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1China: Various aspects of censorshipSina: Endrika marobe isehoan'ny fanivànana aterineto
2March 12 was the World Day Against Cyber Censorship and Reporters Without Borders announced its latest list of “Enemies of the Internet,” which points a finger at China, among other authoritarian states.Ny 12 Martsa no Andro manerantany Hiadiana amin'ny Sivana amin'ny Aterineto ka namoaka ny lisitra farany avy aminy “Ireo fahavalon'ny Aterineto” ny Reporter without Border [Reporters sans frontières] izay manondro mivantana an'i Sina [China], anatin'ireo firenena maro hafa tsy refesimandidy.
3Jason Ng from Kenengba tries to enrich the discussion by outlining various aspects of Chinese Internet censorship.Jason Ng from Kenengba dia manandrana manatavy resaka amin'ny fanehoana ireo rehetra endriky ny Sivana ataon'ny sinoa amin'ny Aterineto.
41. Non-transparent censorship1. Sivana tsy mangarahara
5A.A.
6Where comes the openness?Avy aiza ny fisokafana?
7First of all, the blogger points out that whenever the Chinese government reacts to the issue of Internet censorship, it would state that “Internet in China is very open” and then support the statement with statistics such as “there are more than 3,800 million internet users in China”.Alohan'ny zava-drehetra, avoitran'ny mpitoraka blaogy fa isaky ny maneho hevitra ny governemanta sinoa momba ny resaka aterineto, dia matetika no ametrahana fa hoe “tena midanadana be ny aterineto ao Sina” ary avy eo dia tohanana ilay fanambarana amin'ny fanolorana antontanisa toy ny hoe “maherin'ny 3,800 tapitrisa ny mpampiasa aterineto eto Sina”.
8However, the two statements do not carry any logical relation.Na izany aza, tsy misy fifandraisana mazava ireo fanambarana roa ireo.
9B.B.
10Unreasonable censorshipSivana tsy mitombina
11Secondly, he points out that main reason why people hate China's Internet censorship is because of its lack of transparency:Faharoa, tondroiny fa ny tena anton'ny ankahalan'ny olona ny Sivana atao amin'ny Aterineto ao Sina dia satria tsy ampy ny mangarahara amin'izy ity:
12I had once posted a message concerning the protest against the construction of incinerator in Panyu at Sina micro blog.Indray maka dia nandefa lahatsoratra momba ny fanoherana ny fananganana toeram-pandoroana tany Panyu tao amin'ny Sina micro blog aho.
13Then I received a message from the webmaster that my message was deleted because of illegal content.Avy eo aho nahazo hafatra avy amin'ny webmaster nilaza fa nofafana ny lahatsoratro satria miaty zavatra tsy ara-dalàna.
14I asked which regulation the message had violated, I did not get any answer.Nanontany aho hoe ny lalàna manao ahoana no nodikain'ilay hafatra, tsy nahazo valinteny aho. Mitranga koa ny zavatra toy izany any amin'ny SNS goavana any Sina.
15Similar incidents also happen in the biggest SNS in China. Once the regulation is in the dark, people cannot act according to the system.Ny antony tsy mampangarahara ny mpametraka sivana amin'ny aterineto amin'ny asan'izy ireo dia satria tsy mangarahara koa ny fepetra fandrindràn'ny governemanta…Raha vao maizimazina ny fandrindràna, dia tsy ho afaka mihetsika ny olona raha ny fisainan'ny rafitra.
16The government administration can react to the statement “I love CCP” positively when it is in good mood.Afaka manome ako miabo ny sampandraharaham-pitantanana ao amin'ny governemanta amin'ny hoe “Tiako ny CCP” rehefa ao anatin'ny fotoana mahafalifaly azy.
17When it is in bad mood, it will take it as an irony.Rehefa tonga indray ny fotoana mahasorena azy , dia raisiny ho toy ny fandrabirabiana izany.
18And you can only swear “Grass-mud horse” to the computer screen.Ary ny hany azonao dradraina sisa dia ny manompa ny fàfan'ny solosainao ho “soavaly mihinam-bozaka sy fotaka” .
19C.C.
20Google's protestFandàvan'ny Google
21The blogger believes the reason why Google is unhappy about China's censorship is also due to the problem of transparency:Vinavinain'ny mpitoraka blaogy fa anton'ny nahatonga ny Google tsy ho faly tamin'ny sivana tao Sina ny olan'ny fangaharahana:
22In China, Google.cn receives a lot of notifications concerning the blocking of websites and sensitive terms, and you can't identify any pattern from all these notifications, nor any legal explanation.Tany Sina, naharay fampahatsiahivana maro ny Google.cn mikasika ny fanakànana ireo vohikala na resaka mafampàna, ary tsy afaka mihitsy ianao hahita lasitra momba ireny fampahatsiahivana ireny, na fanazavàna araka ny lalàna.
23All they say is “block according to the law”.Fa ny ambàran-dry zareo dia ny hoe “fanakanana araka ny lalàna”.
242. The Censor machine2. Ny milin'ny Sivana
25The blogger has identified a number of censorship mechanism in China.Nahatsikaritra fomba maromaro fanaovana sivana ao Sina ny mpitoraka blaogy.
