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1Japan: Drinkommunication, when drinking alcohol is a social obligationJapana: Drinkommunication, rehefa lasa adidy ara-tsosialy ny fisotroana toaka
2“In wine is truth”, said the ancients.Hoy ireo olona taloha hoe “ao anatin'ny vera no misy ny marina - In wine is truth”.
3It is true that alcohol in limited quantities helps loosen one's inhibitions but in Japan it is often used as a social lubricant in a society that still sees a necessary gap between one's real feelings and intention (honne) and what one says on social occasions (tatemae).Ekena fa ny alikaola amin'ny fatra voafetra dia manampy amin'ny fanariana ireo sakana mahazo ny olona iray, saingy any Japana kosa, dia matetika izy io no ampiasaina ho toy ny solika manodina ny ara-tsosialy eo anivon'ny fiarahamonina iray izay mahita ny tsy maintsy ilàna elanelana eo amin'ny fihetseham-po tena izin'ny olona iray sy ny fikasany (honne) ary izay ambaran'ny isam-batan'olona rehefa misy vanin'andro ara-tsosialy mitranga (tatemae).
4Drinking with classmates or team mates when you are a student, or with colleagues when you are an employee is an important activity if you want to be part of the group.Ny fisotroana miaraka amin'ny mpiray kilasy na mpiray tarika raha mbola mpianatra ianao, na miaraka amin'ny mpiara-miasa raha mpiasa ianao dia zavatra iray manan-danja raha te-ho voaray ho ao anatina vondrona iray.
5According to many, it is with a glass of beer or sake in hand that a new type of franker communication may occur, or a nommunication.Raha ny filazan'ny maro, dia misy fifandraisana matotra kokoa, na nommunication mety ho teraka avy amin'ny labiera iray vera na ‘sake' eny an-tànana.
6Nommunication (roughly translated as drinkommunication) is a term created by mixing the verb nomu (to drink) and the term ‘communication'.Nommunication (adika tsotsotra ho drinkommunication [fifandraisana amin'ny alalan'ny fisotroana]) dia anarana iray noforonina tamin'ny fanafangaroana ny enti-milaza nomu (misotro) sy ny anarana ‘fifandraisana'.
7It can be defined as an important part of becoming a social person [en], as it deals with the working etiquette of an employee, and was created to indicate the type of communication that is established between a superior with his junior colleagues over social drinks apart from the office.Izy io dia azo faritana ho ampahany iray manan-danja hahafahana miroso ho olona ara-tsosialy [en], noho izy io mifamatotra amin'ny laharan'asan'ny mpiasa iray, ary noforonina hanondroana ny karazam-pifandraisana misy eo amin'ny lehibe iray sy ny mpiasa eo ambany fiadidiany mandritry ireo fisotrosotroana sosialy ivelan'ny birao.
8A night of drinking.Alim-pisotroana iray.
9By jamesjustin CC License.Avy amin'i jamesjustin CC License.
10The summary of an anonymous short essay [ja] titled “General Observations on Salarymen” (サラリーマンに関する一般的考察) explains the origin of the concept.Ny famintinana tantara fohy iray tsy fantatra anarana [ja] nampitondraina lohateny hoe “Fandinihana ankapobeny ireo LehilahyMpikarama” (サラリーマンに関する一般的考察) dia manazava ny niandohan'ilay foto-kevitra.
11Initially, the term of nommunication was created during the high economic growth era, as the result of trying different methods to strengthen a corporate mentality that would serve to make a company run more smoothly.Teo ampiandohany, ny fiantso hoe nommunication dia noforonina nandritra ny fisongan'ny toekarena, toy ny vokatry ny fanandramana fomba samihafa hanamafisana ny toe-tsaina tia mamokatra mitondra mankamin'ny fisiana orinasa tsara fihodina.
12Put simply, bosses generally have the obligation to rebuke their subordinates.Amin'ny fomba hafa, amin'ny ankapobeny ireo lehibe dia manana adidy hibetroka ireo mpiasany.
