and Human Rights | 1. Mozean'ny Fahatsiarovana sy ny Zon'Olombelona |
7 | Museum of Memory and Human Rights. | Mozean'ny Fahatsiarovana sy ny Zon'Olombelona. |
8 | Photo by Giovanni A. | Sary avy amin'i Giovanni A. |
9 | Pérez on Flickr, under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC 2.0) | Pérez tao amin'ny Flickr, Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC 2.0) |
10 | This online tour starts with the Museum of Memory and Human Rights [es], “a large and striking site”, as Lillie explains: | Manomboka amin'ny Mozean'ny Fahatsiarovana sy ny Zon'Olombelona [espaniola] ity fitsidihana virtoaly ity, “toerana midadasika sy manintona”, araka ny fanazavan'i Lillie: |
11 | Sadly you're not allowed to take photographs inside, which is a real shame, because the most striking feature for me is the huge wall of photographs of the disappeared reaching up across the entire space. | Indrisy, tsy mahazo maka sary ao anatiny ianao, izay tena henatra tokoa, satria ny tena manintona ahy indrindra dia ny rindrin-tsary goavambe misy ny sarin'ireo nanjavona mahahenika ny tahala iray manontolo. |
12 | There is also a point where you can stand and look out at it and locate individual names and faces. | Misy ihany koa toerana izay hahafahanao mitsangana sy mijery izany ary mahita ny anarana sy ny tavan'ireo olona. |
13 | On the ground floor various terminals show footage of the 1973 coup and its aftermath. | Ao ambany rihana no ahitana kiefitrefitra mampiseho lahatsary tamin'ny fanonganam-panjakana tamin'ny taona 1973 sy ny vokatra naterany. |
14 | As you move upstairs, different areas cover aspects like exiles and international solidarity, media coverage, and torture - including, chillingly, an electric shock device (made by General Electric - not suggesting they intended it to be used for that purpose!). | Ary raha miakatra any amin'ny ambony rihana ianao, dia maro ny faritra mampiseho endri-javatra samihafa tahaka ny fanaovana sesintany sy ny firaisankina iraisampirenena, fitantarana amin'ny fampahalalam-baovao, ary ny fampijaliana - ahitana, zava-mampangovitra, fitaovana fandoroana amin'ny herinaratra (namboarin'ny General Electric - izay tsy nilaza fa natao ho ampiasaina amin'izany ny fitaovana!). |
15 | There are also items made by prisoners and photographs of memorial sites throughout Chile. | Ahitana zavatra namboarin'ireo gadra sy ny sarin'ireo toeram-pahatsiarovana manerana an'i Shily ihany koa ao. |
16 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights at the Museum of Memory and Human Rights, Chile. | Fanambarana manerantany momba ny Zon'olombelona tao amin'ny Mozean'ny Fahatsiarovana sy ny Zon'Olombelona tao Shily. |
17 | Photo by Jenn Dyer on Flickr, under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-ND 2.0) | Sary avy amin'i Jen Dyer tao amin'ny Flickr, Creative Commons license (CC BY-ND 2.0) |
18 | Lillie also notes that, “[T]his is explicitly not a space where you will get some sort of pseudo-neutrality or weighing up of the pro- and anti-Pinochet factions as equal”, and she quotes the museum's catalogue: | Nanamarika ihany koa i Lillie fa “miharihary ny tsy mahatoerana ahafahanao mijoro maha-tsy miandany anao ao na ampifandanjanao ny mpanohana sy ny mpanohitra an'i Pinochet amin'ny fomba mitovy”, ary nanantsonga ny voasoratra amin'ny taratasy fampafantarana ny mozea ihany koa izy: |
19 | “The task of building a memory must be guided by a moral compass; we must build a reading of the collective trauma that goes above and beyond what is evident, a history of victims and criminals, guilty and innocent. | Tokony hotarihan'ny fananana maoraly ny asam-pananganana toeram-pahatsiarovana; tsy maintsy manangana ny famakiana ny ratram-panahy iombonana izay mihoatra noho izay miharihary, tantaran'ireo lasibatra sy ireo mpamono olona, ireo meloka sy ireo tsy manan-tsiny, isika. |
20 | The goal in the museum's construction of memory is to become a space that assists the culture of human rights and democratic values in becoming the share ethical basis of our present and future coexistence. | Ny tanjona amin'ny fananganana ny mozean'ny fahatsiarovana dia ny hanaovana azy ireny ho lasa tahala manohana ny kolontsain'ny zon'olombelona sy ny hasina demokratika ka hahatonga azy ireny ho fototra mamaritra ny ankehitriny sy ny fiaraha-miaina rahampitso. |
21 | Only in this way can we empower our claim of NEVER AGAIN.” | Amin'izay fomba tokana izay ihany no hahafahantsika manamafy ny hoe TSY MILA IZANY INTSONY.” |
22 | You can see more photos of the museum (including some from the inside) on Flickr. | Azonao jerena ao amin'ny Flickr ireo sary maro hafa momba ny mozea (anisan'izany ireo sasany avy ao anatiny). |
23 | 2. Londres 38 | 2. Londres 38 |
