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1 | The State of Citizen Media in Madagascar | Ny toeran’ny media citoyen eto Madagasikara |
2 | It has been an eventful for the citizen media scene in Madagascar. | Maro zavatra notantaraina tokoa ny sehatry ny seraseran'olotsotra teto Madagasikara. |
3 | The blogosphere in Madagascar has been growing slowly but steadily the past decade, slightly struggling to find its voice until the 2009 political crisis. | Nitombo tsikelikely ny tontolon'ny blaogy teto Madagasikara tao anatin'ny taompolo farany, nitolona tokoa hanandratra ny feony mandra-pahatongan'ny krizy politikan'ny 2009. |
4 | The sudden precipitation of events that provoked high demand for frequent updates provided a unique set up for the budding blogosphere to assert their potential, despite the evident challenges. | Niteraka tinady goavambe ny fizotran'ny toe-draharaha niova haingana dia haingana mitaky ny vaovao farany mba hifanaraka amin'ny toetr'andro ka nahitana fiforonana tontolon'ny blaogy iray mba hampisehoana ny fahaiza-manaon'izy ireo na dia efa mivandravandra aza ny fanamby miandry. |
5 | The past events have been thoroughly documented so let us focus on the consequence of the crisis on citizen journalists and conversely the impact of citizen media on the evolution of the crisis. | Voakirakira sy voatahiry betsaka tokoa ny trangan-javatra teo aloha, ka ahafahantsika mifantoka tsara amin'ny vokatra ateraky ny krizy eo amin'ny olontsotra mpampita vaovao etsy andaniny sy ny fiantraikan'ny fampitam-baovaon'olontsotra eo amin' ny fivoaran'ny krizy etsy ankilany. |
6 | Bloggers' readership: | Ny mpamaky ny mpitoraka blaogy: |
7 | (Bar camp on reporting in times of crisis in Antananarivo. | (Bar Camp nitaterana ny fotoanan'ny krizy teto Madagasikara. |
8 | Photo credit: Ariniaina ) | Sarin'i Ariniaina ) |
9 | Although Madagascar is now theoretically connected to the high bandwidth fibre optic cables EASSy and LION, most of the country still have limited access to internet both because of lack of infrastructure and high costs of broadband internet (only 1.5% of the population used internet in 2009). | Na dia apetraka ara-teorika ho mifandray amin'ny alalan'ny hosina mampalaky serasera EASSy sy LION aza i Madagasikara dia mbola maro ny faritra manerana ny firenena no saro-toerana eo amin'ny fampiasana aterineto noho ny tsy fahampian'ny fotodrafitrasa sy halafosam-bidin'ny fidirana amin'ny aterineto (1.5%-n'ny mponina fotsiny no mampiasa aterineto ny taona 2009). |
10 | Therefore, internet won't be able to fulfill the role of democratizing information/communication until access is available to more Malagasies. | Araka izany dia azo lazaina ho mbola tsy mahatanteraka ny andraikiny eo amin'ny fampanjakana eo amin'ny vahoaka ny fampitam-baovao / serasera ny aterineto mandra-pampiasan'ny Malagasy maromaro kokoa azy. |
11 | Still, it is undeniable that the use of online media tools has dramatically increased among urban citizens, specifically during the 2009 political crisis. | Tsy azo lavina fa niakatra izay tsy izy ny fampiasana ny fitaovam-piseraserana amin'ny alalan'ny aterineto teo anivon'ny mponina an-drenivohitra, indrindra indrindra nandritry ny krizy politikan'ny taona 2009. |
12 | Bloggers from many parts of the country ( Antananarivo, Toamasina and Mahajanga) have volunteered the statistics of their blogs since 2008 to evaluate the evolution of readership. | Mpitoraka blaogy maro avy amin'ny faritra maro manerana ny firenena (Antananarivo, Toamasina ary Mahajanga) no nanome an-tsitrapo ny tombatomban'isan'ny mpitsidika ny blaoginy nanomboka tamin'ny taona 2008 mba hahafahan'izy ireo mamantatra ny fivoaran'ny mpamaky. |