13And frankly, it could be said that subordinates exist to be scolded.Amin'ny fomba matotra kokoa, dia azo lazaina fa antom-pisian'ireo mpiasa ny ho treronina.
14But of course, nobody is happy at being scolded.Saingy mazava loatra, tsy misy olona ho faly treronina izany.
15So, considering the feeling of their subordinates, the superiors would invite them to have a drink.Noho izany, amin'ny fahatsapana ny fihetseham-pon'ny mpiasan-dry zareo, ireo lehibe dia manasa azy ireny hisotrosotro.
16Usually they would take them to an izakaya (restaurant and bar) and provide beer to their uneasy subordinates.Ny mahazatra dia entin-dry zareo amina izakaya iray ( trano fisakafoanana sy fisotroana) ary iantohany labiera ireo mpiasany tsy dia mahazo aina tsara.
17They would cheer them up with a “hey, here it is. Let's drink!”.Ampiakarin-dry zareo ny toe-tsainy amin'ny alalan'ny teny kely hoe “hey, eto isika izao. ndeha hisotro!”.
18The subordinate would then thank and while drinking beer, he would air his complaints of their company and problems in his private life.Dia misaotra avy eo ilay mpiasa ary eo ampisotroana labiera eo, dia mety hamboraka ny fitarainany momba ny orinasa iasàny na ny olam-piainany manokana.
19Alcohol is, in some cases, a businessman's best friend as it is over a glass of shochu [en] that the best negotiations happen.Ny alikaola, amin'ny lafiny sasany, dia sakaiza mahatokin'ny olona mpandraharaha satria manodidina ny iray vera amin'ny shochu [en] no mipoitra ireo fifampiraharahana tena lafatra.
20As with many other cultures, inviting clients to dinner is a common habit in the Japanese working culture, and the so called settai, often translated as ‘business entertainment', is as important as the meetings that the company executives may have with their clients in the company offices.Toy ny any amin'ireo kolotsaina maro hafa, ny fanasàna ny mpanjifa mba hiara-misakafo dia efa zava-panao mahazatra eo amin'ny tontolon'ny asa Japoney, ary ilay lazaina foana hoe settai, matetika adika hoe ‘fialambolin'ny mpandraharaha/mpanao afera', dia manan-danja toy ireo fihaonana mety hataon'ireo mpitantana mpanatanteraky ny orinasa miaraka ami'ireo mpanjifany any amin'ny biraon'ny orinasa ihany.
21Yellowbel confesses that while he would often refuse to drink with his colleagues when he was a simple employee, he cannot avoid wining and dining with his clients now that he runs his own company.Yellowbel dia mibaboka fa na dia nandà matetika ny hiara-misotro tamin'ireo mpiara-miasa taminy aza izy fony mbola mpiasa tsotra, tsy afa-miala amin'ny fiaraha-misotro divay sy fiaraha-misakafo amin'ireo mpanjifany kosa izy ankehitriny nony injay nitantana ny orinasany manokana.
22Since I quit my job as an employee and started up my own business, it has not just become a matter of drinking or not; alcohol has simply become a part of my daily life.Hatramin'ny nialàko tamin'ny asako amin'ny maha-mpiasa tsotra ahy sy nanombohako ny orinasako manokana, ts'isy resaka intsony ny hoe olana sa tsia ny misotro; nanjary zava-tsy misaraka amin'ny fiainako andavanandro ny alikaola.
23For a self employed person who is also a sales manager, drinking with a client until you're relating with each other as your true selves is the best tool in which to “sell” yourself.Ho an'ny olona iray miasatena izay sady mpitady lalam-barotra, ny fisotroana miaraka amin'ny mpanjifa iray mandra-pisian'ny fifandraisana tsara eo amin'ny andaniny sy ny ankilany mandra-pijoronao tsara amin'ny toeranao dia tena fitaovana tsara ahafahanao ‘”mivarotra” ny aminao.