24 | “40 Years of Fighting and Resistance”: Londres 38, former torture and detention centre in Santiago, Chile. | “40 Taona Nitolomana sy Nanoherana”: Londres 38, foibe famonjàna sy fampijaliana taloha tao Santiago, Shily. |
25 | Photo by the Municipality of Santiago on Flickr, under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) | Sary avy amin'ny ben'ny tanànan'i Santiago tao amin'ny Flickr. Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) |
26 | In another post, Lillie writes about a former detention and torture centre called Londres 38: | Tamin'ny lahatsoratra hafa, nanoratra momba ny foibe famonjàna sy fampijaliana taloha antsoina hoe Londres 38 i Lillie: |
27 | It was used by the DINA (secret police) as a torture and holding centre for regime opponents, at least 98 of whom died there or afterwards [es]. | Nampiasain'ny DINA (polisin'ny fitsikilovana) ho foibem-pampijaliana sy fanagadrana ireo mpanohitra ny fitondrana, ka farafahakeliiny 98 tamin'izy ireo no namoy ny ainy tao na taoriana kely [es]. |
28 | In front of the building, victims' names are embedded among the cobble stones (similar to the Stolperstein in Germany). | Eo anoloan'ny tranobe, miraikitra eo amin'ny rindrim-bato (mitovy amin'ny Stolpersteine ao Alemaina) ny anaran'ireo niharany. |
29 | She adds: | Hoy izy nanampy: |
30 | I was initially a little surprised at the condition of the walls, but of course it makes far more sense to see it like this than artificially spruced up. | Somary gaga aho tamin'ny voalohany, nahita ny toetry ny rindrina, saingy misy dikany kokoa izy tahaka izao toy izay feno fanaamboamboarana. |
31 | You certainly get more of a sense for the suffering that took place there; although it's also really amazing to think how central the location is. | Hahatsapa kokoa ny fangirifiriana nisy teo amin'io toerana io ianao; na dia mahatalanjona tokoa aza ny mihevitra hoe tena mahazo ny afovoan-tanàna tokoa ilay toerana. |
32 | Ilovechile.cl writes that the building was known for the loud classical music coming from it - pretty chilling when you realise what that music was covering up. | Nanoratra i Ilovechile.cl fa fantatra tamin'ny mozika klasika mitabataba mafy avy ao anatiny ilay tranobe - mampatahotra ihany rehefa fantatra hoe inona no rakofan'izany mozika izany . |
33 | Londres 38 on September 11, 2013. | Londres 38 tamin'ny 11 Septambra 2013. |
34 | Photo by César Castillo on Flickr, under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) | Sary avy amin'i César Castillo tao amin'ny Flickr, Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) |
35 | 3. La Moneda | 3. La Moneda |
36 | La Moneda, Chile's presidential palace. | La Moneda, lapam-panjakana Shiliana. |
37 | Photo by user Alobos Life on Flickr, under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) | Sary avy amin'ilay mpisera Alobos Life tao amin'ny Flickr, Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) |
38 | Lillie also includes a post about Chile's presidential palace, which was bombed during the coup on September 11, 1973. | Namoaka lahatsoratra momba ny lapam-panjakana shiliana, izay voadaroka baomba nandritra ny fanonganam-panjakana tamin'ny 11 septambra 1973 ihany koa i Lillie. |
39 | Francisco Vergara Perucich writes about the bombing in Democracities: | Francisco Vergara nanoratra momba ny daroka baomba tao amin'ny Democracities : |
40 | This building, considered a symbol of national independence and republican tradition, a built expression of the social progression, was completely burned and destroyed by the own military forces that swore loyalty to the nation and its constitution. | ty tranobe ity, izay heverina ho sariohatry ny fahaleovantenam-pirenena sy tarazo repoblikana ity, tsangambaton'ny fandrosoana ara-tsosialy dia nodorana sy nopotehin'ny hery miaramilany izay nanao fianianana ho tokin'ny firenena sy ny lalàmpanorenany I. |
41 | Imagine two F-16s bombing the White House, or two Typhoons bombing Buckingham Palace… A scene really hard to believe. | Saintsaino anie izany hoe F-16 roa midaroka baomba ny Trano Fotsy, na “Rivodoza” (Typhoons) roa midaroka ny Lapa Buckingham… Tranga sarotra inoana indrindra. |
42 | This attack was a sign of the end of a republican and democratic era. | Izany fanafihana izany no marika fiafaran'ny vanim-potoana repoblikana sy demaokratika . |
43 | Forty years since the military coup. | Efa-polo taona taorian'ny fanonganam-panjakana. |
44 | La Moneda. | La Moneda. |
45 | Photo by Hi Sashi on Flickr, under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) | Sary avy amin'i Hi Sashi tao amin'ny Flickr, Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) |
46 | 4. Memorial for the Disappeared | 4. Tsangambato fahatsiarovana hoan'ireo nanjavona |
