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1The Biggest Threat to Mexican Journalists Aren't Drug Cartels AnymoreTsy Ireo Vondrona Mpikirakira Rongony Intsony No Loza Lehibe Indrindra Mitatao Ho An'ireo Meksikana Mpanao Gazety
2Journalists protest in front of a Veracruz government building.Mpanao gazety manao hetsi-panoherana anoloan'ny tranoben'ny governemanta Veracruz.
3Veracruz continues to be one of the most dangerous regions to practice journalism because of the number of murders that have occurred there.Mbola mitohy ho iray amin'ireo faritra mampidi-doza indrindra hanaovan-gazety i Veracruz noho ireo vono olona maro niseho tao.
4Photo taken from the Flickr account of CimacNoticias Agency under Creative Commons license.Sary nalaina avy tamin'ny kaonty Flickr an'ny CimacNoticias Agency, ambany fahazoan-dàlana Creative Commons.
5This post by Mariana Muñoz was originally published originally on the blog Journalism in the Americas and is republished here with permission.Nalefa voalohany tao amin'ny bilaogin'ny Fanaovan-gazety tany Amerika ito lahatsoratr'i Mariana Muñoz ito, ary nahazoan-dàlana ny famerenana azy eto.
6In the last decade, Mexico has become one of the most dangerous countries of the world for journalists, largely due to the so-called War on Drugs in the northern region that borders the United States.Tato anatin'ny folo taona lasa, lasa iray tamin'ireo firenena maneran-tany mampidi-doza indrindra ho an'ireo mpanao gazety i Meksika, ilay lazaina ho Ady amin'ny Rongony any amin'ny faritra avaratra akaikin'ny sisintanin'i Etazonia no antony lehibe nahatonga izany.
7Press freedom advocacy organizations, however, noticed a change in the geography of attacks against journalists, which are increasingly becoming more common in Mexico's southern states.Nahita fiovàna teo amin'ny toerana ara-jeografika nisy ireo fanafihana atao an'ireo mpanao gazety, izay tena lasa mitombo sy mahazatra any amin'ireo fanjakana ao atsimon'i Meksika, ny fikambanan'ny mpanohana ny fahalalahan'ny asa fanaovana gazety.
8They also noticed that the suspects behind the attacks are not members of drug cartels, but public officials and police officers.Nahita ihany koa izy ireo fa tsy ireo mpikambana ao amin'ireo vondrona mpikirakira rongony ireo voarohirohy ao ambadik'ireo fanafihana, fa tomponandraiki-panjakana sy polisy.
9This year, so far, there have been six cases of journalists being murdered - all were killed in Mexico's south.Tamin'ity taona ity, hatreto aloha, miisa enina ny tranganà famonoana mpanao gazety - samy novonoina tany atsimon'i Meksika daholo izy rehetra ireo.
10In one week this July, three journalists were killed in Oaxaca, Veracruz and Guanajuato - all southern states.Tato anatin'ny herinandro iray tamin'ny volana Jolay, mpanao gazety telo no novonoina tao Oaxaca, Veracruz sy Guanajuato - samy fanjakana tatsimo daholo ireo.
11Statistics from Periodistas en Riesgo, a site that tracks and documents attacks against journalists in Mexico, seems to confirm this trend.Toa manamarina io fironana io ireo antontan'isa avy amin'ny Periodistas en Riesgo, vohikala izay manaraka sy mamakafaka/mandrakitra ny momba ireo fanafihana mpanao gazety any Meksika.
12Javier Garza Ramos, an International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) Knight International Journalism Fellow who oversees Periodistas en Riesgo, recently wrote an article for El País where he explores the shift of violence from the north to the south.Vao haingana i Javier Garza Ramos, avy amin'ny Ivon-toerana Iraisam-pirenana ho an'ny Mpanao gazety (ICFJ) mpiara-miasa amin'ny Knight International Journalism izay manara-maso ny Periodistas en Riesgo, no nanoratra lahatsoratra ho an'ny El País izay ahitàny ny fikisaky ny herisetra avy any avaratra mankany atsimo.
13Garza explains that the shift occurred because, in general, violence in the north decreased (with the exception of Tamaulipas) and shifted attention to the increasing incidents in the central and southern states.Manazava i Garza fa miseho izany fikisahana izany, amin'ny ankapobeny, noho ny fihenan'ny herisetra any avaratra (ankoatra ny ao Tamaulipas) ary namindra ny fijery ho any amin'ireo zava-mitranga ratsy izay mihamitombo ao amin'ireo fanjakana afovoany sy atsimo.