24  If nommunication is a powerful tool in the hands of a salesman, it is sometimes the cause of pressure and stress for those junior employees who feel obliged to accept their superiors' invitation. MRaha fitaovana mahery vaika eny am-pelatanan'ny mpanao raharaham-barotra iray ny nommunication, dia matetika koa izy no fototry ny tsindry sy rarin-tsaina ho an'ireo mpiasa eo ambany fiadidiany izay mahatsiaro ho voatery manaiky tsy satry ny fanasan'ireo lehibeny.
25ale employees are more exposed to this kind of pressure as they are expected to be heavy drinkers.Ireo mpiasa lehilahy no tena tratry ny karazana tsindry toy izany satria heverina ho izy ireny no tena mpigaka gaigilahy.
26A recent discussion on Twitter [ja] brought to light this deep-rooted stereotype as Twitter user @shisetsu commented that he finds it unpleasant that it is taken for granted that everybody must drink alcohol.Fifanakalozan-dresaka iray vao haingana tao amin'ny Twitter [ja] no namoaka ampahibe-maso ity fomba fihevitra mamàka lalina ity, toy izay nanamarihan'ilay mpampiasa Twitter @shisetsu azy fa hoe tsy dia mety loatra ny fahitàny ny fiheverana ny olona rehetra ho tonga dia efa manan-jo avy hatrany hisotro alikaola.
27@shisetsu's few tweets sparked a debate on the habit of after-hours partying where colleagues often gather to drink alcohol at an izakaya as a way to relief stress but sometimes to foster the relations among the team.Ireo bitsika fohy nalefan'i @shisetsu dia nanainga adihevitra mikasika ny fahazàrana manao lanonana ahitàna ireo mpiara-miasa miara-misotro toaka aorian'ny ora fiasàna any anaty izakaya iray, ho toy ny làlana iray hiadiana amin'ny rarin-tsaina, nefa koa indraindray manome vàhana ny fifandraisana eo amin'ny iray tarika.
28While some other Twitter users agreed with him saying that sometimes they feel they obliged to drink as every one else does, @akcanon responded saying that drinking alcohol is part of a social duty for an adult.Raha miombon-kevitra aminy ny sasantsasany amin'ireo mpampiasa Twitter amin'ny filazàna fa matetika ry zareo no mahatsapa ho toy ny voatery hisotro toy ny fanaon'ny hafa, i @akcanon kosa namaly nilaza fa ny fisotroana toaka dia toy ny adidy ara-tsosialy iray tsy maintsy efain'ny olon-dehibe iray.
29@shisetu I think that if you don't drink, you must not simply say so but you must explain the reasons thoroughly.@shisetu, mihevitra aho fa raha tsy misotro ianao, tsy tokony hilaza fotsiny tahaka izao fa tsy maintsy manazava tsara ny antony.
30You are not a student anymore but an adult and being able to communicate is important in the working place.Tsy mpianatra intsony ianao fa efa olon-dehibe ary ny fahaiza-mifanerasera dia tena zava-dehibe tokoa any anaty toeram-paiasana any.
31You are not getting paid only to do your work and that's it.Tsy hoe omena karama fotsiny hanatanteraka ny asanao ianao dia ampy izay.
32The swift reply by @shisetsu [ja] changed the tone of the conversation and later on made @akcanon apologize and reflect over the idea that being a working person is equal to being an alcohol drinker.Ny valinteny kinga avy amin'i @shisetsu [ja] dia nanova ny fizotry ny fifanakalozan-kevitra ka taoriana kely dia nahatonga an'i @akcanon hiala tsiny sy hieritreritra manodidina ny fiheverana hoe rehefa olona miasa izany ianao dia mira olona mpisotro toaka.
33@akcanon I don't have any health reasons as to why I can't drink alcohol but my dad was an alcoholic and this resulted in domestic violence to my brother and I when we were children.@akcanon Tsy manana olana ara-pahasalamana manakana ahy tsy hisotro toaka aho fa ny raiko dia mpigakalahy ary izany dia niafara tamin'ny herisetra tao an-tokantrano nihatra tamin'ny rahalahiko sy ny tenako fony mbola zaza izahay.
