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1 | A Leaked Document Casts A Shadow Over Tanzania's Bright Gas Extraction Outlook | Antontan-taratasy Tafaporitsaka Mamafy Aloka Momba Ny Hoavin'ny Fitrandrahana Entona Fandrehitra Ao Tanzania |
2 | Gas extraction in Tanzania, as seen by cartoonist by Masoud Kipanya. | Fitrandrahana entona ao Tanzania, araka ny fijerin'i Masoud Kipanya, mpanao sariitatra. |
3 | Originally published in Mwananchi. | Navoaka voalohany tao amin'ny Mwananchi. |
4 | Used with permission. | Fampiasàna nahazoana alàlana. |
5 | No one knows for sure how much gas there is in Tanzania, though estimates put the amount at around 51 trillion cubic feet (TCF). | Tsy misy olona tena mahafantatra tsara ny fatran'ny entona misy ao Tanzania, na dia mametraka izany ho 51 arivo lavitrisa metatra kioba (TCF) aza ireo vinavina natao. |
6 | But expectations surrounding gas exploration in Tanzania are soaringly high. | Saingy vetivety dia nanaka-danitra ny fiandrandràna zavatra manodidina ny fitrandrahana entona ao Tanzania. |
7 | Across Tanzania's commercial capital, Dar es Salaam, both traffic and new construction are burgeoning. | Manerana an'i Dar es Sallam, renivohitra ara-toekarena ho an'i Tanzania, samy miroborobo avokoa na ny fifamoivoizana na ny asa fanorenana. |
8 | The African Development Bank's (AfDB) designation of Dar es Salaam as the fastest growing city in East Africa is almost literally palpable. | Azo tsapain-tànana ara-bakiteny mihitsy ny fanendren'ny African Development Bank's (AfDB / BAD) an'i Dar es Salaam ho ny tanàna haingam-pitombo indrindra aty Afrika Atsinanana. |
9 | The AfDB report, “Tracking Africa's Progress”, predicts that the city's population will increase from 4 million to 6.2 million over the next 10 years. | Ny tatitry ny BAD, “Fanaraha-maso ny Fivoaran'i Afrika”, dia maminavina fa hitombo 4 tapitrisa hatramin'ny 6 tapitrisa ny mponin'io tanàna io ato anatin'ny 10 taona manaraka. |
10 | Predictions regarding the country's economic growth are based on future income from natural resources, like gas from the region of Mtwara. | Ny vinavina mijery ny fitomboana ara-toekaren'ny tanàna dia mifototra amin'ny fidiram-bola amin'ny hoavy azo avy amin'ny loharanon-karena natoraly, toy ny entona avy ao amin'ny faritra Mtwara. |
11 | AfDB's forecast, for instance, makes reference to the potential jobs this activity will create. | Ny tomban'ny BAD, ohatra, dia maka ho tondro ireo otrik'asa hiforona avy amin'io fihariana io. |
12 | Protests in January and May 2013, however, by residents in the port city of Mtwara, signal a lack of confidence that the future envisioned by the AfDB will also materialise for remote rural areas of Tanzania such as Mtwara Region. | Kanefa, ireo hetsi-panoherana tamin'ny Janoary sy May 2013, nataon'ireo mponina ao amin'ny seranan-tsambo ao Mtwara dia nandefa mariky ny tsy fisiam-pitokisana hoe ny hoavy novinavinain'ny BAD dia ho tanteraka any amin'ireo faritra ambanivohitr'i Tanzania, toa ny faritr'i Mtwara. |
13 | The catalyst for the protests was the announcement of a decision by the government to construct a gas pipeline from Mtwara to Dar es Salaam instead of a gas processing plant in Mtwara. | Ny fanainga ho an'ireny hetsi-panoherana ireny dia ilay fanambaràn'ny governemanta ny fanapahan-keviny hametraka fantsona lehibe fitondrana entona avy ao Mtwara mankany Dar es Salaam, fa tsy hanorina orinasa mpanodina ny entona ao Mtwara. |
14 | The latter would have fed into an industrialisation strategy that would boost local development. | Ity farany izay namahana ny resaka tetikady fampandrosoana miainga amin'ny fananganana indostria mba hanosika ny fampivoarana ao an-toerana. |
