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1Angola: Award-Winning Journalist Faces Trial Over ‘Blood Diamonds’ InvestigationAngolà: Miatrika Fitsaràna Momba Ny Fanadihadihana Ny “Diamondra Mihoson-drà” Ilay Mpanao Gazety Nahazo Loka
2Jonathan McCully contributed to this report.Nandray anjara tamin'ny fanaovana ity tatitra ity i Jonathan McCully.
3Last month, Rafael Marques de Morais was awarded the Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Award for Journalism for his “impactful, original, and unwavering investigative journalism” in his home country of Angola.Ny volana lasa teo, nomena ny Lokan'ny Fitorohana ny Famerana ny Fahalalahana Miteny an'ny fanaovan-gazety i Rafael Marques de Morais, noho ny “fanaovan-gazetiny mihatra amin'ny fiainana, hafa noho ny an'ny rehetra ary ny fanadihadiana nataony tsy nisy fahadisoana” ao amin'ny firenena niaviany, ao Angolà.
4Tomorrow, he will face trial on multiple charges of criminal defamation because of his work as a journalist.Rahampitso, ho tsaraina amin'ny fiampangàna maro anà fanalam-baràka melohan'ny lalàna, noho ny asany amin'ny maha mpanao gazety azy izy.
5In his acceptance speech, Marques de Morais spoke of his belief in the “power of solidarity” and dedicated the award to Eskinder Nega and Reeyot Alemu, his colleagues in Ethiopia who are currently serving time in prison for exercising their right to freedom of expression.Tamin'ny kabarim-panekeny, niresaka ny finoany amin'ny ” herin'ny fiombonana” i Marques de Morais, ary nanolotra ilay loka ho an'i Eskinder Nega sy i Reeyot Alemu, ireo mpiara-miasa aminy any Etiopia, izay manefa ny saziny any am-ponja ankehitriny noho ny fampiasàn'izy ireo ny zony amin'ny fahalalahana miteny.
6Marques de Morais has been a prominent investigative journalist in Angola for over two decades, working for national and international news outlets, in addition to his own investigative news site, Maka Angola.Mpanao gazety malaza momba ny fanadihadiana i Marques de Morais, any Angolà, efa maherin'ny roapolo taona izay, niara-niasa tamin'ireo mpampiely vaovao teo an-toerana sy maneran-tany, ho fanampin'ny vohikalany manokana an'ny fanadihadiana, Maka Angola.
7The subject matter of his trial is his book Blood Diamonds: Corruption and Torture in Angola, which has been heralded not only as a serious piece of investigative journalism, but also as a significant work of human rights reporting.Ny anton'ny hitsaràna azy dia noho ilay bokiny “Blood Diamonds” (Diamondra Mihoson-drà): ny Kolikoly ary Fampijaliana any Angolà, izay nosoritana tsy sahala amin'ny asa matotra anà fanadihadiana amin'ny fanaovan-gazety fotsiny, fa asa mivaingana amin'ny fanairana ny zon'olombelona ihany koa.
8The book documents numerous human rights abuses committed by Angolan military generals in the course of diamond mining operations in the country, shining a spotlight on an often underreported sector of the Angolan economy.Milaza fanitsakitsahana ny zon'olombelona maro nataon'ireo miaramila jeneraly Angolane, tamin'ireo asa fitrandrahana diamondra ao amin'ny firenena, ilay boky, nanome fahazavana lehibe tamin'ny sehatra izay tsy dia resahina matetika amin'ny toekarena Angolane.
9As a result of his reporting on these matters, Marques de Morais faces a claim in damages totaling $1.6 million and nine years' imprisonment.Ho vokatr'ireo nitanterany ireo olana ireo, miatrika fitarainana fangatahana 1.600.000 dolara sy famonjàna mandritra ny sivy taona i Marques de Morais.
10This is an extortionate penalty for informing the public of grave human rights allegations.Sazy mihoapapana ireo, noho ny fampahafantarana ireo vahoaka ny fanitsakitsahana lehibe ny zon'olombelona.
11His trial begins on 23 April, at the Luanda Provincial Court in Angola.Manombola ny 23 Aprily ny fitsaràna azy, ao amin'ny Fitsaràm-paritanin'i Luanda ao Angolà.
12Marques de Morais is no stranger to this form of oppression.Tsy vaovao amin'io fomba famoretana io i Marques de Morais.
