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1 | Iran: We are all Computer Criminals | Iran: Jiolahin'ny solosaina avokoa isika rehetra |
2 | and you thought you had computer problems by Amanda Tetrault on Flickr (CC-BY) | ary dia mieritreritra ianao fa nanana olona tamin'ny solosaina avy amin'i Amanda Tetrault ao amin'ny Flickr (CC-BY) |
3 | Iran's government has a law at its disposal that make it possible to label almost any Internet user a criminal. | Manana lalàna eo ampelatanany ahafahany miampanga ny mpampiasa aterineto rehetra ho jiolahy ny fitondrana Iraniana. |
4 | The “Law of Computer Crimes” (one law with 56 articles) was approved by Iran's parliament in January 2009. | Nolanian'ny antenimiera iraniana tamin'ny janoary 2009 ny “Lalànan'ny heloka eo amin'ny solosaina” (singany ao amin'ny andininy miisa 56) . |
5 | It has been instrumental in the prosecution and repression of several cyber-activists and bloggers, but its articles have never received much public attention or scrutiny. | Fitaovana nentina nanenjehana sy namaizana mpamaham-bolongana sy mpazoto an-tserasera izyio, nefa tsy mba nanaitra ny olo-tsotra sy ny mpandinika ireo andininy ireo. |
6 | So let's look at some confusing, surreal and catch-all aspects of the law concerning internet use and online content. | Andeha ange hojerentsika ny fifangaroana, ny saritaka ary ny bemirain'ny lalàna mikasika ny fampiasana aterineto sy ny votoaty an-tserasera. |
7 | These are the main categories of criminal content under the computer crimes law, as listed on the blog of a public revolutionary prosecutor (cross-checked with two sources): | Indreto ny sokajin-keloka lehibe ao amin'ny lalàna momba ny solosaina [serasera], araka ny voasoratra ao amin'ny bolongan'ny mpampanoa lalàna revolisionera iray (nohamarinina tamin'ny loharano roa samihafa): |
8 | A - Immoral content B - Anti-Islamic content C - Anti-security and disturbing the public peace D - Criminal content regarding intellectual property and audio and visual issues E - Content encourages, invites or provokes others to commit criminal acts F - Content against state and public institutions and their responsibilities G - Content used to facilitate other computer crimes | A - Votoaty tsy mendrika B - Votoaty mankahala ny Silamo C - Manohintohina sy manelingelina ny eny an-dalambe D - Votoaty mahavoaheloka raha oharina amin'ny zon'ny mpamorona amin'ny sary sy feo E - Votoaty mandrisika, manasa na miantsy ny hafa hanao heloka bevava F - Votoaty manohitra ny rafi-panjakana sy ny andraikiny G - Votoaty manamora ny heloka an-tserasera |
9 | No sense of humor | Tsy misangy |
10 | It seems rational within the framework of the Islamic Republic to ban publishing and distribution of anti-Islamic content, but the definitions of criminal content are even more far reaching. | Lojika ihany raha voarara ny famoahana sy fampielezana zavatra manohintohina resaka Islamika ao amina Repoblika Islamika iray, fa mbola lasa lavitra kokoa ny famaritana ny votoaty mahameloka. |
11 | Insulting and satirizing the state, public institutions, and authorities is also looked upon as criminal. | Heverina ho heloka ihany koa ny fanompana na fanesoana ny fanjakana, ny rafi-panjakana mbamin'ny manampahefana. |
12 | In other words, you could be charged with committing computer crimes if you insult Iran's leaders, prophets, and religion, or even make a joke about public transportation or state-run electricity. | Izany hoe raha lazaina amin'ny fomba hafa dia mety ho voampanga ho mandika lalàna an-tserasera [solosaina] ianao raha manompa ny mpitarika an'i Iran sy ny mpaminany ary ny fivavahana, eny fa na dia ny mivazivazy sy manao resaka mampihomehy momba ny fitaterana sy ny orinasan'ny herinaratra tantanin'ny fanjakana aza. |
13 | That's right. | Marina izany. |
14 | Disturbing public opinion regarding state-run organizations and authorities is illegal too. | Fandikan-dalàna ihany koa ny manakorontana ny saim-bahoaka amin'ny orinasa tantanin'ny fanjakana sy ny manampahefana. |
15 | Waste not, link not | Aza mandanilany foana, aza mametraka rohy |
16 | Content that encourages, invites or provokes others to commit crimes is illegal, but so is linking to this (potentially filtered) content, which could itself be considered as bad as promoting violence, drugs or smuggling, or anything else. | Fandikan-dalàna ihany koa ny votoaty mandrisika, manasa na miantsy ny hafa hanao heloka bevava, fa tahaka izany ihany koa ny fandrohizana (amina votoaty mety ho efa voasivana), izay azo heverina ihany koa ho zava-dratsy toy ny fampiroboroboana ny herisetra, rongony na afera maizina na zavatra hafa ihany koa. |
17 | Islamic Republic lawmakers also consider content that encourages “squandering” (as in wasteful expenditure) against the law. | Nosokajian'ny mpanao lalàna ao amin'ny Repoblika Islamika ho fandikan-dalàna ihany koa ny fandrisihana ny olona hanao “fandanindaniam-poana” . |