15 | An incident in early July 2014 involving a production sharing agreement (PSA) between the Tanzanian Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC) and the Norwegian multinational Statoil, along with Exxon Mobil, highlights how fraught the question of revenues from Tanzania's gasfields-and who will benefit from them-has become. | Ny tranga iray niseho tany am-piandohan'ny volana Jolay 2014, misy idiran'ilay fifanarahana fifampizaràna famokarana entona na “production sharing agreement” (PSA) teo amin'ny Tanzanian Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC) sy ny “Statoil” orinasa maro rantsana avy any Norvezy, miaraka amin'ny Exxon Mobil, no manasongadina ny hoe lasa resaka manohintohina ny resaka fidiram-bola avy amin'ny toeram-pitrandrahana entona ao Tanzania-sy ny hoe iza no mahazo tombontsoa amin'izy ireny. |
16 | Though not directly linked to the protests in Mtwara, the TPDC-Statoil affair underlines a growing awareness among Tanzanians of the issues surrounding oil and gas, and an increasing dissatisfaction with the way the government handles natural resources contracts and communicates this information to citizens. | Na dia tsy mifandray mivantana amin'ireo hetsi-panoherana tao Mtwara aza, manipika ny fahatongavan-tsaina tsy mitsaha-mitombo momba ny olana manodidina ny entona sy solika eny anivon-dry zareo Tanzaniana ny raharaha TPDC-Statoil, sy ny tsy fahafahampo mitombo miaraka amin'ny fomba ataon'ny governemanta hitantànana ny fifanarahana fitrandrahana loharanon-karena natoraly, ary fomba fampitàny io vaovao io ho an'ny olom-pirenena. |
17 | At the center of the matter is an addendum to Statoil's original contract with the Tanzanian government for gas extraction in Mtwara Region that was leaked, then brought to the attention of the Tanzanian press in early July 2014. | Ao anivon'ity olana ity ny tovana iray natao tamin'ny fifanarahana voalohany niarahan'ny Statoil sy ny governemanta Tanzaniana momba ny fitrandrahana entona ao amin'ny faritr'i Mtwara izay niporitsaka, ary avy eo dia fantatry ny gazety Tanzaniana tany am-piandohan'ny Jolay 2014. |
18 | According to media reports, under the terms of the agreement as outlined in the leaked document, the government stands to lose US$1 billion annually. | Araka ny tatitry ny gazety, ao anatin'ireo andininy amin'ilay fifanarahana araka ny voatsipika ao amin'ilay antontan-taratasy tafaporitsaka, ho very 1 lavitrisa dolara Amerikana isan-taona ny governemanta. |
19 | On social media Tanzanians wondered how the two multinationals had managed to strike such a good deal. | Nanontany tena tao amin'ny media sosialy ry zareo Tanzaniana momba ny fomba nataon'ireo orinasa roa maro rantsana ireo hahazoana fifanarahana be tombony tahaka izany. |
20 | A cartoon by Masoud Kipanya published in the Tanzanian daily Mwananchi depicts a white man with a tank labelled “GESI” (Swahili for “gas”) on his back, extracting gas from the ground while handing out pennies to a Tanzanian. | Sariitatra iray nataon'i Massoud Kipanya navoakan'ny gazety mpiseho isanandro “Mwananchi” no maneho lehilahy iray mibaby siny misy soratra “GESI” (entona amin'ny fiteny Swahili), misintona entona avy ao amin'ny tany no sady mitazona vary iray venty Tanzaniana. |
21 | Another Kipanya cartoon shows a mouse saying in Swahili: “I wish that we would let our gas remain underground till our country reaches adolescence.” | Asehon'ny Sariitatra iray hafa an'i Kipanya ny voalavo kely miteny amin'ny fiteny Swahili hoe : “Antenaiko mba ho avela ao ambanin'ny tany ao ihany ny solikantsika mandra-pahatongan'ny firenentsika amin'ny taona maha-zatovo azy.” |
22 | Statoil's gas extraction project in Tanzania is one of the largest investments ever in Sub-Saharan Africa. | Ny tetikasa fitrandrahana entona ataon'ny Statoil ao Tanzania no iray amin'ireo fampiasam-bola lehibe indrindra aty amin'ny faritra Afrika Atsimon'i Sahara. |
23 | Writing on Africa Arguments, the analyst and blogger Ben Taylor claimed that the potential revenue from natural gas is on a scale that could release Tanzania from its heavy dependence on development aid. | Tamin'izay nosoratany ho an'ny “Africa Arguments”, nilaza i Ben Taylor, mpandalina sady bilaogera, fa eo aminà zana-tohatra iray ahafahan'i Tanzania miala amin'ny fiankinan-doha tafahoatra amin'ny fanampiana ho amin'ny fampandrosoana azy ny tarehimariky ny vola maty amin'ny entona voajanahary. |
