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1 | Orphaned in US, SOPA Finds Home in Russia | Voasakana Tany Etazonia dia Nipoitra Tao Rosia Indray Ilay Lalàna SOPA |
2 | America's controversial Stop Online Piracy Act is back-and it's poised to become law in a matter of weeks. | Niverina ny lalàna Amerikana “Stop Online Piracy Act” - ary efa hihatra afaka herinandro eo ho eo. |
3 | SOPA, however, isn't coming to the United States, where a wide coalition of Internet companies, human rights organizations, and concerned citizens defeated the legislation with a massive protest campaign in January 2012. | Tsy ao Etazonia anefa ny SOPA no hivoaka, toerana izay nahitàna fihetsiketseham-bahoaka notontosain'ny fikambanan'ireo orinasa misahana ny aterineto, fikambanana Mpiaro ny Zon'olombelona, ary ireo mpampiasa aterneto mba hitsipahana ny lalàna tamin'ny volana Janoary 2012. |
4 | A law that creates similarly harsh penalties for online copyright violations is on the cusp of finding a home in Russia, where it is called “Bill № 292521-6 [ru]: Amendments to the Russian Federation's Laws Protecting Intellectual Property Rights on Information-Telecommunications Networks.” | Lalàna iray izay mamolavola Sazy henjana ho an'ireo izay manitsakitsaka ny zon'ny mpamorona anaty Aterneto no eo an-dalam-panantanterahana ao Rosia, izay antsoina hoe “ Volavolan-dalàna № 292521-6 [ru] : Fanovàna ny Lalàn'ny Federasiona Rosiana Miaro ny Zom-panànana amin'ny Torohay - Tambajotram-pifandraisana.” |
5 | The media, understandably, is just calling it “the Russian SOPA.” | Ny fampielezam-baovao, araky ny fahazoany azy, dia niantso izany fotsiny hoe “ SOPA Rosiana.” |
6 | The lower house of Russia's parliament, the Duma, approved [ru] a first draft of the legislation today, June 14, 2013, with a vote of 257 to 3 (plus one abstention). | Ny rantsam-pitsaràna ambany ao amin'ny Parlemanta, Duma, dia efa nanaiky[ru] ny volavolan-dalàna voalohany tamin'ilay lalàna anio 14 Jona 2013, tamin'ny vato miisa 257 teo anatrehan'ny vato miisa 3 (miampy vato fotsy iray). |
7 | This move by lawmakers comes despite unanimous opposition from Russia's Internet companies, which have rushed this week to publish detailed reports on the legislation's potentially catastrophic damage to the RuNet. | Noraisin'ireo mpanao lalàna izany dingana izany na dia teo aza ny fanoheran'ireo Orinasa rosiana misahana ny aterineto, izay nihazakazaka namoaka tatitra an-tsipiriany tamin'ity herinandro ity momba ny mety ho voka-dratsin'ny fampiharana izany lalàna izany ho an'ny RuNet. |
8 | This image was created by Kevin Rothrock using Vladimir Putin's official portrait by the Russian Presidential Press and Information Office, 2006, CC 3.0. | Ity sary ity dia noforonin'i Kevin Rothrock izay mampiasa ny sarin'i Vladimir Putin ofisialy tamin'ilay fifidiana Filoham-pirenena, sary avy any amin'ny biraon'ny Filazam-baovao sy Torohay ao amin'ny “Presidence” ao Rosia 2006, CC 3.0. |
9 | Russian SOPA's nuts and bolts | Ny fitsipiky ny SOPA Rosiana |
10 | Indeed, Russia's SOPA-clone contains a number of worrying clauses. | Mazava fa feno fitsipika mampiahiahy ny dika rosiana ho an'ny SOPA. |
11 | The law's regime for notifying Internet service providers of copyright abuses, for instance, is laughably inadequate. | Ny fitsipiky ny lalàna mba hampahafantarana ireo mpamatsy aterineto amin'ny fisian'ny tsy fanajàna “copyright” ohatra dia mampihomehy fa tsy mety mihitsy. |