13 | The timeline of the number of readers can be seen below: | Azo jerena etsy ambany ny sary maneho ny isan'ny mpamaky ao anatin'ny fotoana voafaritra : |
14 | (Stats of 4 personal blogs in Madagascar from 2008-10 (blogs written in Malagasy (VO), French (MH, TD) and English (MM)) | (Tombatombana : blaogy efatra samihafa eto Madagasikara tamin'ny taona 2008 ka hatramin'ny 2010 (blaogy nosoratana tamin'ny teny malagasy (V.O), frantsay(MH,TD) ary anglisy (MM)) |
15 | As shown on the charts, even though readership varies significantly between blogs, trends have been strikingly similar even though the blogs were written in different languages. | Araka ny hita eo amin'ireo sary ireo, na dia miovaova be aza ny isan'ny mpamaky arakaraky ny blaogy, dia toa manaitra dia manaitra tokoa ny fitoviana misy na dia nosoratana tamin'ny teny samihafa aza ireo blaogy ireo. |
16 | Two traffic peaks can be seen around February-April 2009 when the coup occurred, followed by a sudden decrease that is probably related to uncertainty over potential consequences of writing blog posts. | Ahitana tendrony roa avo indrindra eo amin'ny manodidididina ny volana Febroary sy Aprily 2009 raha nitranga ny fanonganam-panjakana, narahana fihenàna tampoka izany izay mety nisy fifandraisany tamin'ny fisalasalana teo amin'ny mety ho vokatry ny fanoratana zavatra ao anaty blaogy. |
17 | Readership came back when the legitimacy of the regime was questioned by the international community when the Malagasy government was shunned from speaking at the UN General Assembly. | Nahitana fiverenana indray teo amin'ny mpamaky raha vao nolavin'ny vondrona iraisam-pirenena ny maha-ara-dalàna ny fitondrana ka vosakana tsy hiteny teo amin'ny fivoriamben'ny Firenena Mikambana ny governemanta Malagasy. |
18 | It must also be noted that writing during the height of the crisis took a toll on many bloggers who may have fatigued from the toll of trying to inform frequently. | Tsara koa ny manamarika fa nisy fiantraikany teo amin'ny mpitoraka blaogy ny fanoratana zavatra nandritry ny fotoanan'ny krizy noho ny havizanana azony eo amin'ny fikasàny hitatitra vaovao matetika. |
19 | Support from the News Media: | Fanambaràna tamin'ny vaovaon'ny haino aman-jery: |
20 | A critical development for the evolution of blogs in Madagascar were the recognition and support by international news media through mention and links: BBC, CNN, Global Post, France 24, IRIN News, Le Monde, The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. | Zavatra iray nisongadina teo amin'ny fivoaran'ny blaogy eto Madagasikara ny fanekena sy fanohanana nataon'ny fampitàm-baovao mpisandrahaka maneran-tany tamin'ny alalan'ny fametrahana rohy ny zavatra voasoratra ao amin'ny blaogy: BBC, CNN, Global Post, France 24, IRIN News, Le Monde, The New York Times sy The Wall Street Journal. |
21 | The accrued interest fostered emulation amongst bloggers but also reiterated to them the need for their contributions. | Nampivelatra ireo mpitoraka blaogy izany sady mandrisika azy ireo fa tena ilaina tokoa ny fiaraha-miasa amin'izy ireo. |
22 | Impact of Facebook: | Ny fiantraikan'i “facebook”: |
23 | While users in the western world ponder deactivating facebook accounts over privacy concerns, Malagasy citizens have joined massively, from 1,100 in 2007 to almost 9,000 users today. | Raha mieritreritra ny hanafoana ny kaontiny ao amin'ny “facebook” ny mpampiasa azy tany andrefana nohon'ny fiantraikan'izany eo amin'ny fiainany manokana, maro kosa anefa ireo teratany Malagasy no nanokatra kaonty “facebook”, teo amin'ny 1.100 ny isan'ny mpampiasa azy tamin'ny 2007 ary tafakatra efa ho 9.000 izany isa izany ankehitriny. |