24 | “Another indication of the scale involved here,” wrote Taylor, “is that since the Norwegian government is Statoil's majority shareholder, the extra revenue to the Norwegian government from this deal could be worth more than double the total of all Norwegian aid to Tanzania since independence.” | “Maridrefy iray hafa tafiditra handrefesana ny fiantraikany eto,” hoy i Taylor, “dia hoe hatramin'ny naha-tompon'ny petra-bola be indrindra ny governemanta Norveziana ao amin'ny Statoil, dia tafakatra avo roa heny amin'izay fanampiana natolotry ny governemanta Norveziana ho an'i Tanzania hatramin'ny nahazoany ny fahaleovantena ny tombom-barotra azon'ny governemanta Norveziana amin'io fifanarahana io” |
25 | Zitto Kabwe, a member of parliament and Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, highlighted some of the leaked document's key points in a Q&A on his blog, and critiqued the fact that the PSA was not made publicly available. | Tao anatin'ny sehatra natao ho an'ny fanontaniana sy valiny, tao amin'ny bilaoginy, Zitto Kabwe, mpikambana ao amin'ny parlemanta sady filohan'ny kaomisiôna Fitantanam-bolam-panjakàna, dia nanasongadina sasantsasany tamin'ireo teboka fototra tao anatin'ilay antontan-taratasy tafaporitsaka, sady nanakiana ny tsy nanaovana ny PSA ho fanta-bahoaka. |
26 | In a July 6 article in the Daily News the TPDC responded to Kabwe, asserting that claims that the country risked losing US$1 billion per year were unfounded. | Tamin'ny 6 Jolay, lahatsoratra iray tao amin'ny “Daily News”, namaly an'i Kabwe ny TPDC tamin'ny fanamafisany fa tsy mitombina ny filazàna hoe ho very 1 lavitrisa dolara Amerikana isan-taona ny firenena. |
27 | Kabwe and others countered the TPDC's comments on Twitter, and Kabwe called on the TPDC to clarify the terms of the deal. | Notoherin'i Kabwe sy ny hafa tao amin'y Twitter ny fanehoankevitry ny TPDC, ary nangatahan'i Kabwe ny hitondran'ny TPDC fanazavana mikasika ny votoatin'ilay fifanarahana. |
28 | According to a July 19 article in The Citizen, the TPCD confirmed its position in a press conference on July 16: “Outgoing TPDC managing director Yona Killagane strongly refuted the claims that the country would incur a loss of $1 billion annually if the pact is fully implemented as agreed. | Araka ny lahatsoratra iray tamin'ny 19 Jolay tao amin'ny The Citizen, nanamafy nitàna ny toerana noraisiny ny TPCD nandritry ny tafatafa ho an'ny mpanao gazety nataony ny 16 Jolay: ” nolavin'i Yona Killagane mafy, tale jeneraly vao avy niala tamin'ny toerany tao amin'ny TPDC, ny filazana fa hizaka fatiantoka 1 lavitrisa dolara Amerikana isan-taona ny firenena raha toa ka tanterahana an-tsakany sy an-davany ilay fifanarahana, araka izay nifanekena. |
29 | Instead, he insisted that the government was likely to earn more money and that it stood a higher chance to benefit from the contract.” | Ho solon'izay, nohitrikitrihany ny hoe tahaka ny hahazo vola bebe kokoa sy hanana vintana betsaka hahazo tombony amin'ilay fifanarahana ny governemanta” |
30 | Tanzanians are not particularly pampered with regard to transparency around natural resources contracts, but this latest affair gives rise to even further mistrust. | Tsy dia avela hahita mangirana loatra ny Tanzaniana raha vao resaka mangarahara momba ny fifanarahana hitrandraka loharanon-karena natoraly no resahana, saingy ity raharaha farany ity dia vao mainka manome toerana bebe kokoa ny tsy fitokiana. |
