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1A Calendar of Human History, According to Uruguayan Writer Eduardo GaleanoNy Alimanakan'ny Tantaran'ny Olombelona, Nosoratan'ilay Mpanoratra Orogoaiana Eduardo Galeano
2Eduardo Galeano.Eduardo Galeano.
3Photo by Flickr user Mariela De Marchi Moyano.Sary avy amin'ny mpisera Flickr, Mariela De Marchi Moyano.
4CC BY-SA 2.0CC BY-SA 2.0
5This article originally appeared on TomDispatch and was republished by NACLA prior to Eduardo Galeano's death on Monday.Navoaka voalohany tao amin'ny TomDispatch ity lahatsoratra ity ary navoakan'ny NACLA indray talohan'ny nahafatesan'i Eduardo Galeano tamin'ny Alatsinainy.
6Eduardo Galeano is one of Latin America's most distinguished writers.Iray amin'ireo mpanoratra miavaka indrindra ao Amerika Latina i Eduardo Galeano.
7He is the author of Open Veins of Latin America, the Memory of Fire Trilogy, Mirrors, and many other works.Izy no mpanoratra ny Lalandrà Misokatr'i Amerika Latinina, Tsiaron'ny tantara telon'ny afo, Fitaratra ary ny sangan'asa maro hafa.
8His newest book, Children of the Days: A Calendar of Human History (Nation Books), is just out in paperback and is excerpted below.Vao avy navoaka ho boky fanao am-paosy ny bokiny vaovao, Children of the Days: A Calendar of Human History (Zanaky ny Andro: Kalandarin'ny Tantaran'ny Zanak'Olombelona) ary ahitana sombiny eto ambany eto.
9He is the recipient of many international prizes, including the first Lannan Prize for Cultural Freedom, the American Book Award, and the Casa de las Américas Prize.Nandrombaka loka iraisam-pirenena maro izy, anisan'izany ny Loka Lannan voalohany ho an'ny Fahalalahan'ny Kolontsaina, ny Loka Boky Amerikana ary ny Loka Casa de las Américas.
10Mark Fried is the translator of seven books by Eduardo Galeano, including Children of the Days.Mark Fried no mpandika teny ireo boky fito nosoratan'i Eduardo Galeano, anisan'izany ny Zanaky ny Andro.
11He is also the translator, among other works, of Firefly by Severo Sarduy.Izy ihany koa no mpandika teny, amin'ny sangan'asa hafa, toy ny Angamenavava nosoratan'i Severo Sarduy.
12He lives in Ottawa, Canada.Monina ao Ottawa, Canada izy.
13(January 15)(15 Janoary)
14In 1919 Rosa Luxemburg, the revolutionary, was murdered in Berlin.Tamin'ny 1919, maty nisy namono tao Berlin i Rosa Luxemburg, ilay revolisionera
15Her killers bludgeoned her with rifle blows and tossed her into the waters of a canal.Novelesin'ireo mpamono azy tamin'ny vody basy izy ary natsipin'izy ireo tany anaty lakandrano avy eo.
16Along the way, she lost a shoe.Teny an-dalana, tsy hita ny ila-kirarony.
17Some hand picked it up, that shoe dropped in the mud.Nisy naka tao anaty fotaka izany ila-kiraro izany.
18Rosa longed for a world where justice would not be sacrificed in the name of freedom, nor freedom sacrificed in the name of justice.Naniry tontolom-pahalalàna tsy hanaovana sorona ny rariny izy, na fahalalahana natao sorona noho ny rariny i Rosa.
19Every day, some hand picks up that banner.Misy maka foana izany faneva (sora-baventy) izany isan'andro
20Dropped in the mud, like the shoe.Mianjera ao anaty fotaka, tahaka ilay ila-kiraro
21(February 17)(17 Febroary)
22The peons on the farms of Argentina's Patagonia went out on strike against stunted wages and overgrown workdays, and the army took charge of restoring order.Nitokona mba hanohitra ny karama variraiventy sy ny andro iasana tafahoatra ireo mpiasa ao amin'ny toeram-pambolen'i Patagonia ao Arzantina. Niditra an-tsehatra hampiverina ny filaminana ny polisy.
23Executions are grueling.Mahatrotraka ny (hamaroan'ny) famonoana.
24On this night in 1922, soldiers exhausted from so much killing went to the bordello at the port of San Julián for their well-deserved reward.Tamin'io alina io tamin'ny 1922, nandeha nankany amin'ny toeram-pivarotatena tao amin'ny seranan-tsambon'i San Juliàn hianoka ny valin'asany ireo miaramila reraka tamin'ny famonoana.