47 | Memorial for those detained, those who disappeared and those who were executed for political reasons. | Tsangambato fahatsiarovana reo izay nogadraina, ireo izay nanjavona ary ireo izay notapahan-doha noho ny antony ara-politika. |
48 | Photo by user Nuevasantiago on Flickr, under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) | Sary avy amin'ilay mpisera Nuevasantiago tao amin'ny Flickr, Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) |
49 | In her last post in the series about places of memory in Santiago, Lillie mentions the Memorial for the Disappeared: “a large, stone wall with a list of victims carved into it”. | Tamin'ny lahatsoratra navoakany farany teo momba ireo toeram-pahatsiarovana ao Santiago, nilaza momba ny tsangambato fahatsiarovana ireo Nanjavona i Lillie: “rindrina goavambe vita amin'ny vato ahitana ny lisitr'ireo lasibatra no voasokitra ao anatin'izany”. |
50 | She explains that the memorial is inside a cemetery: | Nanazava izy fa ao anatin'ny tokotanim-pasana no misy ny tsangambato fahatsiarovana : |
51 | I always really like seeing a memorial used, actually part of the fabric of life. | Nankafiziko foana ny mijery ny fomba nampiasàna ireny tsangambato fahatsiarovana ireny, izay ao anatin'ny vanim-potoana iainana . |
52 | In this case, at the bottom of the memorial are many notes, photos, little plaques, flowers, and so on. | Amin'ity tranga ity, eo amin'ny fanambanin'ny tsangambato dia ahitana naoty, sary, takelaka madinika , voninkazo marobe sy sisa hafa . |
53 | It's a sombre site but then, it is in a graveyard. | Toerana matromatroka izany, satria ao anatin'ny tokotanim-pasana. |
54 | The important thing is these victims did not previously have anywhere where their families could go to mourn them and to mark their lives, and now they do, and they are acknowledged in the chief cemetery of the capital city as being part of the country's history. | Ny zava-dehibe dia tsy mba nanana toerana isaonana ny fianakavian'ny lasibatra tamin'ny voalohany sy hanamarihany ny fiainany, ary ankehitriny manana izany ry zareo, ary mankasitraka ny lehiben'ny tokotanim-pasan'ny renivohitra lasa mametraka azy ho ao anatin'ny tantaran'ny firenena |
55 | Raúl Valdés Stoltze. | Raúl Valdés Stoltze. |
56 | Memorial for the Disappeared. | Tsangambato fahatsiarovana ireo nanjavona. |
57 | Photo by Paul Lowry on Flickr, under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 2.0) | Sary avy amin'i Paul Lowry tao amin'ny Flickr, Creative Commons license (CC BY 2.0) |
58 | Visit Lilie's blog for more posts about memory and human rights in Latin America. | Tsidiho ny bilaogin'i Lillie raha te-hamaky lahatsoratra bebe kokoa momba ny tsiaro sy ny zon'olombelona ao Amerika Latina. |
59 | You can also follow her on Twitter: @Lillie_Langtry. | Azonao atao ihany koa ny manaraka azy ao amin'ny Twitter:@Lillie_Langtry. |
60 | 5. The National Stadium | 5. Ny kianjam-pirenena |
61 | Chile's National Stadium. | Kianjam-pirenena ao Shily. |
62 | Photo from Wikimedia Commons, under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 2.0) | Sary tao amin'ny Wikimedia Commons, Creative Commons license (CC BY 2.0) |
63 | Finally, we'd like to add one more place of remembrance in Santiago, Chile: the National Stadium (Estadio Nacional in Spanish), which was used as a detention and torture center. | Farany, tianay ny manampy toeram-pahatsiarovana iray fanampiny ao Santiago: ny Kianjam-pirenena (Estadio Nacional amin'ny teny espaniola), nampiasaina ho foibem-pigadrana sy fampijaliana. |
64 | As Pascale Bonnefoy explains in Global Post, “Estimates of the total number of prisoners range from 7,000 to 20,000, including about 1,000 women. | Araka ny fanazavan'i Pascale Bonnefoy tao amin'ny Global Post, “Ny tombatombana amin'ny fitambaran'ny isan'ireo gadra dia 7 000 hatramin'ny 20 000, ka 1 000 eo ho eo ny vehivavy. |
65 | […] Torture took place on the cycling track, in administrative offices, in corridors and on fields. | […] Ny toerana nanaovana fampijaliana dia teo amin'ny toeram-pihazakazahana am-bisikileta, tao amin'ny biraom-panjakana, teny amin'ny lalantsara ary teny amin'ny kianja. |
66 | There is no solid figure on how many people were killed or disappeared from the stadium.” | Tsy misy tarehimarika raikitra mikasika izay isan'ny olona novonoina na nanjavona tao amin'ity kianjabe ity.” |
67 | Remembering the prisoners 40 years later, on September 11, 2013 at the National Stadium. | Mahatsiaro ireo gadra 40 taona lasa izay, tamin'ny 11 Septambra 2013 tao amin'ny Kianjam-pirenena. |
68 | Photo by Pablo Trincado on Flickr under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 2.0) | Sary avy amin'i Pablo Trincado tao amin'ny Flickr, Creative Commons license (CC BY 2.0) |