14In an interview with the Knight Center, Garza stated that there is a misconception on who is doing the most harm, however.Taminà tafatafa niaraka tamin'ny Ivon-toerana Knight, nilaza i Garza fa misy hevitra diso ny amin'ny hoe iza no tena manao zavatra ratsy indrindra.
15According to Garza, attention has been largely focused on attacks against journalists by cartel members because they have been the most dramatic in the manner in which they attack.Araka an'i Garza, nafantoka bebe kokoa tany amin'ireo fanafihana mpanao gazety ataon'ireo mpikambana ao amin'ny vondrona mpikirakira rongony ny fijery hatrizay, satria izy ireo no tena loza be indrindra amin'ny fomba fanafihany.
16Consequently, cartel members are seen as the main aggressors toward journalists.Noho izany, ireo mpikambana ao amin'ny vondrona mpikirakira rongony no hita ho tena mpihetraketraka indrindra amin'ireo mpanao gazety .
17Garza argues that this is not true.Milaza i Garza fa tsy marina izany.
18“They are the ones who attack more violently, but in quantitative terms, they are not the ones who attack the most,” he said.“Izy ireo no manafika amin'ny fomba mafimafy kokoa, fa amin'ny resaka salan'isa, tsy izy ireo no tena mpanafika be indrindra,” hoy izy.
19According to Garza, public officials and police officers are responsible for most of the attacks toward journalists.Araka an'i Garza, ireo tomponandraiki-panjakana sy ireo polisy no tompon'andraikitra amin'ny ankamaroan'ireo fanafihana mpanao gazety.
20The manner and intensity of attacks vary, ranging from threats and intimidation to kidnapping, beatings and homicides.Miovaova ny fomba sy ny hamafin'ny fanafihana, manomboka amin'ny fandrahonana sy fampitahorana ka hatramin'ny fangalàna an-keriny, fidarohana ary famonoana.
21Freedom of expression in Mexico has taken a hit in recent years.Voatohintohina ny fahalalahana maneho hevitra ao Meksika tato anatin'ny taona maromaro lasa izay.
22Journalists in this country face threats from public officials and members of organized crime, leading to injuries and in some cases, death.Miatrika fandrahonana avy amin'ireo tomponandraiki-panjakana sy ireo mpikambana anaty vondrona mpanao heloka bevava voakajy ireo mpanao gazety ao amin'io firenena io, izay mandratra azy ireo na mamono mihitsy amin'ny tranga sasany.
23“Organized crime violence has started to decrease in northern regions like Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, compared to 2010 and 2011.“Nanomboka nihena ny herisetra aminà heloka bevava voakajy any amin'ireo faritra avaratra toa an'i Tijuana sy Ciudad Juarez, raha oharina tamin'ny taona 2010 sy 2011.
24Tamaulipas is the only exception,” he said.Tamaulipas ihany no hafa amin'ireo,” hoy izy.
25A recent event recorded by La Crónica appears to demonstrate the trend of public officials threatening or attacking journalists.Tranga iray vao haingana noraketin'i La Crónica no toa mampiseho io fironan'ny tomponandraiki-panjakana mandrahona na manafika mpanao gazety io.
26Daniel Blancas, reporter for La Cronica, was sent to the municipality of Almoloya de Juarez in the state of Mexico to investigate the escape from prison of Mexico's biggest drug lord, Joaquín Guzmán Loera, also known as El Chapo.Nalefa tany amin'ny kaominin'i Almoloya de Juarez, ao amin'ny fanjakàn'i Meksika, i Daniel Blancas, mpitatitra vaovao ho an'i La Cronica, mba hanadihady ny fitsoahana am-ponja an'ilay mpanjakaben'ny rongony any Meksika, Joaquín Guzmán Loera, fantatra amin'ny anarana El Chapo ihany koa.
27His job was to interview Calixto Estrada Castillo, the last owner of the house that served as the end point for Guzmán Loera's escape tunnel.Ny hitafatafa amin'i Calixto Estrada Castillo no tokony ho asany, io no tompon'ny trano farany izay natao teboka niafaran'ny tonelina nandosiran'i Guzmán Loera.
28After being questioned and prohibited from entering the premises, Blancas says he received a threat: “Cemeteries are full of journalists like you!”Taorian'ny nanontaniana azy ary nandraràna azy tsy hiditra tao amin'ireo trano, nilaza i Blancas fa nahazo fandrahonana izy: “Feno mpanao gazety toa anao ny fasana!”
29According to Huellas de Mexico, the threat was made by Jorge Peña, an official with the Office of the Attorney General in Zinacantepec.Araka an'i Huellas de Mexico, avy amin'i Jorge Peña ilay fandrahonana, tomponandraiki-panjakana ao amin'ny Biraon'ny Mpampanoa Lalàna ao Zinacantepec.
