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1 | Brazil: Children's Book Sparks Racism Debate | Brezila: Adihevitra manodidina ny boky ho an'ny ankizy manavakava-bolonkoditra |
2 | Whilst reading this article, why not listen to the song Yellow Woodpecker's Ranch (Sítio do Pica-Pau Amarelo) [pt], the soundtrack of the classic Brazilian television series based on Monteiro Lobato's children's books. | Eo am-pamakiana ity lahatsoratra ity, maninona moa raha mba mihaino ihany koa ny hira Yellow Woodpecker's Ranch (Sítio do Pica-Pau Amarelo) [pt], feonkira mahazatran'ny tantara mitohy amin'ny fahitalavitra Breziliana nalaina tamina bokin'ny ankizy nosoratan'i Monteiro Lobato. |
3 | Song by Gilberto Gil, available from the artist's website. | Hira noforonin'i Gilberto Gil, azo henoina ao amin'ny tranonkalan'ny mpanakanto. |
4 | Click to open the audio player in another window. | Tsindrio eto handefasana ny raki-kira amin'ny varavarankely hafa. |
5 | During recent months Brazilian citizen media has been debating literature, censorship, racism and education, following the suggestion by the country's National Council on Education (NCE) to withdraw celebrated author Monteiro Lobato's book Caçadas de Pedrinho (Pete's Hunting) [pt] from schools. | Volana vitsivitsy izay, niady hevitra momba ny haisoratra, ny sivana, ny fanavakavaham-bolonkoditra ary ny fampianarana ny valan-tserasera Breziliana, arahin'ny soso-kevitra avy amin'ny Vaomieram-pirenena momba ny fampianarana mba hanalana ny bokin'ny mpanoratra malaza Monteiro Lobato Caçadas de Pedrinho (Mandeha mihaza i Petera) [pt] tsy ho ampiasaina eny an-tsekoly. |
6 | Lobato's Caçadas de Pedrinho was made into a famous television series in the 1980s which is still broadcast in Portuguese language-speaking countries today. | Natao horonantsary mihetsika mitohy amin'ny fahitalavitra ny Caçadas de Pedrinho an'i Lobato nandritra ny taompolo 1980 izay mbola mandeha amin'ny firenena miteny Portigey amin'izao fotoana izao. |
7 | In the late 1990s it was adopted as teaching material in schools throughout Brazil, and it has also been part of a government program that distributes books to children in public schools. | Tany amin'ny faramparan'ny taona 1990, noraisina ho fitaovam-pampianarana any an-tsekoly manerana an'i Brezila izy, ary isan'ny fandaharam-pampianaran'ny governemanta ihany koa izany ny mizara ny boky eny amin'ny sekolim-panjakana. |
8 | However, at the end of 2010 a citizen filed a complaint claiming the book does not follow NCE's courseware directives [pt], particularly regarding “the absence of prejudice, estereotypes or doctrination”, in a list of criteria that also includes “the quality of the text, the theme, the graphic quality and the reading potential, considering the target audience”. | Na izany aza, taty amin'ny faraparan'ny taona 2010, dia nametraka taratasy fitarainana mikasika ny boky ny olom-pirenena iray milaza fa tsy mifanaraka amin'ny tondrozotram-pampianarana [pt] avy amin'ny Vaomieram-pirenena ny boky indrindra eo amin'ny “fahabangan'ny fitsarana mialoha, ny fomba fitenenana mahazatra na ny fanisihana miverimberina”, ao anatin'ny mason-tsivana ihany koa no ahitana ny “kalitaon'ny lahatsoratra, ny lohahevitra, ny kalitaon'ny sary ary ny lanjan'ny vakinteny aminy, raha jerena hoe iza ny mpamaky kinendry”. |
9 | Sergio Leo explains: | Manazava i Sergio Leo : |
