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1 | New Draft Law Enables Russia to Ignore International Human Rights Decisions | Volavolan-dalàna Vaovao Hamela An'i Rosia Tsy Hiraharaha Ny Fanapahankevitra Iraisampirenena Momba Ny Zon'olombelona |
2 | Russia's new law seems to be aimed at avoiding decisions by the European Court of Human Rights (pictured), but recent changes to the draft text suggest a broader mandate. | Toa hita ho fialàna ireo fanapahankevitry ny Fitsaràna Eorôpeana momba ny zon'olombelona ilay lalàna vaovao an'i Rosia (sary), fa mitaky fahalalahana bebe kokoa ireo fanovàna vao haingana natao tamin'ny votoatin'ilay volavolan-dalàna. |
3 | Image from Wikimedia Commons. | Sary avy tamin'ny Wikimedia Commons. |
4 | If you thought it couldn't get worse for civil society and human rights protections in Russia, you were wrong. | Raha mieritreritra ianao hoe tsy mety misy ratsy kokoa noho izao intsony ho an'ny fiarahamonim-pirenena sy ireo fiarovana zon'olombelona any Rosia, diso ianao. |
5 | On December 4, the State Duma voted to pass a draft law № 931766-6, titled “On Amendments to the Federal Constitutional Law ‘On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.'” | Ny 4 Desambra, ny Parlemantam-panjakana no nanao fifidianana mba handany ilay volavolan-dalàna № 931766-6, mitondra ny lohanteny hoe “Amin'ireo Fanovàna ny Lalàmpanorenana Federaly ‘ Amin'ny Fitsaràn'ny Lalàmpanorenana an'ny Federasiôna Rosiana.'” |
6 | The bill is now before the Federation Council, Russia's upper legislative chamber. | Ankehitriny, any anoloan'ny Filankevitry ny Federasiôna ilay volavolan-dalàna, efitra ambony indrindra amin'ny fanaovana lalàna ao Rosia. |
7 | The draft law aims to create a “special legal mechanism,” which would allow the Russian Constitutional Court to review any international human rights decision against Russia. | Tanjon'ilay volavolan-dalàna ny hamorona “rafitra manokana araka ny lalàna”, izay hanome alàlana ny Fitsaràn'ny Lalàmpanorenana Rosiana ho afaka hamerina hijery ireo fanapahankevitra iraisampirenena momba ny zon'olombelona mamely an'i Rosia. |
8 | If the Court finds that a particular decision isn't in conformity with the Russian Constitution, it can simply get tossed. | Raha hitan'ilay Fitsaràna fa misy fanapahankevitra manokana tsy mifanaraka amin'ny Lalàmpanorenana Rosiana, afaka ialàny tsotra izao fotsiny ilay izy. |
9 | What this means is that if you've complained to an international court or body that a Russian law has infringed upon your human rights, any money damages or other remedies authorized by the international court could be worthless to you if the Russian Constitutional Court finds that the international decision conflicts with the Russian Constitution. | Ny dikan'izany dia hoe, raha toa ianao mametraka fitoriana any amin'ny fitsaràna na sampandraharaha iraisampirenena hoe nisy lalàna Rosiana nanitsakitsaka ny zo maha-olombelona anao, mety ho tsy hisy dikany aminao ny onitra na ny fepetra atolotry ny fitsaràna iraisampirenena anao raha toa ny Fitsaràn'ny Lalàmpanorenana Rosiana mahita hoe mifanohitra amin'ny lalàmpanorenana Rosiana ilay fanapahankevitra iraisam-pirenena. |
10 | By way of background, this special legal mechanism was contemplated by the Russian Constitutional Court in its July 14, 2015 decision finding that the Russian Constitution had supremacy over judgments executed by the European Court of Human Rights. | Ho fanampim-pahalalàna, novinavinain'ny Fitsaràn'ny Lalàmpanorenana Rosiana tamin'ny fanapahankeviny ny 14 Jolay 2015 io rafitra manokana araka ny lalàna io, milaza fa manana ny fahamboniana ny Lalàmpanorenana Rosiana manoloana ireo didy avoakan'ny Fitsaràna Eorôpeana momba ny Zon'olombelona. |
11 | In essence, supremacy means that if there was a conflict between a European Court of Human Rights ruling and the Russian Constitution, as interpreted by the Court, the Russian Constitution would win out. | Amin'ny fampiharana azy, midika io fahamboniana io fa raha toa ka misy ny fifanoherana eo amin'ny Fitsaràna Eorôpeana amperinasa momba ny Zon'olombelona sy ny Lalàmpanorenana Rosiana, araka ny andikàn'ny Fitsaràna azy, ny Lalàmpanorenana Rosiana no hivoaka handresy. |