12 | Copyright holders do not need to provide ISPs with the specific location of an infringement (not even a URL address), forcing Internet companies to conduct constant monitoring for possible misuses of (potentially) copyrighted materials. | Tsy voatery hangataka ny fanambarana mazava ny toerana nahitana ilay sy fanarahan-dalàna irIreo Tompon'ny zo “Copyright” (na dia adiresy URL aza) avy amin'ny mpamatsy aterineto, izay manery ireo orinasa misahana ny aterneto hanao fanaraha-maso tsy ankiato ny amin'ny mety hisian'ny fanararaotana (vinavinainy) amin'ireo fitaovana voaaron'ny “copyright”. |
13 | The law also revises the conditions of limited liability, exposing ISPs and other Internet intermediaries to legal responsibility in situations where they exercise no control over the content in question. | Manova ny fitsipiky ny andraikitra voafetra ihany koa ilay lalàna, izay mametraka ny andraikitra feno amin'ny mpamatsy sy ireo mpanelanelana hafa misahana ny aterneto raha toa ka tsy voafehin'izy ireo ny zavatra rehetra mivoaka ao aminy. |
14 | Russian search engine Yandex warns [ru]: | Nampitandrina [ru] ilay vohikalam-pikarohana Rosiana Yandex hoe : |
15 | [The law] allows us to come to the absurd conclusion that, having been notified by the copyright holder of a potential violation occurring in the transmission of materials, the ISP, which performs the transmission, will be required somehow to stop the transfer of some specific material, which is technically impossible. | [Ilay lalàna dia] manome alalana antsika hamintina fa, rehefa nampahafantatra tamin'ny mamatsy aterineto ny tompona “copyright” iray fa misy fandikàn-dalàna amin'ny fakàna na fampakarana votoaty iray, dia tsy maintsy hampihato ny famindràna izany votoaty izany ny mpamatsy, zavatra izay tsy azo tanterahina ara-teknika. |
16 | The Russian Association for Electronic Communications (RAEC), which participated in the Culture Ministry's working group [ru] on the anti-piracy legislation, has also criticized [ru] the law's lack of consideration for possible fair use of copyrighted materials. | Ny Fikambanana Rosiana ho an'ny Fifandraisana ara-Elektronika (RAEC), izay nandray anjara tamin'ilay Fikaonan-doha [ru] nokarakarain'ny Ministeran'ny Kolontsaina momba ilay lalàna miady amin'ny fijirihana, dia nanakiana koa [ru] ny tsy fahampian'ny fanomezan-danja ny fomba fampiasàna tsara ireo antontan-kevitra voaaro. |
17 | Additionally, the RAEC protests, the law creates circumstances wherein ISPs must take provisional measures before copyright holders have filed a formal claim with the courts. | Ankoatr'izay, manohitra ny RAEC, namorona tranga ilay lalàna izay tokony handraisan'ny mpamatsy aterineto fanapahan-kevitra dieny mialoha raha toa ka sendra misy fitarainana ataon'ireo tompon'ny zo “copyright” any amin'ny fitsarana. |
18 | Many opponents of the Russian SOPA cite this aspect of the law as an example of extrajudicial censorship. | Maro amin'ireo mpanohitra ilay SOPA Rosiana no nilaza fa ohatra iray amin'ny sivana ambonin'ny Fitsarana io andalàna iray amin'ny lalàna io. |
19 | The reality of the law's provisions is more complicated. | Sarotra kokoa ny fampihara ilay volavolan-dalàna. |
20 | According to the legislation, the Moscow City Court would serve as the court of first instance in all civil cases involving online copyright infringement. | Araky ny voalaza ao amin'ilay lalàna, ny Fitsarana Avon'ny tananan'i Moscou no hatao Fitsarana voalohany ireo raharaha mikasika ny fandikàn-dalana anaty Aterneto. |