24 | Six Malagasy political parties have now joined facebook because they recognized the platform as an important mean to reach constituents, a satirical Facebook page, MDRM ( aplay on word on a political party and LOL in French) was set up making fun of the sudden adoption of facebook by politicians. | Antoko politika Malagasy miisa enina izao no nisoratra anarana tao amin'ny “facebook” satria mahatsapa izy ireo fa ny filazàna ny foto-kevitry ny antoko misy azy ao anatin'io “facebook” io dia fitaovana sarobidy isarihana mpanohana. Nisy pejy “facebook”, MDRM (manana fifandraisana amin'ny antoko politika iray sy ny LOL na hehy amin'ny teny frantsay) noforonina mba hanaovana vazivazy momba ny fidiran'ireo mpanao politika tampoka tao amin'ny “facebook”. |
25 | The discussion on facebook for Malagasies seems to be facilitated because of the perceived authenticity of your interlocutor. | Toa mora kokoa ny firesahan'ny samy malagasy ao amin'ny “facebook” satria efa fantatra mazava ny mikasika ilay olona iresahanao. |
26 | Impact on the political and social crisis : | Ny fiantraikany eo amin'ny krizy politika sy sosialy: |
27 | (Protester Razily arrested by armed forces in late March 2009: photo credit: Radotiana) | (Razily mpanohitra nosamborin'ny foloalindahy tamin'ny volana Martsa 2009 farany teo: naka ny sary: Radotiana) |
28 | As mentioned earlier, citizen media fulfilled two needs during the crisis: 1) demand for rapid information and frequent updates from different locations and 2) facilitating distribution of information by being decentralized and rapid translation in many languages. | Araka ny voalaza teo aloha, filàna anankiroa no fenon'ny olontsotra mpampita vaovao nandritra ny fotoanan'ny krizy : 1) fitakiana fampitàm-baovao faran'izay haingana miseho eo amin'ny faritra samihafa sy fanavaozana azy ireny hanaraka ny toetr'andro sy ny 2) fanamoràna ny fizaràm-baovao ao anatin'ny tsy fitongilànana sy fandikàna izany faran'izay haingana amin'ny fiteny maro. |
29 | Their impact has been the most saliant on two issues: Human Rights aspect: | Zavatra roa misongadina no tena nivohitra vokatr'ireo: Ny fisehony eo amin'ny zo maha-olombelona: |
30 | More than a hundred people were direct casualties of this ongoing crisis. | Olona mahery ny zato no niharan-doza avy hatrany tamin'ity krizy tsy nitsahatra ity. |
31 | There were many reports of torture and arbitrary arrests as well. | Nisy tatitra maro momba ny fampijaliana, sy fisamborana olona tsy mitombina ihany koa. |
32 | The initial signal that such events were occurring were made possible because of personal blogs and text messages platform like Ushahidi. | Ny famantarana voalohany ny nisian'ireny trangan-javatra ireny dia noho ny tatitra avy amin'ireo blaogy manokana sy hafatra fohy nalefa avy amina plateforme toy ny Ushahidi. |
33 | Consequently, local human rights monitoring programmes (fr) were launched in Madagascar, Amnesty International investigated and published an extensive report in February 2010. | Setrin'izany, nisy fandaharana (fr) miresaka ny zon'olombelona nalefa tao Madagasikara, ny Amnisty International dia nanao fikarohana ary namoaka tatitra lava dia lava tamin'ny volana febroary 2010. |
34 | The International Community also denounced the violations. | Nanameloka ny fandikan-dalàna ihany koa ny fikambanana iraisam-pirenena. |
35 | Brief media censorship was a major component of the violations. | Ny sivana vetivety teo amin'ny haino aman-jery no ambangovangony. |
36 | Blogs became an alternative for news until some were shut down as well. | Lasa solom-pitaovana nentina nilazam-baovao ny blaogy mandra-panakatona ny sasany tamin'izy ireny. |
37 | These attacks on the media were reported on the Comittee for Protection of Journalists (CPJ), Reporter sans Frontieres and Global Voices Advocacy. | Nanaovana tatitra tany amin'ny “Comittee for Protection of Journalists (CPJ)”[Vaomiera miaro ny mpanao gazety], “Reporter sans frontières”, sy “Global Voices Advocacy” ireny fanenjehana mpanao gazety ireny. |