25But the five women who worked there closed the door in their faces and chased them away, screaming, “You murderers!Saingy nanakatona ny varavarana tamin'izy ireo ny vehivavy dimy niasa tao ary nandroaka azy ireo sady nihiaka hoe “Mpamono olona!
26Murderers, get out of here!”Mpamono olona, mivoaha ato! “
27Osvaldo Bayer recorded their names. They were Consuelo García, Ángela Fortunato, Amalia Rodríguez, María Juliache, and Maud Foster.Noraisin'i Osvaldo Bayer ny anaran'izy ireo: Consuelo García, Ángela Fortunato, Amalia Rodríguez, María Juliache sy Maud Foster.
28The whores. The virtuous.Mpivaro-tena tsara fanahy.
29(June 9)(9 Jiona)
30In the year 1901, Elisa Sánchez and Marcela Gracia got married in the church of Saint George in the Galician city of A Coruña.Tamin'ny taona 1901, natao tao amin'ny fiangonana Masindahy George ao an-tanàna Galisianina tao A Coruña ny fanambadian'i Elisa Sánchez sy Marcela Gracia.
31Elisa and Marcela had loved in secret.Nifankatia niafina i Elisa sy Marcela.
32To make things proper, complete with ceremony, priest, license and photograph, they had to invent a husband.Mba hampanara-dalàna ny zava-drehetra, amin'ny lanonana, mpitondra fivavahana, fahazoan-dalana ary sary, tsy maintsy namorona lehilahy ho vady.
33Elisa became Mario: she cut her hair, dressed in men's clothing, and faked a deep voice.Nanjary Mario i Elisa: notapahany ny volony, nanao fitafin-dehilahy izy ary nanova feo ho betroka.
34When the story came out, newspapers all over Spain screamed to high heaven - “this disgusting scandal, this shameless immorality” - and made use of the lamentable occasion to sell papers hand over fist, while the Church, its trust deceived, denounced the sacrilege to the police.Rehefa nivoaka ny marina, nitabataba nanaka-danitra ny gazety rehetra manerana an'i Espaina - “zava-doza maharikoriko izany, fitondra-tena manala-baraka” - ary nanararaotra ity tranga mampalahelo ity mba handaniana ny gazetin'izy ireo, raha nitory tany amin'ny polisy kosa ny fiangonana voafitaka tao anatin'ny fahatsorany.
35And the chase began.Ary nanomboka ny hazalambo.
36Elisa and Marcela fled to Portugal.Nandositra nankany Portiogaly i Elisa sy Marcela
37In Oporto they were caught and imprisoned.Tratra sy nampidirina am-ponja tao Oporto izy ireo.
38But they escaped.Saingy afa-nandositra ry zareo.
39They changed their names and took to the sea.Nanova ny anarany ry zareo ary nandeha an-dranomasina.
40In the city of Buenos Aires the trail of the fugitives went cold.Tsy hita ny nalehan-dry zareo rehefa tao an-tanànan'i Buenos Aires.
41(August 13)(13 Aogositra)
42In 1816 the government in Buenos Aires bestowed the rank of lieutenant colonel on Juana Azurduy “in virtue of her manly efforts.”Tamin'ny taona 1816, nasondrotry ny governemanta tao Buenos Aires ho lietnà kolonely i Juana Azurduy “ho fankasitrahana ireo ezaka vitany toy ny lehilahy”.
43She led the guerrillas who took Cerro Potosí from the Spaniards in the war of independence.Nitarika ny ady anaty akata nakàna an'i Cerro Potosí tamin'ireo Espaniola nandritra ny ady hoan'ny Fahaleovantena izy.
44War was men's business and women were not allowed to horn in, yet male officers could not help but admire “the virile courage of this woman.”Raharahan-dehilahy ny ady ary tsy navela handray anjara tamin'izany ny vehivavy, saingy tsy tanan'ireo manamboninahitra lehilahy ny tsy hanome voninahitra ny herim-pon'ity vehivavy ity”.
45After many miles on horseback, when the war had already killed her husband and five of her six children, Juana also lost her life.Taorian'ny fitaingenan-tsoavaly kilaometatra maro dia maro, rehefa lavon'ny ady ny vadiny sy ny zanany dimy tamin'ireo enina, namoy ny ainy ihany koa i Juana avy eo.
46She died in poverty, poor even among the poor, and was buried in a common grave.Namoy ny ainy tanaty fahantrana izy, mahantra noho ireo mahantra, ary nalevina tamin'ny fasana iombonana.