30According to the first bi-annual report of 2015 by Article 19 titled, “Más violencia, más silencio” (“More violence, more silence”), 227 attacks against the press were recorded in the first six months of 2015.Araka ny tatitra voalohany miseho isaky ny enim-bolana ny taona 2015 ataon'ny Article 19, mitondra ny lohateny hoe, “Más violencia, más silencio” (“Herisetra miha mitombo, fahanginana miha mitombo”), herisetra miisa 227 atao amin'ireo mpanao gazety no voaray tamin'ny enim-bolana voalohan'ny taona 2015.
31This is substantially higher than the average during Felipe Calderón's administration from 2006 to 2012, which was about 182 per year, the report added.Nampian'ilay tatitra hoe, tena ambony be io raha oharina amin'ny salan'isa nandritra ny fitondran'i Felipe Calderón ny taona 2006 hatramin'ny 2012, izay teo amin'ny 182 isan-taona eo ho eo.
32The report also discussed the six murders of journalists that have occurred since January 2015, all in the southern part of the country.Niresaka ireo famonoana miisa enina anà mpanao gazety niseho hatry ny Janoary 2015 ihany koa ilay tatitra, samy tany amin'ny faritra atsimon'ny firenena daholo.
33Three of the six murders have occurred in Veracruz, located in the southeastern portion of the country on the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico.Telo tamin'ireo famonoana miisa enina no niseho tao Veracruz, mitoetra ao amin'ny tapany atsimon'ny firenena, amin'ny morontsiraky ny Golf an'i Meksika.
34Even though the state of Guerrero has the highest number of overall attacks toward journalists (38), Veracruz continues to be one of the most dangerous regions to practice journalism because of the number of murders that have occurred there, according to Animal Politico.Na hoe ny fanjakan'i Guerrero aza no manana ny isa ambony indrindra amin'ireo fanafihana mpanao gazety (38), mbola mitohy ho iray amin'ireo faritra mampidi-doza be indrindra hanaovana asa an-gazety i Veracruz noho ireo isa maronà famonoana izay niseho tao, araka an'i Animal Politico.
35In a BBC Mundo article, the state is referred to as “hell for journalists.”Tao amin'ny lahatsoratry ny BBC Mundo, nolazaina ho “afobe ho an'ireo mpanao gazety” io firenena io.
36Eighteen journalists have been murdered there since 2000 and 12 of these murders (14, according to other sources) have been recorded under the administration of current governor Javier Duarte, according to Article 19.Araka ny Article 19, mpanao gazety miisa valo ambinifolo no novonoina tao hatry ny taona 2000, ka voarakitra ho teo ambanin'ny fitondran'ny governora ankehitriny, Javier Duarte, ny 12 amin'ireo famonoana ireo (14, araka ireo loharano hafa).
37A documentary titled, “Death in Veracruz” produced by the all-digital channel AJ+, explores the manner in which the lives of journalists in Veracruz have changed, working under threat in recent years.Famakafakain'ny fanadihadiana iray mitondra ny lohateny hoe “Fahafatesana any Veracruz”, nataon'ilay fantsona nomerika AJ+, ny fomba niovan'ny fiainan'ireo mpanao gazety ao Veracruz, miasa eo ambany fandrahonana tato anatin'ireo taona faramparany izay.
38In 2011, the municipal police in Veracruz were dismantled due to alleged corruption and the fact that the army began to carry out their duties.Ny taona 2011, noravàna ny polisy kominalin'i Veracruz noho ny fiahiahiana fisiana kolikoly sy ny zava-mitranga hoe nanomboka nanao ny asany indray ny miaramila.
39Self-defense groups, upset with the ineffectiveness of police, formed in the state.Niforona tao amin'ny firenena ny vondrona ho fiarovan-tena, tofoka amin'ny tsy fahitam-bokany amin'ny asan'ireo polisy,
40Félix Márquez, a photojournalist in Veracruz, documented the groups.Félix Márquez, mpakasary sy mpanao gazety, nanao horonantsary famakafakàna ilay vondrona.
41“The authorities don't want to recognize that these groups exist,” he said.“Tsy te-hiaiky ireo manampahefana hoe misy ireo vondrona ireo,” hoy izy.
42“I don't know why they don't like to talk about the self-defense groups.“Tsy fantatro hoe maninona izy ireo no tsy tia miresaka momba ireo vondrona mpiaro tena ireo.
43However, our job is to document them and prove they exist.”Kanefa, mamakafaka azy ireny ary manaporofo fa tena misy izy ireo no asanay.”