10 | (…) experts in the Ministry of Education analyzed the complaint and had to admit that the novel presents racist elements and concluded that, as it is, the book should not be part of the distribution list unless it offers some kind of guidence to teacher and young readers, showing that back in 1933 there was more racism in Brazil and that the derogatory references made by Lobato to black people should not be taken as normal behaviour. | (…) Namakafaka ny fitarainana ny manampahaizana avy amin'ny Minisiteran'ny Fampianarana ary nanaiky fa maneho singa fanavakavaham-bolonkoditra ilay boky tantara ary nanao fehinteny fa noho izany zavatra izany, dia tsy tokony ho isan'ny boky zaraina intsony io, raha tsy hoe angaha ka manome karazana torolalana ho an'ny mpampianatra sy ho an'ny tanora mpamaky azy, misy ny fitantarana ny taona 1933 izay mbola nisinisy kokoa ny fanavakavaham-bolon-koditra tany Brezila ary tsy tokony ho raisina ho toetra fanao andavanandro ny fihoarana manokana nataon'i Lobato amin'ny olona mainty hoditra. |
11 | Opposition to the suggested withdrawal has come from many sides. | Avy any amin'ny lafivalo ihany koa ny fanoherana izany fanesorana ny boky izany. |
12 | Intellectuals from the Brazilian Academy of Letters have protested [pt] the move. | Nitsipaka [pt] ny hetsika ny manam-pahaizana Akademisiana Breziliana momba ny Teny. |
13 | Jarbas, from the blog Boteco Escola (Pub School) [pt] described the case as “pedagogical censorship”. | Nanoritra ny tranga ho ” fanivanana ara-pedagojika” i Jarbas, avy ao amin'ny bilaogy Boteco Escola (Sekolim-panjakana) [pt] . |
14 | The blog Música Pura (Pure Music) [pt] stated that literature is a heritage that cannot be proofread according to conceptual innovations. | Nilaza ny bilaogy Música Pura (Mozika ranoray) [pt] fa lova ny literatiora ka tsy azo ampifanarahana amin'ny fivoaram-pisainana. |
15 | Aldo Rebelo from the Communist Party posted [pt] a harsh criticism comparing the veto applied to Caçadas de Pedrinho to the installation of “a literary court in Brazil”. | Mafy ny fanakianan'i [pt] Aldo Rebelo avy ao amin'ny Antoko Komonista raha misy ny karazana veto ampiharina amin'ny Caçadas de Pedrinho amin'ny fametrahana ny “Fitsaran'ny haisoratra any Brezila”. |
16 | Valdeci, from the blog Mais de 140 caracteres (More than 140 characters) [pt], made an appeal not only in support of Lobato but also to all writers who dared to challenge political correctness: | Valdeci, avy eo amin'ny bilaogy Mais de 140 caracteres (marika mihoatra ny 140 ) [pt], no niantso fanohanana tsy amin'i Lobato ihany fa amin'ny mpanoratra rehetra izay nahasahy nihaika ny mahay mitondra tena ara-politika (politiquement correct): |
17 | Now the National Council on Education will assume the right to invade publishers all over the world, as if it was the sole guardian of truth, to retake the novels of Monteiro Lobato, Machado de Assis, Castro Alves and so many other writers that “dared” to write their stories free from the hypocrisy of political correctness (a concept that didn't even exist in their time)… | Avelao hizaka ny zony manafika ny mpanonta pirinty manerana izao tontolo izao ny Vaomieram-pirenena momba ny Fanabeazana, toy ny hoe izy irery ihany no tokana mpiambina ny marina, mitdy hanova ny fitantaran'i Monteiro Lobato, Machado de Assis, Castro Alves ary ireo mpanoratra hafa maro izay “nahasahy” nanoratra amin-kahalalahana ny tantarany afaka amin'ny fihatsarambelatsihin'ny fahaiza-mitondra tena ara-politika (petrakevitra tsy mbola nisy akory tamin'ny androny)… |
18 | Picture of Monteiro Lobato, circa 1920. | Sarin-i Monteiro Lobato, nanodidina ny 1920. |
19 | Image in public domain. | Sary amin'ny tranom-panjakana. |