47Nearly two centuries later, the Argentine government, now led by a woman, promoted her to the rank of general, “in homage to her womanly bravery.”Efa ho taonjato roa tatỳ aoriana, nasondrotry ny governemanta Arzantina (izay tarihin'ny vehivavy ankehitriny) ho jeneraly izy “ho fanomezam-boninahitra amin'ny maha-vehivavy mahery fo azy”.
48(September 17)(17 Septambra)
49The centenary celebrations were over and all that glowing garbage was swept away.Tapitra ny fetin'ny fahazato taona ary nofafana ireo halotoana nameno tanàna.
50And the revolution began.Nanomboka teo ny revolisiona.
51History remembers the revolutionary leaders Zapata, Villa, and other he-men.Mahatsiaro ireo mpitarika revolisionera tahaka an'i Zapata, Vila sy lehilahy hafa ny tantara.
52The women, who lived in silence, went on to oblivion.Adino kosa ireo vehivavy niaina am-pahanginana.
53A few women warriors refused to be erased:Tsy nanaiky ho voakosoka kosa ireo vehivavy mpiady vitsivitsy:
54Juana Ramona, “la Tigresa,” who took several cities by assault;Juana Ramona, “Ilay Liona Vavy,” izay nahazo tanàna maro tamin'ny fanafihana;
55Carmen Vélez, “la Generala,” who commanded three hundred men;Carmen Vélez, “Jeneraly”, izay nibaiko lehilahy 300;
56Ángela Jiménez, master dynamiter, who called herself Angel Jiménez;Ángela Jiménez, tompon'ny baomba, niantso ny tenany hoe Angel Jiménez;
57Encarnación Mares, who cut her braids and reached the rank of second lieutenant hiding under the brim of her big sombrero, “so they won't see my woman's eyes”;Encarnación Mares, izay nanapaka ny randrany ary nanjary lietnà lefitra miafina ambadiky ny satroka be sofina (sombrero), “amin'izay tsy hitan'izy ireo ny masony vehivavy”;
58Amelia Robles, who had to become Amelio and who reached the rank of colonel;Amelia Robles, izay nanjary Amelio ary nahazo ny grady kolonely;
59Petra Ruiz, who became Pedro and did more shooting than anyone else to force open the gates of Mexico City;Petra Ruiz, izay lasa Pedro ary nahavita tifitra betsaka noho ny hafa hanokafana an-katerena ny vavahadin'i Mexico City;
60Rosa Bobadilla, a woman who refused to be a man and in her own name fought more than a hundred battles;Rosa Bobadilla, vehivavy tsy nety hivadika ho lehilahy ary nandray anjara tamin'ny ady maherin'ny an-jatony tamin'ny anarany manokana;
61and María Quinteras, who made a pact with the Devil and lost not a single battle.María Quinteras, izay nanao fanekena tamin'ny devoly ary nandresy tamin'ny ady rehetra.
62Men obeyed her orders.Nankatò ireo baikony ny lehilahy.
63Among them, her husband.Anisan'izany ny vadiny.
64(November 14)(14 Novambra)
65On this morning in 1889, Nellie Bly set off.Ny marainan'io 1899 io; niainga i Nellie Bly.
66Jules Verne did not believe that this pretty little woman could circle the globe by herself in less than eighty days.Tsy nino i Jules Verne fa mahavita mitsidika irery izao tontolo izao ao anatin'ny 80 andro latsaka ity vehivavy kely mahafatifaty ity.
67But Nellie put her arms around the world in seventy-two, all the while publishing article after article about what she heard and observed.Saingy nahavita nitsidika izao tontolo izao tao anatin'ny 72 andro i Nellie, namoaka lahatsoratra hatrany mitantara izay reny sy hitany nandritra ny diany izy.
68This was not the young reporter's first exploit, nor would it be the last.Tsy asan-kerimpo voalohany an'ity tanora mpanoratra gazety ity izany, ary tsy farany ihany koa.
69To write about Mexico, she became so Mexican that the startled government of Mexico deported her.Raha manoratra momba an'i Meksika, nanao Meksikana tenany izy ka nandefa an-tsesitany azy ny governementa Meksikana raiki-tahotra.
70To write about factories, she worked the assembly line.Raha manoratra momba ireo orinasa, niasa tamin'ny fanambatambarana izy.
71To write about prisons, she got herself arrested for robbery.Raha manoratra momba ny fonja, voasambotra ho nanao fandrobana izy.