34So as a reaction to this, I don't drink at all.Ho setrin'io, tsy misotro mihitsy aho.
35Explaining all this at a dinner and making the mood strained … would this be the kind of atmosphere and communication that those who drink wish?Hanazava an'izany rehetra izany mandritry ny fisakafoanana dia hanimba ny fiaraha-mifaly … ny karazana rivo-piainana sy fifandraisana toy izany ve no kendren'ireo mpisotro?
36There is no cause and effect relationship between valuing other people and drinking alcohol.Tsy misy ifandraisany mihitsy ny resaka fisotroana sy ny fanomezan-danja ny olona.
37Working environments have been changing in the last years, mainly because of the economic crisis and the system is collapsing.Niova ny tontolon'ny asa tato anatin'ny taona vitsy, indrindra noho ny olana ara-toekarena ary ny fikororosin'ny rafitra.
38Some believe also that some social obligations like nomunication are becoming less pressing and fewer and fewer younger businessmen feel it as duty to step their career up.Maro ihany koa no mihevitra fa ireo adidy ara-tsosialy sasany toy ny nomunication dia efa zary tsy maharototra ary tsikelikely, ireo mpandraharaha tanora dia mahatsapa azy ity ho adidy mitondra amin'ny firoboroboan-dry zareo.
39Blogger kikuiri, for example, believes that the reasons may also be that people are busier and busier nowadays, many use their cars to go to work and plus … the priorities are changing.Ny mpitoraka bilaogy kikuiri, ohatra, dia mino fa mety ho antony koa ny hoe rempotra dia rempotra foana ny olona amin'izao vaninandro iainantsika izao, maro izy ireny no mampiasa ny fiarany hamonjena asa na zavatra hafa … niova ny laharam-pahamehana.
40Among the category of the ‘busy people' there is the case of those who are busy because “they have a family to take care of”.Anatin'ny sokajin'ny ‘olona rempotra' dia misy ny trangan'ireo rempotra satria “manana ankohonana iray iahiana ry zareo”.
41Until 10 years ago there was the equation: employee = person who takes part in the nommunication = man who takes no part in (or rejects) the household chores.Hatramin'ny teo amin'ny 10 taona teo dia nisy fimiràna toy izao: mpiasa = olona mandray anjara amin'ny nommunication = olona tsy miditra (na manilika) ny raharaha an-tokantrano.
42Nowadays however, that equation is no longer applicable.Na izany aza, amin'izao fotoana izao, tsy mihatra intsony izany fimiràna izany.
43As a matter of fact, those who are committed in child-rearing won't be able to take part to the nomunication for a number of years at least and also the number of people committed to nursing the elderly will increase.Ny zava-marina, ireo izay manana andraikitra amin'ny fanabeazana ankizy dia tsy hanam-pahafahana mihitsy handray anjara amin'ny nomunication mandritry ny taona vitsivitsy farafahakeliny ary hiakatra koa ny isan'ireo olona miandraikitra fikarakarana ny beantitra.
44Salarymen.Mpiasa-mpikarama.
45By A Malchik!Avy amin'i A Malchik!
46CC LicenseCC License
47Probably to avoid the social pressure that drinking with acquaintances may cause, more and more people have also been choosing to have their drinking parties online in convenient virtual meeting places provided by major brewers, or in drinking chat sessions.Angamba ho fisorohana ny tsindry sosialy mety hateraky ny fisotroana miaraka amina olona sambany vao nihaonana, dia maro koa ireo olona no misafidy ny hanao ny fiaraha-misotron-dry zareo any anaty aterineto amina toeram-pihaonana virtoaly sahaza, izay atolotr'ireo sangany amin'ny fanamboarana zava-pisotro, na misotro manditry ny fotoanan'ny tsaty [chat sessions].
48Possible side benefits include no need for make up for the women and probably no heavy drinking for the men.Ny lafiny tsara dia ahitàna ny tsy filàna mihosotrosotra ho an'ireo vehivavy ary tsy fisotroana tafahoatra ho an'ireo lehilahy.