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1 | Mauritania: Remembering the Country's First Military Coup | Maoritania: Fahatsiarovana Ny Fanonganam-panjakana Voalohany Nataon'ny Miaramila Teo Amin'ny Firenena |
2 | July 10, 2012, marked the 34th anniversary of the first military coup in Mauritania. | Nanamarika ny faha-34 taonan'ny fanonganam-panjakana voalohany nataon'ny miaramila tany Maoritania ny 10 Jolay 2012. |
3 | In 1978, the military overthrew president Moktar Ould Daddah, Mauritania's first president after achieving independence from France in 1960. | Nanongana ny filoha Moktar Ould Daddah, filoha voalohan'i Maoritania taorian'ny nahazoana ny fahaleovantena tamin'i Frantsa tamin'ny 1960, ny miaramila tamin'ny 1978. |
4 | Since then the country has experienced a succession of military coups, the latest of which was carried out by Brigadier General Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, who overthrew President Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, Mauritania's first elected civilian president, on August 6, 2008. | Niatrika ny fanafihan'ny miaramila foana ny firenena nanomboka teo, ny farany izao dia notarihan'ny Brigadier General Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, izay nanongana ny Filoha Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, filoha sivily voalohany voafidy tany Maoritania, tamin'ny 6 aogositra 2008. |
5 | Mauritanian activists remembered the anniversary by blogging and tweeting about it, and criticising military rule in Mauritania. | Nahatsiaro ny tsingerin-taona ireo Maoritaniana mafana fo tamin'ny alalan'ny fitorahana bilaogy sy ny fandefasana bitsika mikasika izany, ary nanakiana ny fitondra-miaramila any Maoritania. |
6 | Moktar Ould Daddah, 1977. | Moktar Ould Daddah, 1977. |
7 | Image from Romanian Communism Online Photo Collection, via Wikimedia Commons. | Sary avy amin'ny Tahirin-tSary anaty Aterineton'ny Romanian Communism, avy amin'ny Wikimedia Commons. |
8 | The blogger at the Boutilimit Today blog (which takes its name from the hometown of the president overthrown in 1978) recalled what happened after the coup [ar]: | Mampatsiahy ny niseho taorian'ny fanonganana [ar] ny mpitoraka bilaogy ao amin'ny bilaogy Boutilimit Today (izay naka ny anarany avy amin'ny tanàna niavian' ilay filoha voaongana tamin'ny 1978): |
9 | The political authorities began to systematically exclude the Trarza Region, and Boutilimit, in particular. | Nanomboka nanilika tsikelikely ny Faritra Trarza ireo manam-pahefana ara-politika, ary indrindra fa i Boutilimit manokana. |
10 | The new military elite decided to turn the town into a prison for its sons, who were the brothers and relatives of President Ould Daddah. | Nanapa-kevitra ireo miaramila tampom-pahaizana vaovao ny hanova ilay tanàna ho fonjan'ireo zazalahy taranany, izay ahitana ny rahalahy sy havan'ny Filoha Ould Daddah. |
11 | Intellectuals who came from the region were also amongst the first targets. | Anisan'ireo lasibatra voalohany ihany koa ireo manam-pahaizana avy eo amin'ny faritra. |
12 | Ahmed Ould Daddah [half-brother of Moktar Ould Daddah] was under house arrest in Boutilimit, which allowed him to memorise the Holy Qur'an. | Giazana tsy hahazo hivoaka ny tranony any Boutilimit i Ahmed Ould Daddah [rahalahy tsy iray kobo amin'i Moktar Ould Daddah], izay nahafahany nitadidy ny Korany Masina. |
13 | The Emir Habib Ould Ahmed Salem [emir of Trarza] brewed in his sorrow as he was carried in the back of a truck on the way to Nouakchott through the Mederdra plains. | Naneho ny alahelony ny Emir Habib Ould Ahmed Salem [emiran'i Trarza] noho izy nentna tanaty kamiao tamin'ny lalana nihazo an'i Nouakchott namakivaky ny lemak'i Mederdra. |
14 | The activist Baba Ould Brahim wrote about the anniversary on his blog Surakh Al Watan (“The Scream of The Nation”): | Nanoratra mikasika ny tsingerenantaona ilay mafana fo Baba Ould Brahim eo amin'ny bilaoginy Surakh Al Watan (“Ny Hiakan'ny Tanindrazana”): |
15 | To talk about coups in Mauritania is to talk about fifteen coups, some of which found a way to seize power, while others failed. | Ny fanafihana dimy ambinifolo no resahana raha vao miresaka ny fanafihana tany Maoritania, ny sasany amin'ireo no nahita làlana haka ny fahefana, ny sasany kosa tsy nahavoa. |