21 | Copyright holders first appeal to the court with a complaint that their property is being misused online, attaching (1) proof that they own the materials in question, and (2) proof that someone else is using them. | Manao fitarainana aloha voalohany indrindra ireo tompon'ny “Copyright” momba ny fisian'ny fangalarana ny vokany tanaty aterneto, ampiarahina aminà (1) porofo ny amin'ny maha tompon'ilay “vokatra” azy ireo, ary (2) porofo fa nampiasain'ny olon-kafa ilay izy. |
22 | (The court is supposed to take no action, without these attachments.) | (Tsy afaka manao na inona na inona ny fitsarana raha tsy feno ireo atontan-taratasy ireo.) |
23 | The court then determines a deadline, not to exceed fifteen days, by which the plaintiff must file a formal statement of claim, which actually launches the legal suit. | Mametraka fe-potoana noho izany ny fitsarana, tsy mihoatra ny dimy ambiny folo andro, izay anaovan'ilay mpitory taratasy ofisialy, izay vao mandeha ny fanadihadiana. |
24 | In the two weeks between the initial appeal and the option to file a suit, however, the law empowers the Moscow Court to force ISPs to take “interim measures” to remove the content in question, or risk having their entire IP address blocked, if they fail to comply within three days. | Mandritra ny tapa-bolana manelanelana ny fotoana nametrahana ilay fitoriana sy ny famenoana ireo antontan-taratasy anefa, dia mampirisika ny Fitsarana ao Moscou ilay lalàna mba hanery ny mpamatsy aterineto handray “Fanapahan-kevitra vonjy maika” hanalàna ilay rakitra voalaza, raha tsy izany dia hahato tanteraka ilay adiresy IP, raha toa ka tsy vitan'izy ireo ny manala izany ao anatin'ny telo andro. |
25 | If the plaintiff fails to file suit after fifteen days, the court dismisses the case and lifts the order for interim measures. | Raha tsy feno anatin'ny 15 andro ireo antontan-taratasy ho an'ny fitoriana dia tsy heken'ny tribonaly ilay raharaha ary handraisany fanapahan-kevitra vonjy maika. |
26 | The RAEC claims that there is nothing in the legislation to prevent copyright holders from appealing to the Moscow Court every two weeks, without ever filing a formal suit. | Manambara ny RAEC fa tsy misy andininy ao anatin'ny lalàna milaza fa tsy azo atao ny mametraka fitarainana isaky ny tapa-bolana na dia tsy feno aza ireo antotan-taratasy ilaina. |
27 | In other words, determined plaintiffs could keep in force what are supposed to be interim measures, by using the law as a rotating door. | Izany hoe, afaka ampiasain'ireo mpitory mafana fo ho antony iray izany ny fandraisana fanapahan-kevitra vonjy maika, amin'ny fampiasana ilay lalàna ho toy ny varavarana ahatongavany amin'ny zavatra hafa. |
28 | The RAEC explains in its report [ru] on the legislation: | Nanazava ny RAEC ato amin'ny tatitra nalefany [ru] mikasika ilay lalàna hoe : |
29 | The copyright holder has the opportunity not to sue, but every fifteen days [it can] appeal for the application of new interim measures, and [the law] establishes no responsibility for such behavior. | Manan-jo tsy hametraka fitoriana ny tompon'ny “copyright”, nefa afaka mangataka ny hampiharana fanapahan-kevitra vonjy maika isaky ny dimy ambiny folo andro, ary tsy mametraka fepetra mikasika ny fihetsika sahala amin'izany ilay lalàna. |
30 | However, there is a provision in the law that allows ISPs to sue for losses incurred when executing the interim measures, if the plaintiff fails to file a formal suit within the fifteen-day period, or if an arbitration court later rejects the copyright holder's claim. | Na izany aza, misy andalàna iray mamela ireo mpampiasa aterineto hitory nohon'ny fahaverezana nihatra taminy tamin'ny fotoana nanatanterahany ilay fanapahan-kevitra vonjy maika, raha toa ilay mpitory ka tsy nahafeno ireo atontan-taratasy tao anatin'ny dimy ambiny folo andro, na koa tsy neken'ny tribonaly mpitsara ny fitorian'ilay tomponà “copyright”. |