20 | Monteiro Lobato is the mastermind responsible for books that have entertained generations of Brazil's children. | I Monteiro Lobato no atidoha tompon'andraikitra voalohany ny boky hanalana voly ny ankizy tamin'ireo taranaka Breziliana maro nifandimby. |
21 | Viewed as a national hero, he has made a significant contribution to the country's cultural heritage. | Noheverina ho maherifon'ny firenena, tena nanana anjara be tokoa izy tamin'ny lova ara-kolotsain'ny firenena. |
22 | Brazilian author Maurício de Souza, the creator of children's comic book Turma da Mônica (Monica's Gang) [pt], was quoted by Silvana Nunes in Meu caderno de poesias (My poetry notebook) [pt], making a heartfelt defense of Lobato's work: | Maurício de Souza mpamorona ny boky tantara an-tsary Turma da Mônica (Ny tarik'i Monica) dia nakan'i Silvana Nunes ao amin'ny Meu caderno de poesias (Ny kahien'ny tononkaloko) [pt] hevitra tamin'ny fanohanana amin-kafanam-po ny asa soratr'i Lobato: |
23 | (…) meanwhile he fought a war against backwardness, he was seeding ideas and books for children. | (…) Na izany aza dia niady tamin'ny fihemorana aza izy, ka nanan-kevitra mandrakariva sy nanoratra boky maromaro ho an'ny ankizy. |
24 | The best of all times. | Ny tsara indrindra nandritra ny fotoana rehetra. |
25 | However, César Baldi cited by BloQ [pt], sees limiting the idea of racism to the moment the book was written (an argument used in Lobato's defense) as denying the permanent nature of the discrimination of black people. | Na izany aza, hitan'i César Baldi tanisain'ny BloQ [pt] ho voafetra amin'ny resaka fanavakavahana nandritra ny fotoana nanoratana ny boky (fehin-kevitra ampiasaina hiarovana an'i Lobato) dia fandavana ny endrika fanavakavahana mihatra hatrany amin'ny mainty hoditra. |
26 | The cast of Yellow Woodpecker Ranch in the Globo television series based on Monteiro Lobato's children's books. | Ny tranon'ny Yellow Woodpecker Ranch ao amin'ny horonantsarin'ny fahitalavitra Globo nalaina tamin'ny bokin'ny ankizy nosoratan' Monteiro Lobato'. |
27 | Image courtesy of Obvious magazine. | Sary nahazoana alalana tamin'ny gazety boky Obvious. |
28 | Terezinha Pereira from the blog Alma Carioca (Carioca Soul) [pt], questioned the criteria adopted by the NCE and the Special Secretariat in the analysis of the complaint: | Nanontany ny mason-tsivana ilain'ny Vaomieran'ny Fanabeazam-pirenena sy ny Sekreterra manokana i Terezinha Pereira avy ao amin'ny bilaogy Alma Carioca (fanahin'ny Carioca) [pt] amin'ny fandalinana ny fitarainana: |
29 | They probably don't even imagine that fictional characters have “their own say” which is not necessarily the same as the author's. | Mety tsy nalaindry zareo an-tsaina akory fa mety tsy hitovy amin'izay eritreretin'ny mpanoratra ny eritreretiny amin'izay lazain'ny olona noforonina anaty tantara “manana ny fomba fiteniny manokana” . |
30 | And what if they were alike? | Ary raha mitovy moa izany? |
31 | Wouldn't this be a good point with which to foster debate at school? | Tsy teboka tsara ve izany hisian'ny adihevitra ao an-tsekoly? |
32 | Idelber Avelar, from the blog O biscoito fino e a massa (The cracker and the mass) [pt], gave an educational perspective to the matter: | Manome fomba fijery ara-pampianarana mikasika ny resaka i Idelber Avelar, avy ao amin'ny bilaogy O biscoito fino e a massa (Ny biskoy sy ny vahoaka ) [pt]: |