13On three occasions in 1999, he wrote articles critical of President Dos Santos in the independent Angolan newspaper Agora.Efa intelo tamin'ny taona 1999, nanortara lahatsoratra goavana momba ny Filoham-pirenena Dos Santos, tao amin'ny gazety an-tsoratra tsy miankina Angolane, Agora, izy.
14He stated that the President was responsible for the “destruction of the country,” and blamed him for the promotion of incompetence and corruption in political life.Nilaza izy fa tompon'andraikitra tamin'ny “fahapotehan'ny firenena” ny filoham-pirenena, ary niampanga azy amin'ny fampiroboroboana ny tsy fahaizana sy ny kolikoly amin'ny fiainana ara-politika.
15Marques de Morais was jailed for 43 days without charge, and thereafter prosecuted and eventually found guilty of the “crime of injury” towards the President, given a six-month suspended prison sentence and ordered to pay damages.Nampidirina am-ponja 43 andro tsy nisy fanamelohana i Marques de Morais, ary avy eo nohenjehina ary ny farany hita ho meloka tamin'ny “heloka fandratràna” ny Filoha, nomena famonjàna sazy niantona enim-bolana ary natao nandoa onitra.
16The UN Human Rights Committee reasoned that the severity of these criminal sanctions “cannot be considered as a proportionate measure to protect public order or the honour and the reputation of the President, a public figure who, as such, is subject to public criticism and opposition.”Nahatsapa ny Kaomity Miaro ny Zon'olombelona UN fa ireo fahenjanan'ireo sazy avy amin'ny fanamelohan'ny lalàna ireo dia “tsy afaka jerena ho sazy mifanaraka mba hiarovana ny filaminana na ny voninahitra sy ny lazan'ny Filoha, olona fata-bahoaka, izay araka izany, miatrika tsikeram-bahoaka sy fanoherana.”
172015 Index on Censorship award winners.Nahazo ny loka Index on Censorship 2015.
18Rafael Marques de Morais, Safa Al Ahmad, Amran Abdundi, Mouad “El Haqed” Belghouat (GV Advox member) and Tamas Bodoky of Atlatszo.Rafael Marques de Morais, Safa Al Ahmad, Amran Abdundi, Mouad “El Haqed” Belghouat (mpikambana amin'ny GV Advox) ary i Tamas Bodoky ao amin'ny Atlatszo.
19Photo by Alex Brenner for Index on Censorship.Sary avy tamin'i Alex Brenner ho an'ny Fitorohana ny Famerana.
20During the early 2000s, Marques de Morais researched the trade in conflict diamonds in Angola and uncovered human rights abuses in the Lunda region of Angola.Nandritra ny voalohandohan'ny taona 2000, nanao fikarohana momba ny varotra diamondra mampifanditra any Angolà i Marques de Morais, ary ny fanitsakitsahana ny zon'olombelona tsy asian-dresaka ao Lunda, faritanin'i Angolà.
21In 2011, he published Diamantes de sangue: Corrupção e tortura em Angola (Blood Diamonds: Corruption and Torture in Angola) in Portugal.Ny taona 2011, namoaka ny “Diamantes de sangue” izy: Corrupção e tortura em Angola (Blood Diamonds: Kolikoly sy Fampijaliana any Angolà) tany Portogaly.
22The book detailed the reported homicides, torture, intimidation and land grabbing experienced by inhabitants over a period of 18 months in the diamond mining areas of the Lunda region.Ilay boky dia nitanisa antsipirihany ireo famonoana notanterina, fampijaliana, fampitahorana ary ny fibodoana ireo tany nohajarian'ireo mponina, mihoatra ny 18 volana, any amin'ny toerana fitrandrahana diamondra any amin'ny faritany Lunda.
23It included ground-breaking reports of 500 cases of torture and 100 killings.Ahitana ireo tatitra vaovao tsy fahita anà tranga miisa 500 mikasika ny fampijaliana ary famonoana miisa 100.
24According to the book, guards from a private security firm and a number of generals in the Angolan Armed Forces were complicit in these abuses.Araka ilay boky, niray tsikombakomba tamin'ireo fanitsakitsahana ireo, ireo mpiambina avy amin'ny orinasa tsy miankina momba ny fiambenana ary ireo jeneraly maro ao amin'ny Hery Mitam-piadiana Angolane.