31 | The current legislation [ru] reads: | Toy izao manaraka izao ilay lalàna [ru] : |
32 | The organization or citizen, whose rights and (or) lawful interests are violated by ensuring the [plaintiff's] property interests before the filing of a claim, has the right to demand their choice of indemnity for losses suffered […], if the plaintiff did not file a claim in the required time period […], or if a valid court decision by an arbitration court rejected [the plaintiff's] claim. | Ny fikambanana na olon-tsotra izay voahitsakitsaka ny zony sy (na) ny tombotsoany talohan'ny nametrahany fitarainana, dia manana zo hitaky ny hanonerana azy amin'ny zavatra very […], raha tsy mbola nahafeno ireo atontan-taratasy tao anatin'ny fotoana nolazaina izy ireo […], na nolavin'ny tribonaly mpanapa-kevitra ilay fangatahany. |
33 | Finally, the RAEC complains that the law creates a jurisdiction overlap with existing arbitration procedure code, and generates an inconvenient and inefficient legal bottleneck by forcing all parties, regardless of their location, to deal with a Moscow court. | Farany, nitaraina ny RAEC fa mahatonga fifangaroana ara-pitsarana ilay lalàna amin'ny fisian'ilay fehezan-dalàna manelanelana, ary mahatonga fifanolanana ara-pitsarana tsy mitombona sy tsy mahomby amin'ny alalan'ny fanerena ny andaniny rehetra, na aiza na aiza misy azy, hametraka fitoriana ao amin'ny Tribonalin'i Moscou. |
34 | Stakeholders propose changes | Mitaky fanitsiana ireo Mpandray anjara |
35 | The new anti-piracy law also calls for blocking entire IP addresses, in the event of noncompliance with court-ordered interim measures. | Mitaky ny fampihatoana tanteraka ny adiresy IP koa ilay lalàna miady amin'ny fijirihana, raha toa ka tsy tanteraka ilay fanapahan-kevitra vonjy maika. |
36 | The push for blacklisting entire IPs is surprising, given the growing consensus that this method is more likely to damage legitimate websites than the Web's copyright infringers, who can easily circumvent an IP blacklist by changing hosts, adopting dynamic IP addresses, and so on. | Tena mahagaga ny fanerena amin'ny fanakanana ny IP iray manontolo, indrindra fa fantatra fa io no mety hanimba ny vohikala nohon'ny fanaon'ireo mpijirika ny “copyright”, izay afaka manova ny lisitra maintin'ny IP mora foana amin'ny fanovàna ny tompony, manova ny adiresy IP, sy ny sisa sy ny sisa. |
37 | While Internet service providers and industry experts have long criticized IP blocking (which came packaged in Russia's legislation last year to blacklist online materials harmful to children), even Roskomnadzor-the government body responsible for administering that blacklist-recently acknowledged the inefficiency of IP blocking in a post [ru] on its new public outreach website, “WeCanTrust.net.” | Raha toa ireo mpamatsy aterneto sy ireo manam-pahaizana manokana ka nanakiana lava ilay fampihatona IP (izay tafiditra tanatin'ny lalàna Rosiana tamin'ny taon-dasa mikasika ny fanakanana ireo rakitra amin'ny aterineto izay tsy azo jeren'ny ankizy), na ny Roskomnadzor aza - sampandraharaha ao amin'ny governemanta miandraikitra ilay lisitra mainty - dia nanaiky vao tsy ela akory ny tsy fahombiazan'nyfanakanana IP tao amin'ny lahatsoratra [ru] iray tao amin'ny vohikalany vaovao natao ho an'ny daholo be, “WeCanTrust.net.” |