12 | Why did the Russian Constitutional Court do this? | Nahoana ny Fitsaràn'ny Lalàmpanorenana Rosiana no manao an'io? |
13 | Because the European Court of Human Rights had slapped the Russian government with a $2.5 billion judgment in the Yukos case based on unfair tax proceedings in Russia. | Satria nokapohan'ny Fitsaràna Eorôpeana momba ny Zon'olombelona tamin'ny didy fandoavana onitra 2,5 lavitrisa dolara ny governemanta Rosiana tamin'ny raharaha Yukos, niainga tamin'ny dingana fandoavan-ketra tsy rariny any Rosia. |
14 | The new draft law, however, goes far beyond the creation of a separate legal mechanism for European Court of Human Rights decisions. | Ilay volavolan-dalàna vaovao anefa, lasa lavitra mihoatra ny famoronana rafitra manokana araka ny lalàna ho an'ireo fanapahankevitry ny Fitsaràna Eorôpeana momba ny Zon'olombelona. |
15 | In fact, the language has been loosened up to broadly include any international human rights body. | Ny tena marina, natao izay niparitahan'ilay lalàna hihàtra amin'ireo fikambanana iraisam-pirenena rehetra momba ny zon'olombelona. |
16 | For instance, there is no reference at all in the text of the bill to the European Court of Human Rights. | Ohatra, tsy misy resaka Fitsaràna Eorôpeana momba ny Zon'olombelona mihitsy ao amin'ny voasoratra amin'ilay volavolan-dalàna. |
17 | Instead, the draft law broadly relates to “decisions of inter-state bodies for the protection of the human rights and freedoms.” | Ho solon'izay, mikasika ny “fanapahankevitr'ireo sampandraharaha miaraka amin'ny fanjakana ho an'ny fiarovana ny zon'olombelona ary ny fahalalahana” amin'ny ankapobeny ilay volavolan-dalàna. |
18 | Moreover, as the draft law progressed through committee, the title shifted from decisions of “inter-state judicial bodies” to “inter-state bodies.” | Fanampin'izany, raha nivoatra tany amin'ny kaomity ilay volavolan-dalàna, niova ny lohanteny ka lasa ho fanapahankevitr'ireo “sampandraharaha iraisan'ny samy firenena” ilay “sampandraharaha misahana ny lalàna iraisan'ny samy firenena”. |
19 | This shift occurred between first and second readings of the bill: | Niseho teo anelanelan'ny famakiana voalohany sy faharoa an'ilay volavolan-dalàna io fiovàna io: |
20 | First Reading | Famakiana Voalohany |
21 | 6) amend Section three with Chapter XIII1 containing the following: | 6) manova ny Andalana fahatelo amin'ny Fizaràna faha XIII1 misy izao manaraka izao: |
22 | “Chapter XIII1. | Fizaràna faha XIII1. |
23 | HEARING CASES ABOUT POSSIBILITY OF RENDERING COURT DECREES OF AN INTER-STATE JUDICIAL BODY FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS | RAHARAHA FAKANA AM-BAVANY MIKASIKA NY METY HAMOAHANA DIDIM-PITSARANA NAVOAKAN'NY SAMPANDRAHARAHA MPAMOAKA LALANA IRAISAN'NY SAMY FIRENENA HO AN'NY FIAROVANA NY ZON'OLOMBELONA SY NY FAHALALAHANA |
24 | Second Reading | Famakiana Faharoa |
25 | 6) amend section three with chapter XIII1 containing the following: | 6) manova ny andalana fahatelo ao amin'ny fizaràna faha XIII1 misy izao manaraka izao: |
26 | “Chapter XIII1. | Fizaràna faha XIII1. |
27 | Hearing cases about possibility of implementing decisions of an inter-state body for the protection of human rights and freedoms | Raharaha fakàna am-bavany mikasika ny mety ho fampiharana ireo fanapahankevitra an'ny sampandraharaha iraisampirenena ho an'ny fiarovana ny zon'olombelona sy ny fahalalahana |
28 | Even the word “decisions” has mutated between readings from постановления (decree)-used when rendering court decisions-to the more innocuous решения (decision), which would ostensibly relate back to the decision of any international human rights body. | Teo anelanelan'ireo famakiana, na ilay teny hoe “fanapahankevitra” постановления (didy) aza -ampiasaina rehefa mamoaka didim-pitsaràna- dia lasa решения (fanapahankevitra) malefaka kokoa, izay hahatonga ilay izy hampiharina amin'ireo fanapahankevitry ny sampandraharaha iraisampirenena rehetra ho an'ny zon'olombelona. |