26A.A.
27Self censorshipSivana ataon'ny tena
28Chinese Internet users are aware of the blocking of sensitive terms.Tonga saina amin'ny fanakanana ireo teny mafampana ireo sinoa mpampiasa aterineto.
29When they publish a message, they would express the term differently or delete the sensitive content.Rehefa mandefa hafatra iray ry zareo, fomba hafa no mety hanehoan-dry zareo ny lohahevitra na fafany ny votoatiny mafampana.
30B.B.
31Machine censorSivana ataon'ny milina
32In the case of machine censor, the users have to guess what are the sensitive terms whenever they publish an article.Amin'ny tranga hoe ny milina indray no manivana, anjaran'ny mpampiasa no mieritreritra hoe inona avy no lohahevitra mafampana isak'izay mandefa lahatsoratra ry zareo.
33Here is what Internet users will encounter:Toy ity no hitsena ireo mpampiasa aterineto:
341. If you have written 10,000 words, in case the number 100 and 101 words are sensitive terms, and you publish it.1. Raha nanoratra teny miisa 10,000 eo ianao, ka ny 100 na 101 amin'ireo teny mafampana, ary navoakanao ilay izy.
352. You will find out that you only manage to publish 99 words and all words from 100-9900 will disappear.2. ho hitanao fa ny 99 ihany no hany mba azonao navoaka ary ny ambiny rehetra eo anelanelan'ny 99-9900 dia hanjavona avokoa.
363. You can't recover the 9900 words again and you have to retype them.3. tsy afaka ny hanavotra ireo teny miisa 9900 indray ianao fa dia tsy maintsy mamerina mitendry azy ireo.
374. Then you realize that the number 100 and 101 are sensitive, you change the expression and publish it again.4. avy eo ianao tonga saina fa ny laharana faha 100 sy 101 dia mafampana, ovanao ny filaza ary dia averinao alefa indray iny.
385. You then find out that you only manage to publish 200 words because the number 201 word is a sensitive term again…5. Avy eo ianao mahita fa teny 200 ihany no tafavoakanao satria ny laharana 201 dia mbola teny mafampana indray…
39Another machine censor example is the Green Dam:Ohatra hafa amin'ny milina mpanivana ny Sàkana Maitso [Green Dam] :
40When you have opened 10 pages in your browser. And then one of the pictures has a bigger portion of flesh color.Rehefa avy nanokatra takelaka 10 tamin'ny browser-nao ianao, ka ny sary iray anatin'ny maro dia manana loko somary lokon-koditra.
41Voila! All your pages will be closed suddenly.Dia izay! mikatona tampoka daholo ny takelakao rehetra.
42If you are working online in one of the pages, sorry, everything will be gone.Raha niasa mivantana tamin'ny aterineto tamin'ny iray tamin'ireny takelaka ireny ianao, miala tsiny, very daholo ny zava-drehetra.
43C.C.
44Human Flesh CensorSivana ho an'ny fiboridanana
45A friend who once worked in Tencent told me that whenever the time was sensitive, such as during the annual National People's Congress, their workload would increase.
46They had to censor BBS, blog, and randomly users' email.Tsy manana lalàna loatra ny mpanivana ny fiboridànana amin'ny fanaovany izany.
47In China, email communication has no privacy.Matetika izy ireo no mitsara araky ny toromariky ny lehibeny.
48Human flesh censors do not have standard in their practice.Ary aleon'izy ireo mamafa hafatra 1000 toy izay mamoaka hafatra iray manelingelina.
49Very often, they judge according to their supervisor's guidelines.D. Ny tarika mpanivana
50And they'd rather delete 1000 than letting 1 sensitive message to surface. D.Ny ankamaroan'ny vohikala dia manana laharam-pamantarana daholo [license number] ka dia mora amin'ny governemanta ny mifandray amin'ny webmaster amin'ny fotoana rehetra ilan-dry zareo an'izany.
51The notification team Whenever the Internet control administration finds an “illegal” information online, they would call up the data center and the data center would call up the webmaster to delete the “illegal” message.Na rahoviana na rahoviana ny Sampandraharaham-panjakana mpanara-maso ny Aterineto no mahita vaovao ‘tsy ara-dalàna' amin'ny aterineto, dia mety hiantso ny foiben'ny données ry zareo ary ny foiben'ny données indray no miantso ny webmaster mba hamafa ny hafatra “tsy ara-dalàna”.
52E.E.
53Red Head document teamNy tariky ny Red Head document
54Sometimes, the Internet censor would not only demand the website to delete content, but also demand them to re-post or direct search result to certain official websites.Matetika, ny mpanivana ny aterineto dia mangataka ny vohikala hamafa ny votoatiny, nefa koa mangataka azy ireo mba hamerina handefa any aminy na handefa mivantana ny valin'ny fikarohana ho any amin'ny vohikala ofisialy sasantsasany. Ny fampahatsiahivana toy izany no antsoina mandrakariva amin'ny hoe Red Head paper.