16 | It began with the coup in 1978 and continued, and it remains a fate governing the lives of Mauritanians until today. | Nanomboka tamin'ny fanafihana tamin'ny 1978 izany ary mbola mitohy, ary dia nijanona ho toy izany hatrany ny fitantanana ny fiainan'ireo Maoritanina mandrak'androany. |
17 | They can be summarised, and divided into three basic phases. | Azo fehezina izy ireo, ary zaraina anaty dingana lehibe telo. |
18 | The first was from 1978-1991, the second phase lasted until the coup in 2005, and third has still not finished. | Ny voalohany nanomboka ny 1978-1991, ny andiany faharoa naharitra hatramin'ny fanonganam-panjakana tamin'ny 2005, ary ny fahatelo izay mbola tsy tapitra hatramin'izao. |
19 | If not for the difference in people and names, we could say that Mauritania has seen a single coup, as all the coups have had the same reason, and have been similar in the way they were carried out, and have achieved the same results. | Azontsika lazaina hoe fanafihana iray ihany no natrehan'i Maoritania raha tsy singanina amin'ny olona sy ny anarana, satria antony iray ihany no tena fototry ny fanonganana hatrizay, ary nitovy avokoa ny fomba nanaovana azy ireo, ary nitovy ihany koa ny vokatra naterany. |
20 | July 10, 1978 was Mauritania's appointment with the first coup by a group of army officers, who claimed that their motive was the war waged by the army against Polisario in conditions they described as difficult, with no chance of more weapons, supplies, or training. | Ny 10 Jolay 1978 no fotoanan'ny Maoritania tamin'ny fanonganana voalohany nataon'andiana manampahefana avy amin'ny tafika, izay nilaza fa ny manosika azy ireo dia ny ady ataon'ny tafika amin'ny Polisario izay nolazain'izy ireo hoe toe-draharaha sarotra, tsy misy irika ahitana fitaovam-piadiana, tsy misy vatsy, na fanofanana. |
21 | Something inherent to each coup has been the elimination of all aspects of the civil state, made clear in the constitutional charter, which prohibits political pluralism and stops civilians from participating in politics. | Ny zavatra iraisan'ny fanonganana tsirairay dia ny fanafoanana ny endrika siviliy ananan'ny fitondrana, natao mazava tsara ao anatin'ny satan'ny lalam-panorenana, izay mandrara ny fahamaroana ara-politika ary manakana ny sivily tsy handray anjara amin'ny resa-politika. |
22 | Arrest of activists of 25 February movement. | Fisamborana ireo mahery fon'ny hetsika 25 Febroary. |
23 | From Mouvement du 25 Février Facebook page. | Avy amin'ny pejy Facebook-n'ny Hetsiky ny 25 Febroary. |
24 | The 25 February movement activist Med Lemine Echvagha tweeted about the anniversary: | Mibitsika mikasika ilay tsingerintaona ny mafana fon'ny hetsiky ny 25 Febroary, Med Lemine Echvagha: |
25 | In a few days' time Mauritania will complete its thirty-fourth year under military rule. | Ato anatin'ny andro vitsy dia ho feno 34 taona ny naha-teo ambany fitondrana miaramila an'i Maoritania. |
26 | Down with military rule, [General] Aziz get out | Aongano ny fitondrana m,iaramila, [Jeneraly] Aziz mialà teo |
27 | The blogger Sidi Al Tib Ould Mojteba wrote: | Nanoratra ilay bilaogera Sidi Al Tib Ould Mojteba hoe: |
28 | The anniversary of this fateful day hurts me, and it's painful to see that the elite of my country are unaware of the gravity of the matter and the horror of this disaster… Down with Mauritanian military rule | Mahatohina ahy ny tsingerintaonan'ity andro ratsy ity, ary mampalahelo ny mahita hoe tsy tonga saina amin'ny halalin'ity zavatra ity sy ny haratsian'ity loza ity ireo tampom-pahaizana eto amin'ny fireneko… Aongano ny fitondràna miaramila Maoritaniana. |
29 | The activist Baba Ould Hourma commented on the revival of the July 10 anniversary by the 25 February movement: | Nanakiana ny famelomana indray ny tsingerintaonan'ny 10 Jolay nataon'ny hetsiky ny 25 Febroary ny mafana fo Baba Ould Hourma: |
30 | The position of the 25 February movement on the anniversary of the first military coup reflects the comprehensive awareness of the roots of the political dilemma in Mauritania and a disregard for the traditional powers in the country | Maneho ny fahatsiarovantenan'ny eny ifotony momba ny olana ara-politika any Maoritania ny toerana noraisin'ny hetsiky ny 25 Febroary mikasika ny tsingerintaonan'ny fanonganam-panjakana voalohany natan'ny tafika sy fanaovana tsinontsinona ny fahefana nentim-paharazana teo an-toerana |