44Márquez said he was threatened over his photos of the self-defense groups.Nilaza i Márquez fa nahazo fandrahonana izy noho ny sarin'ireo vondrona mpiaro tena nalainy.
45“The Secretary of Public Security made a statement saying that I should be in prison,” he said in the documentary.Hoy izy tao amin'ilay horonantsary famakafakàna hoe “Nanao fanambaràna ny Sekreteran'ny Fiarovam-bahoaka, nilazàny fa tokony haiditra am-ponja aho”.
46“Death in Veracruz” also explores the case of José Moisés Sánchez Cerezo, a journalist who was killed in Veracruz on January 2.Ny “Fahafatesana ao Veracruz” ihany koa dia mamakafaka ny trangan'i José Moisés Sánchez Cerezo, mpanao gazety novonoina tao Veracruz ny 02 Janoary.
47Sánchez founded the daily La Unión in the municipality of Medellín de Bravo in Veracruz to inform the community about things that were not reported by other news outlets.Namorona ny gazety mivoaka isan'andro La Unión i Sánchez, tao amin'ny kaominin'i Medellín de Bravo ao Veracruz, nataony io mba hampahafantarana ireo vondrom-piarahamonina mikasika ireo zavatra tsy notaterin'ireo famoaham-baovao hafa.
48Often reporting on police corruption, Sánchez was intimidated by public officials, and, in one instance, received word that the mayor was planning to scare him, according to the documentary.Manao tatitra matetika momba ny kolikolin'ny polisy, nampitahorin'ireo tompon'andraikim-panjakana i Sánchez, ary, indray mandeha, nahazo teny nilaza fa nieritreritra ny hampihorohoro azy ny ben'ny tanàna, araka ilay famakafakàna.
49Sánchez was abducted from his home on January 2; his lifeless body was found in Veracruz in the early hours of January 24.Nalaina an-keriny tao an-tranony i Sánchez ny 2 Janoary; hita tao Veracruz ny vatana mangatsiakany ny marainan'ny 24 Janoary.
50Many believe that the mayor, Omar Cruz, ordered his kidnapping and murder.Maro ireo mino fa nanome baiko ny fakàna azy an-keriny sy hamono azy ny ben'ny tanàna, Omar Cruz.
51Jorge Sánchez, son of Moisés, continues to seek justice for the death of his father.Mbola manohy mitady ny rariny tamin'ny famonoana an-drainy ihany i Jorge Sánchez, zanaka lahin'i Moisés.
52“There are many irregularities in this investigation,” he said in the documentary.“Feno tsy fanarahan-dalàna maro tamin'io fanadihadiana io,” hoy izy tamin'ilay horonantsary.
53“These are the same anomalies that exist in all the investigations of journalists' murders.”“Fahadisoana mitovy amn'izay miseho amin'ireo fanadihadiana rehetra momba ny famonoana ireo mpanao gazety.”
54After the murder, police officers were assigned to monitor the Sanchez's home-a method of protection for the family.Taorian'ilay famonoana, nomena baiko hanara-maso ny tranon'ny Sanchez ny polisy-fomba fiarovana ny fianakaviana.
55A barbed wire fence was placed around the home.Nohodidinina tariby misy tsilony ny trano.
56“One would think that the other people are the ones who should be locked away, not us,” Jorge Sánchez said in the documentary.“Mety hieritreritra ny olona hoe tokony ho olon-kafa nohidiana an-trano fa tsy izahay,” hoy i Jorge Sánchez tao amin'ilay horonantsary famakafakàna.
57“But this is how things work here-the criminals roam free and we are the ones who have to be locked in.”“Fa izao moa no fomba fiasa aty- miriaria eny ivelany ny mpamono olona ary izahay kosa tsy maintsy mihidy ato.”
58Impunity is a problem in Mexico where crimes against journalists are rarely punished.Olana ao Meksika ny tsimatimanota, ao amin'ny tany izay zara raha voasazy ny heloka bevava atao amin'ireo mpanao gazety.
59The country ranks seventh in the Committee to Protect Journalist's 2014 Global Impunity Index.Any amin'ny laharana faha fito no misy ilay firenena amin'ny Tondro Maneran-tany Momba ny Tsimatimanota, taona 2014 ataon'ny Kaomity Miaro Ireo Mpanao Gazety.
60Additionally, critics have pointed to serious problems with the federal protection mechanism for journalists who are in danger.Ho fanampin'izany, ireo tsikera dia nanipika ireo olana lehibe eo amin'ny rafi-piarovana federaly ho an'ireo mpanao gazety tandindonin-doza.