25In November 2011, Marques de Morais filed a criminal complaint in Luanda accusing nine Angolan generals of crimes against humanity and corruption in connection to the diamond mining activities that had taken place in the Lunda region.Ny volana Novambra 2011, nametraka fitoriana mombanà heloka melohan'ny lalàna i Marques de Morais, tao Luanda, niampanga jeneraly Angolana sivy ho nanao heloka famonoana vahoako ary kolokoly mifandray amin'ny asa fitrandrahana diamondra izay atao ao amin'ny faritanin'i Lunda.
26But the Attorney General's office refused to take the case, arguing that the information provided by victims was “worthless” as they had “not provided any new information” beyond what they had communicated to Marques de Morais for his book.Anefa tsy nanaiky nandray ilay fitarainana ny biraon'ny Filoha Mpampanoa, nilaza fa “tsy manan-danja” ireo loharanom-baovao nomen'ireo olona niharan-doza, satria izy ireo “tsy nanome loharanom-baovao vaovao” mihoatra ny zavatra nolazain'izy ireo tamin'i Marques de Morais ho an'ny bokiny.
27In 2012, a group of Angolan generals filed a criminal defamation complaint against Marques de Morais in Portugal over the book.Ny taona 2012, nametraka fitoriana mombanà heloka melohan'ny lalàna anà fanalam-baràka ny vondrona jeneraly Angolane, nitory an'i Marques de Morais, tany Portogaly noho ilay boky.
28On 11 February 2013, to the dissatisfaction of the generals who made the criminal complaint, the Portuguese Prosecution Service chose not to pursue the matter, stating that Marques de Morais' “intention is clearly not to offend, but to inform.”Ny 11 Febroary 2013, tsy nahazo fahafahampo ireo jeneraly nametraka ilay fitoriana raharaha melohan'ny lalàna, nisafidy ny tsy hanohy ny raharaha ny Sampana Fitsaràna Portogay, nilaza fa “tsy ny hanafintohina mihitsy, fa ny hampahafantatra” ny fikasàn'i Marques de Morais.
29In March 2013, the generals brought a civil claim before the Lisbon Court demanding compensation of $400,000 for the alleged defamatory statements made in the book.Ny volana Marsta 2013, nitondra ny raharaha fitoriana teo amin'ny ady heloka tsotra indray ireo jeneraly, tao amin'ny fitsaràna Lisbon, nangataka onitra mitentina 400.000 dolara noho ireo fanambaràna lazainy fa fanalam-baràka, natao tao amin'ilay boky.
30While civil proceedings in Portugal were still ongoing, on 3 April 2013, Marques de Morais was summoned for interrogation by the Organised Crime Unit of the National Police in Luanda, Angola.Raha mbola teo an-dàlana ny fizotry ny raharaha ady heloka tsotra tany Portogaly, ny 3 Aprily 2013, nantsoin'ny Sampana misahana ny Heloka Voaomana an'ny Mpitandro ny Filaminana Nasionaly any Luanda, Angolà, hanaovana fametraham-panontaniana i Marques de Morais.
31He was summoned without a warrant, interrogated in the absence of his lawyer, and not informed of the nature of the evidence that had been collected against him.Nampiantsoina tsy nisy taratasy fampilazàna izy, nanontaniana tsy teo anatrehan'ny mpisolo vava-ny, ary tsy nolazaina ny fihavian'ireo porofo nangonina manohitra azy.
32After a series of irregular summons and encounters with the prosecution, Marques de Morais was eventually informed that his trial was to take place in December 2014.Taorian'ny fihaonana sy fanenjehana tsy ara-dalàna maro, nolazaina ny farany i Marques de Morais fa atao ny volana Desambra 2014 ny fitsaràna azy.
33This hearing was eventually rescheduled by the Angolan authorities in an apparent attempt to dissuade foreign observers and members of the public from attending the hearing.Nahemotr'ireo manam-pahefana Angolane moa ny farany io fangalàna am-bavany azy io, tamin'ny fanandramana hita mazava, mba nandresy lahatra ireo mpanara-maso avy any ivelany ary ireo vahoaka sasany mba hanatrika ilay fitsaràna azy.