38 | As a result, a media consortium over the role of journalists during political crisis was created and a code of communication is being established. | Noho izany, niforona ny fiarahana misalahy amin'izy ireo eo amin'ny fanatanterahana ny andraikiny nandritra ny fotoanan'ny krizy politika ary novolavolaina ny fehezan-dalàna hifehy ny fampitam-baovao. |
39 | Environmental aspect: | Ny fisehony eo amin'ny tontolo iainana: |
40 | The reporting of the rosewood illegal trafficking (worth several million of US dollars) and ensuing pillage of Madagascar National Park is a good indicator of the potential of citizen media to produce change. | Ohatra tsara azo raisina mba hisian'ny fiovana, maneho ny fahaiza-manaon'ny olontsotra mpampita vaovao ny tatitra momba ny fivarotana bolabola tsy ara-dalàna (tapitrisa maromaro amin'ny vola dolara amerikana no vidiny) sy ny fanimbàna ny saha voajanahary fitsangatsanganana ananan'i Madagasikara . |
41 | Reports, photographs and interactive maps (Google Maps) of the rosewood logging and deforestation were conducted by conservation organizations (Wild Madagscar, Global Witness and EIA) and were further amplified and translated by citizen journalists. | Namoaka tatitra, sary ary sarintany “interactifs” (Google Maps) momba ny fitrandrahana ny bolabola sy ny fanapahana ny ala ireo fikambanana mpiaro tontolo iainana (Wild Madagscar, Global Witness ary EIA) ary vao mainka naparitaka sy nadikan'ireo olom-tsotra mpampita vaovao. |
42 | The online petition to get international companies to stop participating in the trafficking gathered about to 580,000 signatures. | Ny fanangonan-tsonia tanaty aterineto mba hanaikana ireo vondrona iraisam-pirenena samihafa hanakana ny fanaovana trafika an-tsokosoko dia nahavoriana sonia teo amin'ny 580,000 teo. |
43 | The US Senate passed a bill banning all rosewood products from Madagascar and finally the Malagasy Government finally produces a bill that stop further export of rosewood. | Ny Antenimiera Amerikana dia nandany volavolan-dalàna mandrara izay mety ho vokatra avy amin'ny bolabola avy any Madagasikara ary farany ny Governemanta Malagasy dia namoaka lalàna mampiato ny fanondranana bolabola. |
44 | Whether the ban is actually implemented is very much still in doubt. | Na dia mbola tena mampisalasala aza ny fanarahana ireny fandraràna ireny amin'izao fotoana izao. |
45 | Real Impact assessment: | Famaritana ny tena vokatra aterak'izany: |
46 | Just like in the Rosewood case, the final verdict on the real impact of citizen media is still up in the air. | Toy ny tamin'ilay resaka bolabola, mbola tsy fantatra mazava tsara hatramin'izao ny fanapahan-kevitra farany momba izay fiantraikan'ny tatitry ny olontsotra mpampita vaovao iny. |
47 | As discussed previously, citizen media often provided the initial hint that some events were worth looking into. | Araka ny efa voalaza teo aloha, matetika dia ny olontsotra mpampita vaovao no mpanome famantarana voalohany mba isarihana ny olona hitodika any amina trangan-javatra sasany. |
48 | By illustrating various abuses during the crisis, citizen media were able to keep political leaders in check with respect to extending signs of budding authoritarism. | Tamin'ny fanehoana ireo endrika fanamparam-pahefana nandritry ny krizy, ireo olontsotra mpampita vaovao dia afaka namefy ireo mpitarika ara-politika tsy hirona any amin'ny didiko fe lehibe. |
49 | Coupled with the need to reassure the international community over the legitimacy of their leadership, the administration was mindful of portraying an image of a regime neglecting basic human rights. | Mivady amin'ny ezaka atao ho fanomezan-toky ny fiombonambe iraisam-pirenena amin'ny maha ekem-bahoaka ny fitantanan'izy ireo, dia tonga saina ihany ny mpitantana fa maneho sarina fitondrana tsy miraharaha ny zo maha-olona. |