33 | it is necessary to contextualize so that epithets, discriminatory behaviours, explicit racial profiling, hate towards people or sexual orientation, and so on, either sanctioned or presented as usual behaviour in the context in which the novel was written or within the novels (…) are read in a critical perspective and not replicated as models by students. | Ilaina ny mahafantatra ny tontolo manodidina mba hametrahana ny fomba fiteny, ny fihetsika manilakilaka, ny fomba mampivandravandra ny volonkoditra, ny fankahalana olona na fankahalana noho ny fironana fitiavana (hafahafa) sy ny hafa koa voasoratra na hita ao anaty tantara ho nekena na notsipahin(ny fiarahamonina) nandritra ny nanoratana azy ny boky(…) vakiana amim-pahaizana amom-pahamailoana ny tantara fa tsy hoe ho modelin'ny mpianatra. |
34 | It is not as easy as it seems. | Tsy mora jerena izany tsy akory. |
35 | In Lobato's case, the difficulty becomes huge. | Raha ny momba ny an'i Lobato dia vao maika sarotra ny raharaha. |
36 | To Sergio Leo [pt] the greater share of critics of the NCE's report never read Lobato's novels, getting to know his work only through television adaptations which were freed from “racism and other stuff”. | Ho an'i Sergio Leo [pt] dia mbola tsy namaky ny bokin'i Lobato ny ankamaroan'ireo mpandalina avy ao amin'ny Vaomieran'ny Fanabeazam-pirenena, fa nahalala ny asany tamin'ny alalan'ny fanamboaran'ny fahitalavitra azy izay efa tsy misy “fanavakavahana sy zavatra hafa” intsony. |
37 | Alberto Mussa, cited by Rafael Rodrigues in Entretantos (Meanwhiles) [pt], believes it is time to get over the idea that in Brazil neither racism nor prejudice exist. | I Alberto Mussa, lazain'i Rafael Rodrigues ao amin'ny Entretantos (Na izany aza) [pt], kosa dia mino fa fotoana izao hanalana ny hevitra hoe tsy misy any Brezila mihitsy na ny fanavakahana na ny fitsaratsarana olona mialoha. |
38 | In his original post in a literature journal, Mussa asked to be convinced: | Miandry ny horesen-dahatra moa izy ao amin'ny lahatsoratra fototra nosoratany ao amin'ny gazetin'ny haisoratra: |
39 | Convince me that a black child, when reading a racist phrase in one of the books of the great Lobato, won't feel harassed, discriminated, troubled. | Reseo lahatra aho fa ny ankizy mainty hoditra, raha mamaky ny fehezan-teny manavakava-bolo-koditra ao amin'ny bokin'ilay malaza Lobato, ka tsy hahatsiaro voaratra, voaavakavaka, voakorontana. |
40 | Convince me that books like these don't violate the moral and psychic integrity of children - which we are, by law, obliged to protect. | Reseo lahatra aho fa ny boky toy itony dia tsy manimbazimba ny zo fenon'ny ankizy ara-moraly sy ara-batana - izay araka ny lalàna - dia mila arovana. |
41 | The debate over the Monteiro Lobato case showed clear differences between mainstream media coverage of the issue and that of the blogosphere. | Maneho fahasamihafana mazava eo amin'ny vaovaon'ny haino aman-jery mahazatra sy ny an'ny tontolon'ny bilaogy ny adihevitra eo amin'ny raharaha Monteiro Lobato. |
42 | The former was comfortable with the censorship approach, setting an agenda that fueled in some cases the wrong discussions. | Ny iray voalohany mahazo vahana amin'ny fepetran'ny fanakanana, mametraka fandaharam-potoana izay voizin'ny resaka diso amin'ny tranga sasany. |
43 | The blogosphere meanwhile went deeper into the subject and presented a variety of points of view, for and against, ones that were not available to the average media reader or viewer. | Ny tontolon'ny bilaogy kosa etsy andanin'izany miditra lalina kokoa amin'ny resaka ary maneho karazana fomba fijery maro, manohana sy manohitra, izay tsy mety loatra ho an'ny ankamaroan'ny mpamaky na mpijery ny haino aman-jery . |
44 | This post was proofread in English by Emma Brewin. | Lahatsoratra nadika tamin'ny teny Anglisy nataon'i Emma Brewin. |