29 | These changes to the draft law have caused debate within the Russian legal community. | Nampisy adihevitra teny anivon'ny vondrona Rosiana misahana ny lalàna ireo fanovàna an'ilay volavolan-dalàna ireo. |
30 | Retired Constitutional Court judge Tamara Morschakova believes that documents produced by bodies like the United Nations Human Rights Committee could be sent to the Constitutional Court for review under the law. | Mino ilay mpitsara efa misotro ronono avy ao amin'ny Fitsaràn'ny Lalàmpanorenana, Tamara Morschakova, fa ho afaka alefa any amin'ny Fitsaràn'ny Lalàmpanorenana mba ho jerena araka ilay lalàna ireo atontan-taratasy nataon'ireo sampandraharaha toy ny Kaomity Mpiaro ny Zon'olombelona ao amin'ny Firenena Mikambana. |
31 | Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Constitutional Law and State Building Dmitri Vyatkin (United Russia), on the other hand, argues that bodies like the Human Rights Committee don't render “decisions” but rather produce reports, so they wouldn't be implicated under the law. | Ny Filoha Lefitry ny Kaomitin'ny Lalàmpanorenana sy ny Tranobem-panjakana, Dmitri Vyatkin (Rosia Mitambatra), eo ankilany, milaza fa manao tatitra fotsiny ireo sampandraharaha toy ny Kaomity Mpiaro ny Zon'olombelona fa tsy mamoaka “fanapahankevitra”, noho izany tsy misy idirany amin'ilay lalàna. |
32 | Vyatkin forgets, however, that Russia is a party to the First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which allows the UN Human Rights Committee to render decisions based on individual complaints. | Adinon'i Vyatkin anefa, fa anisany anatin'ny Mpamolavola Voalohany tamin'ny Fifanarahana iraisampirenena mikasika ireo Zon'olontsotra sy Ara-politika i Rosia, izay manome alalana ny Kaomity mpiaro ny Zon'olombelona ao amin'ny Firenena Mikambana hamoaka didy mikasika ireo fitarainana manokan'ny tsirairay. |
33 | In fact, the Human Rights Committee recently entered a decision against Russia, finding that a local anti-LGBTI law violates the International Covenant. | Ny tena marina, tsy ela akory izay, namoaka didy mamely an'i Rosia ny Kaomity Mpiaro ny Zon'olombelona, nilaza fa manitsakitsaka ny Fifanarahana Iraisampirenena ilay lalàna manohitra ny LGBTI. |
34 | Other international human rights bodies have similar decision-making mechanisms. | Manana rafitra fandraisana fanapahankevitra mitovy amin'izany ihany koa ireo sampandraharaha iraisampirenena hafa sasany mpiaro ny zon'olombelona . |
35 | In sum, what was supposed to be a Court-blessed runaround against the $2.5 billion Yukos judgment (and similar judgments), has now turned into a tool for shirking Russia's international human rights obligations. | Fehiny, lasa fitaovana entina hanafenana ireo adidin'i Rosia amin'ireo zon'olombelona iraisam-pirenena ilay natao hoe fanapahankevitry ny Fitsaràna mihodinkodina manohitra ilay didy Yukos mametra ny handoavana 2,5 lavitrisa dolara (ary ireo didy mitovy amin'izany). |
36 | For Russian civil society this spells disaster. | Ho an'ireo fiarahamonim-pirenena Rosiana, fahapotehana tanteraka ny anaran'io. |
37 | When this law ultimately passes, the only avenue to protect fundamental rights-the international sphere-will only provide a superficial remedy. | Raha lany io lalàna io any am-parany - ilay làlana tokana hiarovana ny zo fototra - dia hanome fanefitra sarintsariny fotsiny sisa ny sehatra iraisampirenena. |
38 | All the government would need to do to avoid sanctions would be to seek review by the Constitutional Court under the special legal mechanism. | Ny tena ilain'ny governemanta hatao mba hialàna amin'ireo sazy ireo dia mety ny famerenana ny fijerena azy hataon'ny Fitsaràn'ny Lalàm-panorenana eo ambanin'ilay rafitra manokana araka ny lalàna. |