50 | However, citizen media activities are often performed as an aside to their day-to-day work by individuals, which prevents bloggers from conducting in depth investigative works, especially in time of crisis. | Na izany aza, atao mifanila amin'ny asa andavanandro ihany ny asa fanaovan-gazetin'olom-pirenena, ka tsy ahafahan'izy ireo mamakafaka lalina, indrindra mandritra ny fotoanan'ny krizy. |
51 | Therefore, a collaborations with professional news media or advocacy organisations is the optimal way for citizen media to provide a meaningful impact. | Noho izany, fomba mety indrindra ho an'ny media-n'ny olom-pirenena ny fiarahana miasa amin' ireo haino aman-jery matihanina mba ahazoana vokatra tsara. |
52 | Another concern for many Malagasy bloggers was the direction that online communication/discourse were taking. | Olana iray hafa ho ana mpitoraka blaogy Malagasy maro ny lalana izoran'ny fifaneraserana/fifampiresahana amin'ny alalan'ny aterineto. |
53 | Is the level of information overload and sometimes polarized discourse that are permeating the online developed world desirable for a still maturing digital community? | Efa be loatra ve ny vaovao ary indraindray aza dia mifanao atsimo sy avaratra ny resaka izay mety handoaka ny fandrosoan'ny tontolon-tserasera mba ho matotra kokoa ny fiaraha-monina niomerika? |
54 | Many bloggers have expressed being weary of the excessively politicized turn of the Malagasy web, wishing that the focus be turned back on developing the country, regardless of the composition of the current administration. | Mpitoraka blaogy maro no nilaza ho leon'ny fironan'ny aterineto gasy diso tafahoatra mankany amin'ny resaka politika, ka maniry ny hiverenan'izany ho any amin'ny fampandrosoana ny firenena, tsy asiana fijerena ny hoe iza avy no ao anatin'ny fitondrana amin'izao fotoana izao. |
55 | Citizen media is evidently at a crossroad in Madagascar; bloggers are seeing the potentials for development but also the pitfalls of the ever-increasing world of rapid information. | Eo amin'ny sampanan-dalana ny seraseran'olom-pirenena eto Madagasikara ankehitriny; mahita ny tsirim-pampandrosoana ireo mpitoraka blaogy fa mahita ihany koa ny fandrika ateraky ny fiparitahan'ny vaovao haingana manerana izao tontolo izao. |
56 | The good news is that they realize that they can play an active role in shaping both the online and offline world. | Ny zavatra mahafinaritra dia manaiky izy ireo fa manana andraikitra goavana eo amin'ny fahaizana fampakarana ny tontolo anatin'ny aterineto sy ny tontolo ny ivelany. |
57 | The hope is that the increased level of civic engagement will not go to waste because of the neverending crisis. =========================== | Antenaina fa tsy ho very maina ny firotsahana an-tsehatra hitaizana ny maha-olom-pirenena noho ny krizy tsy misy fiafarany. =========================== |
58 | This article is part of the presentation at the Global Voices Summit on citizen media rising session. | Ity lahatsoratra ity dia ampahany anatin'ny Global Voices Summit momban'ny fivoaran'ny media-n'ny olom-pirenena. |
59 | Grateful appreciation to the following bloggers for contributing thoughts to this report: | Ankasitrahana ireto mpitoraka blaogy manaraka ireto noho ny fanoloran-kevitra teto amin'ity tatitra ity: |
60 | - Ariniaina, Andrydago, Avylavitra, Fijery, Jentilisa, Radotiana, Madafan, Mada initiatives, Malagasy Miray, R1lita, and Reflexiums. | - Ariniaina, Andrydago, Avylavitra, Fijery, Jentilisa, Radotiana, Madafan, Mada initiatives, Malagasy Miray, R1lita, ary Reflexiums. |