72To write about mental asylums, she feigned insanity so well that the doctors declared her certifiable.Raha manoratra momba ireo trano fandraisana marary ara-tsaina, mody nanao adala izy ka nampidirin'ireo dokotera tany amin'ny toeram-pitsaboana adala.
73Then she went on to denounce the psychiatric treatments she endured, as reason enough for anyone to go crazy.Nanameloka ireo fitsaboana ara-tsaina natao taminy izy, fa ny natao azy dia ampy hahalasa adala ny olona.
74In Pittsburgh when Nellie was twenty, journalism was a man's thing.Tao Pittsburgh, rehefa feno roapolo taona i Nellie, asan-dehilahy ny asa fanaovan-gazety.
75That was when she committed the insolence of publishing her first articles.Tamin'izany no nanaovany fahasahisahiana tafahoatra namoahany ny lahatsoratra voalohany.
76Thirty years later, she published her last, dodging bullets on the front lines of World War I.Telo taona taty aoriana, namoaka ny lahatsoratra farany izy, nidify ireo bala voalohan'ny Ady Lehibe Voalohany.
77(November 25)(25 Novambra)
78In the jungle of the Upper Paraná, the prettiest butterflies survive by exhibiting themselves.Tao amin'ny alan'i Paranà Ambony, mivelona indray amin'ny fampisehoana ny tenany ireo lolo mahafatifaty indrindra.
79They display their black wings enlivened by red or yellow spots, and they flit from flower to flower without the least worry.Mampiseho ny elany mainty misy pentina mena na mavo izy ireo, ary manidina mitety voninkazo tsy amin'ahiahy na dia kely aza.
80After thousands upon thousands of years, their enemies have learned that these butterflies are poisonous.Taorian'ny taona an'arivony maro, nahafantatra ireo fahavalony fa misy poizina ireo lolo ireo.
81Spiders, wasps, lizards, flies, and bats admire them from a prudent distance.Miala lavidavitra azy ireo ny hala, takolapanenitra, androngo, lalitra ary ny ramanavy.
82On this day in 1960 three activists against the Trujillo dictatorship in the Dominican Republic were beaten and thrown off a cliff.Tamin'izany andro izany, tamin'ny taona 1960, nodarohana ary natsipy tany anaty tevana ireo mpikatroka telo manohitra ilay mpanao didy jadona Trujillo tao amin'ny Repoblika Dominikanina.
83They were the Mirabal sisters.Mirabal mirahavavy avy.
84They were the prettiest, and they were called Las Mariposas, “The Butterflies.”Mahafatifaty indrindra ary nantsoina hoe Las Mariposas, “Ry lolo (manidina).”
85In memory of them, in memory of their inedible beauty, today is International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women.Ho fahatsiarovana azy ireo, ho fahatsiarovana ny hatsara-tarehin'izy ireo, Andro iraisam-pirenena ho fanafoanana ny herisetra mihatra amin'ny vehivavy androany.
86In other words, for the elimination of violence by the little Trujillos that rule in so many homes.Na koa fanafoanana ny herisetra ataon'ireo Trujillos kely izay manjakazaka amin'ny tokantrano maro.
87(December 9)(19 Desambra)
88In 1986 the Nobel Prize for medicine went to Rita Levi-Montalcini.Azon'i Rita Levi-Montalcini ny Loka Nobel ny fitsaboana tamin'ny taona 1986.
89In troubled times, during the dictatorship of Mussolini, Rita had secretly studied nerve fibers in a makeshift lab hidden in her home.Nandritra ny vanim-potoanan'ny korontana, teo ambanin'ny didy jadon'i Mussolini, nianatra niafina momba ny ‘fibre nerveuse” tamin'ny laboratoara nafenina tao an-tranony i Rita.
90Years later, after a great deal of work, this tenacious detective of the mysteries of life discovered the protein that multiplies human cells, which won her the Nobel.Taona maro taty aoriana, taorian'ny asa goavana, nahita ny proteinina izay mampitombo ny selan'olombelona ity mpitsikilo ny misterin'ny fiainana ity, izay nahazoany ny Loka Nobel.
91She was about eighty by then and she said, “My body is getting wrinkled, but not my brain.Tokony ho valopolo taona teo izy raha nilaza hoe: “Mikentrona ny vatako, fa tsy ny atidohako.
92When I can no longer think, all I'll want is help to die with dignity.”Rehefa tsy afaka mieritreritra intsony aho, ny hany faniriako dia fanampiana ahy ho faty amim-pahamendrehana. “