31 | Nor does it help when the likes of Patrick Rutabanzibwa, chairman of PanAfrican Energy, the company that runs the Songo Songo Gas and gas-fueled power plant in Ubungo in Dar es Salaam (also the former Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Energy and Minerals), minimise the matter. | Vao mainka tsy manampy rehefa ny olona tahaka an-dry Patrick Rutabanzibwa (Sekretera maharitry ny Minisitry ny Angovo sy ny Harena an-kibon'ny Tany teo aloha ihany koa), lehiben'ny PanAfrican Energy, orinasa izay mampihodina ny “Songo Songo Gas” sy ny orinasa mpamokatra herinaratra ahodin-tsolika ao Ubungo any Dar es Salaam, no manamaivana ny raharaha. |
32 | “We are failing to enter into resource contracts as it was in mining and currently in oil and gas because our capacity is very low,” said Rutabanzibwa. | “Tsy vitantsika ny miditra aminà fifanarahana fitrandrahana loharanon-karena tahaka izay nisy tamin'ny resaka harena an-kibon'ny tany sy ny solika ary ny entona amin'izao fotoana satria mbola ambany be ny fahafaha-manaontsika,” hoy i Rutabanzibwa. |
33 | “But if Tanzanians will be empowered then, contracts will be balanced. . . . | “Nefa raha mahazo hery ny Tanzaniana, hitsimbadika hifandanja ny mizàna avy eo. . . . |
34 | We should let bygones be bygones and start by legally making investment contracts in the natural gas sector public; I am sure there will come a day where all investment contracts are public.” | Tokony hohadinointsika ny lasa ary manomboka manao fifanarahana fampiasam-bola manaraka ny lalàna eo amin'ny seha-panjakana momba ny entona voajanahary isika. Azoko antoka fa ho avy ny andro izay hahalasa ho an'ny fanjakàna ny fifanarahana rehetra ho fampiasam-bola.” |
35 | For stakeholders with particular interests in business and investments in Tanzania, criticism makes a challenging investment area like gas even more difficult, and some will even argue that it will result in less money going to neglected areas. | Ho an'ireo mpanelanelana mikatsaka tombontsoa manokana amin'ny fandraharahàna sy ny fampiasàna vola ao Tanzania, ny kiana dia mahatonga ny tontolon'ny fampiasana vola ho lasa fanamby sarotsarotra, toy ny sehatry ny entona, ary ny sasany aza tonga hatramin'ny fitenenana fa hiafara amin'ny fihenan'ny vola mankany amin'ireo faritra tsy dia raharahaina loatra io. |
36 | Others might say that regardless of Tanzania's share of the revenue, there will still be benefits in the form of jobs and local growth in Mtwara. | Mety hiteny ny sasany hoe tsy ijerena izay ampahany anjaran'i Tanzania any, hisy ny tombontsoa amin'ny endrika asa ary ny firoboroboana eo an-toerana ho an'i Mtwara. |
37 | Analyst Ben Taylor is less optimistic. | Somary very toky i Ben Taylor, mpandalina. |
38 | “One of the big political risks with oil and gas,” wrote Taylor, “is that it can be seen by politicians and senior officials as ‘easy' money that doesn't come with the kind of scrutiny that taxpayers demand when they pay their taxes and donors demand when they provide aid. | “Ny loza iray goavana mitatao ara-politika miaraka amin'ny solika sy entona,” hoy ny nosoratan'i Taylor, “dia ny mety handraisan'ireo politisiana sy manampahefana ambony azy io ho vola ‘mora azo' izay tsy tafiditra ao anatin'ny karazana fanaraha-maso takian'ny mpandoa hetra rehefa mandoa ny hetrany ry zareo, na takian'ireo mpanome rehefa manolotra fanampiana ry zareo. |
39 | “Unless somebody - the media, politicians, civil society - steps up to fill the gap, decision makers in government will be left free to make whatever decisions they choose, unencumbered by any need to protect the public interest. | “Raha tsy misy olona - ny mpampahalala vaovao, politisiana, fiarahamonina sivily - manao dingana hanentsina ny banga, dia ho malalaka hatrany ireo mpandray fanapahankevitra ao amin'ny governemanta hamoaka izay fanapahankevitra mahadiavolana ny fony, tsy hiasa saina amin'izay filàna miaro ny tombontsoam-bahoaka. |
40 | The Statoil PSA may well have cost Tanzania several billion dollars - yet it appears no-one is trying to hold those responsible to account.” | Mety hisanda dolara an-davitrisa maro ho an'i Tanzania ny Statoil PSA - saingy toa tsy misy olona miezaka manandrana ny hitaky tamberin'andraikitra amin'ireo manampahefana” |