38 | The Duma's Committee on Culture has also proposed a series of controversial amendments that could appear in the next iteration of the legislation. | Ny komitin'ny Duma misahana ny Kolontsaina ihany koa dia nanolotra fanovàn-dalàna mety hiseho amin'ny fanovàna manaraka atao amin'ny lalàna. |
39 | The Committee's suggestions include an expansion of the law's applicability to search engines; the creation of a new blacklist for all websites containing illegal materials; and applying the law not just to audiovisual content, but also to “books, articles, photographs, and other copyrighted objects.” | Ahitàna fanitarana any amin'ireo fitaovam-pikarohana ny hevitra naroson'ilay komity ; ny fananganana lisitra mainty vaovao ho an'ireo vohikala ahitàna rakitra tsy manara-dalàna ; ary ny fampiharana ilay lalàna tsy amin'ny haino man-jery irery ihany, fa amin'ny “boky, lahatsoratra, sary sy rakitra voaaro hafa koa. |
40 | Yesterday, on June 13, 2013, Yandex sent [ru] the Duma its official list [ru] of comments and suggestions for revising the anti-piracy law, as the bill heads back to committee for more amendments, ahead of its second and third readings on the parliament floor, which could take place as early as next week [ru]. | Omaly, 13 Jona 2013, Yandex dia nandefa [ru] tany amin'ny Duma ny lisitra ofisialiny [ru] ahitana ireo fanehoan-kevitra sy tolo-kevitra maro ny amin'ny tokony handinihana indray ilay lalàna iadiana amin'ny fijirihana, satria miverina mitodika amin'ny kaomity ny lalàna ho an'ny fanovàna maro kokoa, alohan'ny hamakian'ny parlemanta azy fanindroany sy fanintelony, izay mety hotanterahina amin'ny herinandro [ru]. |
41 | In a blog post [ru] that also sharply criticized the new legislation, Google Russia's Director of Government Relations, Marina Zhunich, announced that Google, too, has shared with the Duma its recommendations for eliminating the most radical aspects of the draft legislation. | Tao aminà lahatsoratra blaogy iray [ru] izay nanakiana mafy koa ilay lalàna, ny Talen'ny Google misahana ny Fifandraisana amin'ny Governemanta ao Rosia, Marina Zhunich, dia nanambara fa Google, koa, dia nandefa tany amin'ny Duma ny fangatahany hanesorana ny didy jadona rehetra hita ao amin'ilay lalàna. |
42 | Both Google and Yandex are calling for amendments that would render the Russian SOPA more similar to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, another American law, passed in 1998 by a unanimous vote in the United States Senate and signed into law by President Bill Clinton. | Na ny Google na ny Yandex dia mangataka fanovana izay ahatonga ny SOPA rosiana hanakaiky kokoa ny Digital Millennium Copyright Act, lalàna Amerikana iray hafa, nekena tao amin'ny Atenimieran'i Etazonia ny taona 1998 ary nataon'ny filoha Bill Clinton ho lalàna. |
43 | Unlike the anti-piracy law that Russian legislators are now considering, the DMCA exempts from liability Internet service providers and other intermediaries under a regime in which copyright holders directly notify ISPs of infringement claims, without the application of automatic censorship or state-administered blacklists. | Mifanohitra tanteraka amin'ilay lalàna neken'ny Rosiana ankehitriny, ny DMCA dia manome vahana ireo mpamatsy Aterneto sy ireo mpanelanelana hafa izay tompon'ny “Copyright” amin'ny alalan'ilay lalàna hanitsy avy hatrany ny mpamatsy aterineto izay nanao ny fijirihana, ary tsy mampiasa ny fampihatoana avy hatrany na ny fanaovana lisitra mainty araky ny voalazan'ny fanjakana. |