18 | In other words, anyone who uses the Internet for commercial or marketing purposes could be questioned. | Izany hoe raha lazaina amin'ny fomba hafa dia hohadihadiana ihany koa izay mampiasa ny aterineto ho fanaovana dokambarotra na famarotan-javatra. |
19 | The word “squandering” has not been clearly defined and leaves room for doubt. | Tsy nofaritana mazava moa ny voambolana “fandanindaniam-poana” ka mampametraka fisalasalana. |
20 | Larger than life crimes | Midadasika kokoa noho ny heloka andavanandro |
21 | Also illegal is publishing any propaganda or articles that speak against the Islamic Republic, contradict Iran's constitution, or cause injury to the Islamic Republic's principles. | Tsy manara-dalàna ihany koa ny famoahana fampielezan-kevitra na lahatsoratra manohitra ny Repoblika Islamika, mifanohitra amin'ny Lalampanorenan'i Iran, na miteraka fanohintohinana ny tarigetran'ny Repoblika Islamika. |
22 | Many observers were surprised when Facebook and several other websites were accused by Iranian judiciary officers of participating in a plot against the regime during the trials of protesters from post-election demonstrations in June 2009. | Maro tamin'ny mpandinika moa no gaga rehefa nampangain'ny Fitsarana Iraniana ho nandray anjara tamin'ny fanonganam-panjakana nandritra ny fihetsiketseham-panoherana ny voka-pifidianana tamin'ny jona 2009 ny Facebook sy ny vohikala hafa maro. |
23 | Once content like this falls under the definition of criminal law, even ordinary social media activity in Iran could potentially be considered criminal. | Izany hoe raha vao tafiditra ao anatin'ny voafaritra ho heloka an-tserasera ny votoaty iray dia heverina ho nahavita heloka ny asam-pitantarana fiaraha-monina tsotra. |
24 | Lack of clarity is not just restricted to content, but also to use of the Internet more generally. | Tsy misahana ny votoaty ihany ity fanjavozavoan'ny lalàna ity fa mahatafiditra ny fomba fampiasana aterineto amin'ny ankapobeny mihitsy. |
25 | According to one article of the law, no one has the right to use “international broadband based on internet protocols” without permission to communicate. | Araka ny voasoratra ao amin'ny andininy iray amin'ny lalàna dia tsy misy mananjo hahazo mampiasa “fampielezana aterineto iraisam-pirenena [avy any ivelany]” raha tsy mahazo alalana amin'ny fifandraisana. |
26 | The Persian words [پهنای باند بین المللی] I translate to “international broadband” but it's not really clear what they mean. | Ny voambolana Persan [پهنای باند بین المللی] moa io nadikako ho “fampielezana iraisam-pirenena” io fa tsy dia mazava loatra izay tena tiany hambara. |
27 | Two Iranian cyber-activists, Amin Sabeti and Arash Kamangir, both consider this restriction confusing and remarked by email to me, that probably this refers to accessing the internet by satellite which is forbidden in Iran. | Ny mpazoto an-tserasera Iraniana roa, Amin Sabeti sy Arash Kamangir, dia samy mieritreritra avokoa tamin'ny imailaka nalefan'izy ireo ho ahy fa manjavozavo io fandrarana io ary nanamarika fa angamba miresaka momba ny fahazoana aterineto amin'ny alalan'ny zanabolana izay voarara any Iran io. |
28 | But it could also be a reference to using communications software like Skype. | Fa mety ho mifandraika ihany koa amin'ny fampiasana fifandraisana amin'ny rindrambaiko toy ny Skype izy io. |
29 | More than just words | Mihoatra noho ny teny fotsiny |
30 | This law is not just ink on paper. | Tsy ranomainty ambony taratasy fotsiny io lalàna io. |
31 | It has already been used several times in recent years to chain bloggers and cyber-activists. | Efa imbetsaka no nampiasana azy hanagadrana mpamaham-bolongana sy mpazoto an-tserasera tao anatin'ny taona vitsivitsy izay. |
32 | Iranian blogger Omid Reza Mir Sayafi was jailed for insulting religious leaders and died in prison in 2009. | Ny mpamaham-bolongana Iraniana Omid Reza Mir Sayafi izao dia efa nogadraina noho ny fanivaivàna mpitondra fivavahana ary dia maty tany am-ponja tamin'ny 2009. |
33 | Only two months ago, blogger Hossein Derakhshan was sentenced to 19 years in prison for cooperating with hostile countries, spreading propaganda, and insulting religious figures. | Vao roa volana monja izay ny mpamaham-bolongana Hossein Derakhshan no voaheloka 19 taona noho ny fiarahany miasa tamin'ny firenena fahavalo, fampielezan-kevitra ary fanivaivàna olom-pivavahana. |
34 | In the end, Iran's judiciary officials have led us to ask what is more dangerous for Iranian citizens - lawlessness or the laws themselves? | Farany dia mapametra-panontanina ho an'olom-pirenena Iraniana ny manampahefana eo amin'ny sehatry ny Fitsarana any Iran hoe iza no mampidi-doza kokoa - ny tsy fisian-dalàna sa ny lalàna mihitsy? |