34At the end of 2014, the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights ruled that custodial sanctions could only be used as a legitimate interference with freedom of expression under very limited circumstances such as incitement to hatred or violence.Ny faran'ny taona 2014, namoaka lalàna ny Fitsaràna Afrikàna amin'ny zon'olombelona sy ny vahoaka, fa ireo sazy famerana dia tokony ampiasaina amin'ny fanakorontanana hita soritra amin'ny fahalalahana miteny ihany, izay mbola amin'ireo tranga tena voafetra ihany koa, sahala amin'ny hoe fiantsiana fankahalàna na fanaovana herisetra.
35It also stated that all sanctions that are of a criminal nature, including civil fines, must be necessary and proportionate to the crime in question.Nilaza ihany koa io fa ireo sazy rehetra izay avy amin'ny heloka bevava, tafiditra ao ireo raharaha sivily, dia tokony ilaina tokoa ary hifanaraka amin'ilay heloka.
36Angolan authorities are seeking to punish Marques de Morais under criminal defamation laws that present a clear affront to the right to freedom of expression.Mitady ny hanasazy an'i Marques de Morais amin'ny lalànan'ny heloka bevava an'ny fanalam-baraka ireo manam-pahefana Angolane, izay mametraka fanoherana mazava ny zo amin'ny fahalalahana miteny.
37This right is recognised by Article 9 of the African Charter, which is binding on Angola, as interpreted by the African Court.Ekena ao amin'ny lalàna andiany faha 9 ao amin'ny Fifanarahana Afrikàna io zo io, izay tsy maintsy arahana any Angolà, araka ny fanambaran'ny Fitsaràna Afrikana.
38Not only is he facing a nine-month custodial sentence for reporting on issues of public interest, but there is no demonstrated legitimate reason why for authorities to seek such a harsh penalty.Tsy hoe miatrika sazy famerana ny fahalalahany mandritra ny sivy volana fotsiny izy noho ny fitaterany ireo olana amin'ny tombotsoam-bahoaka, fa tsy nisy antony ara-dalàna naroso ihany koa hoe inona ny antony hitadiavan'ireo manam-pahefana sazy henjana toy izany.
39Marques de Morais' case is a clear illustration of Angola's continuing campaign of prosecuting those who exercise their right to freedom of expression for legitimate journalistic purposes.Ny raharaha Marques de Morais dia fampisehoana mazava ny fanohizan'i Angolà ny hetsika famoretana amin'ireo izay mampiasa ireo zo-ny, amin'ny fahalalahana maneho hevitra, ho amin'ny tanjona famoaham-baovao ara-dalàna.
40His story highlights the often disproportionate criminal sanctions that can be incurred by those who seek to speak out against corruption and human rights abuses in Angola.Ny tantarany dia manazava ireo sazy amin'ny heloka bevava izay matetika tsy mifandanja, izay mety homena ireo mitady hiteny mivantana ny kolikoly sy ny fanitsakitsahana ny zon'olombelona any Angolà.
41We hope that the Angolan court will take into account its commitments under Article 9 of the African Charter when it hears the case on 23 April 2015.Manantena izahay fa ny fitsaràna Angolana dia hanaraka ireo fanekena nataony araka ny Andininy faha 9 an'ny Fifanarahana Afrikana rehefa hihaino ny raharaha izy ny 23 Aprily 2015.
42But we also know that Marques de Morais' position remains precarious.Kanefa fantatray ihany koa fa mbola tena marefo ny toerana'i Marques de Morais.
43Jonathan McCully is Case and Project Support Officer at the Media Legal Defence Initiative (MLDI), a global legal support organization that helps journalists, bloggers, and independent media outlets defend their rights by offering both financial assistance and substantive litigation support.I Jonathan McCully ny Mpampiatrano ary Masoivoho Mpanohana ny Tetikasa amin'ny “Media Legal Defence Initiative (MLDI)(Fandraisan'andraikitra Fiarovana ireo Media amin'ny Lalàna), fikambanana mpanohana ara-dalàna maneran-tany izay manampy ireo mpanao gazety, mpitoraka bilaogy, ary ireo media tsy miankina; miaro ireo zo-ny, amin'ny fanomezana azy ireo fanampiana ara-bola ary fanohanana amin'ny tena fifandirana.
44Nani Jansen is MLDI's Legal Director.I Nani Jansen no Tale Ara-dalànan'ny MLDI.