55Such kind of notification is usually called Red Head paper.Na izy ireny avoakan'ny sampan-draharaha mpanara-maso ny aterineto na avy amin'ny biraon'ny fampahalalam-baovaon'ny governemanta.
56They are issued either by the Internet control administration or by the government information office.Ho an'ireo vavahadin-tserasera dia mahazo fampahatsiahivana avy amin'ny Sampan-draharaha mpanara-maso ny aterineto isan'andro ry zareo.
571. What cannot be reported 2. What should be reported 3. What should the headline be 4. Which news should be channeled in the discussion 5. Which keywords should be blocked or redirected to a destinate search result 6. Which news story should be limited to the use of the Xinhua and People's Daily news sourcesMatetika ny fampahatsiahivana dia mikasika ny : 1. ny tsy azo tantaraina 2. ny tokony ho tantaraina 3. ny tokony ho lohateny lehibe 4. ny vaovao tokony havoitra any anaty resaka ifanakalozana 5. ny teny fototra tokony hosakanana na havantana any amina vohikala efa voafaritra mialoaha 6. ny vaovao tokony ho anjaran'ny Xinhua sy ny People's Daily news irery ihany no mamoaka azy
58F.F.
59Mama JuryNy mpitsara avy amin'ny Reny
60Members of the Mama jury come from all walks of life.Avy amin'ny lafim-piainana samihafa ny mpikambana ao amin'ny “Mpitsara avy amin'ny Reny”.
61Some have very little online experience.Betsaka amin'izy ireo no tsy dia manana ny fahalalana momba ny aterineto.
62They receive training from the government and regularly submit a certain number of web contents not suitable for children to the administration.Mahazo fanofanana avy amin'ny governemanta ry zareo ary dia manome tsy tapaka votoatina vohikala tsy dia sahaza loatra ho an'ny ankizy any amin'ny mpitantana.
63G.G.
64Tea and TalksMisotro dite sady miresaka
65Last year before the national day, a middle school kid criticized the preparatory performance of the ceremony for wasting his time in Twitter.Raha manohy mamoaka vaovao tsy dia mahafaly loatra ny governemanta ianao, na raha toa ianao manohana hetsi-bahoaka toy ny filaharana na fanentanana momba ny zon'olombelona, dia mety hahazo fanasana hiara-misotro dite.
66Very soon, he was invited by the national security police for tea session.Tamin'ny taona lasa talohan'ny fetim-pirenena, nisy kolejiana iray nanakiana ny fandehan'ny fikarakarana ny fety ho toy ny fandaniam-potoana fotsiny tao amin'ny Twitter-any.
67They threatened him that if he continued to talk like that, he would not be able to enter a good high school.Tsy ela, nasain'ny polisim-pirenena misahana ny filaminana mba hiara-misotro dite taminy izy. Norahonan-dry zareo izy fa raha mbola manohy manoratra toy izany dia tsy ho afaka manantena ny ho tafiditra hianatra any amina Lisea lehibe.
68For a very long period of time, that school kid has kept silent in twitter.Nandritry ny fotoana maharitra, nisafidy fahanginana io mpianatra io tao amin'ny twitter.
69H.H.
70The Great FirewallIlay rindrina goavam-be
71A picture is worth a thousand words:Sary iray mahalaza teny an'arivony maro:
72I.I.
73The 50 Cent PartyNy Tariky ny 50 Cent
74Whenever the government needs to channel public opinion, the 50 cent party would take action.Taorian'ny traikefa an-taona maro nanaovana sivana, tonga saina ny governemanta Sinoa fa tokony hotefena hanaraka làlan-jotra voafaritra ny fisainan'ny olona.
75They would write and voice out pro-government opinions in BBS, blogs, portal websites or even in traditional media like newspapers and T.V. They usually take action together and seldom act alone.Izany no antony nananganana ny mpamela hafatra amin'ny aterineto [Internet commentator] izay sady manampy koa amin'ny famahana ny olan'ny tsy fananana asa. Matetika fantatra amin'ny hoe Tariky ny 50 cent ireny mpamela hafatra ireny.
76Isaky ny mila manefy ny fisainan'ny olona ny governemanta, dia mirotsaka an-tsehatra ny Tariky ny 50 cent.
77Ry zareo no manoratra sy manely ny hevitry ny governemanta any amin'ny BBS, blaogy, ireo vavahadin-tserasera na hatrany amin'ireo fampitam-baovao tranainy toy ny gazety an-tsoratra sy ny T.V. Miara-mirotsaka an-tsehatra daholo izy rehetra mazàna, indraindray tadiavina vao mandeha irery.
78In spite of so many sophisticated censorship mechanism, the blogger still believes that democracy will eventually come and replace the brutal control over speech and expression.Na eo aza anefa ny hamaroana sy ny endrika saro-bahana ananan'ireo fomba fanivànana samihafa ireo, ity mpitoraka blaogy ity dia mbola manantena fa tsy maintsy ho tonga ny demokrasia ka hisolo toerana ny fanaraha-masomivatravatra mahazo ny fitenenana sy ny fanehoan-kevitra. (hitanao koa ity lahatsoratra ity ao amin'ny Global Voices Advocacy)