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1 | China: Is there a place in education for high culture? | Sina: Misy toerana ho an'ny kolontsaina avo lenta ve eo anivon'ny fanabeazana? |
2 | Is there a place for liberal education in today's modern society, where competition for jobs is fierce, and occupations are increasingly specialized and technical? | Misy toerana ho an'ny fanabeazana ankapobeny ve amin'izao fiaraha-monina maoderina ankehitriny izao, izay efa maharomotra ny fifaninanana eo amin'ny tsenan'ny asa, ary ny raharaha rehetra dia samy efa voatokana sy ara-teknika daholo? |
3 | An April issue of the Southern Metropolitan Weekend published a letter written by a Year 3 university student from Tianjin, a major metropolis in Northeast China: | Ny volana Aprily dia namoaka taratasy nosoratan'ny mpianatra amin'ny taona faha-3 amin'ny Anjerimanontolo ao Tianjin, tanan-dehibe malaza iray ao amin'ny faritra avaratra-atsinanan'i Chine ny vaovao avy amin'ny Southern Metropolitan Weekend : |
4 | I don't know what the essence of Chinese culture is. | Tsy takatro hoe inona no votoatin'ny kolontsaina Sinoa. |
5 | In my school, there are many Japanese overseas students. | Ao amin'ny sekoly misy ahy, misy mpianatra Japoney maro avy any ampitan-dranomasina. |
6 | By a random chance, I glanced at their curriculum, which included Calligraphy, Peking Opera, Tai Chi…… I envy them. | Tamin'ny kisendrasendra ihany, nitopy tany amin'ny fandaharam-potoanan-dry zareo ny masoko, izay misy Sora-kaliana, Opera avy any Pekin, Tai Chi…… Mitsiriritra an-dry zareo aho. |
7 | I envy them because from childhood till now, I don't have a single chance to study these things - I cannot afford it at primary school; I don't have the energy for it at lower secondary school; I don't have the mood for it at upper secondary school. | Mitsiriritra an-dry zareo aho satria hatramin'ny fahazazana ka mandrak'androany dia tsy mba nanam-bitana nianatra ireny zavatra ireny aho - Tsy nanana ny ho enti-manana azy aho tany amin'ny ambaratonga voalohany; tsy nanana ny hery sy tanjaka indray tao amin'ny ambaratonga faharoa; ary tsy taitra taminy intsony nony tonga tamin'ny sekoly ambony. |
8 | Now, everything is ready at university, but the school gives those opportunities to overseas students. | Amin'izao fotoana, misy ny zavatra rehetra aty amin'ny Anjerimanontolo, saingy omen'ny toeram-pianarana vahana amin'ireny rehetra ireny ireo mpianatra avy any ivelany. |
9 | One day, if I talk with a Japanese about Peking Opera, perhaps he will know more than I do! | Indray andro any, raha miresaka amina Japoney iray momba ny Opera avy any Pekin aho, angamba izy no hahafantatra bebe kokoa noho izaho! |
10 | Peking Opera | Opera avy any Pekin |
11 | Xiong Bingqi, responding to this letter in his blog, takes a deeper look at the reasons why local Chinese students lack opportunities to learn about Chinese culture: | Xiong Bingqi, mamaly ity taratasy ity ao amin'ny blaoginy, dia nandinika lalina ireo antony mahatonga ny fahabangana eo amin'ny mpianatra Sinoa tsy ahafahan-dry zareo mianatra momba ny Kolontsaina Sinoa: |
12 | Is it the responsibility of the university? | Andraikitry ny Anjerimanontolo ve izany? |
13 | After reading this short letter, perhaps your first reaction is that the university is biased towards overseas students such that it does not arrange classes on Calligraphy, Peking Opera and Tai Chi for local students. | Rehefa avy mamaky ity taratasy fohy ity, angamba ny fahatsapanao voalohany dia ny hoe mitodika loatra amin'ireo mpianatra vahiny ny Anjerimanontolo noho izy tsy manome fampianarana Sora-kaliana, Opera avy any Pekin sy Tai Chi ho an'ny mpianatra teratany. |
14 | But it is far from the truth. | Nefa lavitra loatra ny tena fahamarinana izany. |
15 | In fact, some universities have started such classes and associations for students to choose from. | Ny marina, maromaro ireo anjerimanontolo no nanomboka fampianarana sy fanakambanana natao ho an'ny mpianatra toy izany mba hahafahana misafidy. |
16 | However, very few local students take them. | Na izany aza, tena vitsy amin'ireo mpianatra teratany no misafidy azy ireny. |
17 | Cultural activities also attract little audiences, which is frustrating for organizers. | Tsy dia mahasarika ny maro loatra koa ny hetsika ara-kolontsaina, izay tena mahaketraka ireo mpikarakara. |
18 | In today's environment, students and schools alike focus on technical education due to employment pressures. | Anatin'ny tontolo misy ankehitrio, ireo mpianatra sy ireo sekoly dia samy miompana amin'ny fampianarana ara-teknika daholo noho ny faneren'ny tsenan'asa. |
19 | Liberal education seems to be outdated. | Ary dia toa nilaozan'ny toetr'andro ny fampianarana ankapobeny. |
20 | Education does serve two purposes. | Tanjona roa no tratrarin'ny fanabeazana. |
21 | From a utilitarian point of view, it is pragmatic, technical and occupational. | Raha amin'ny fomba fijery azy ho fitaovana, dia miantoka ny fampitaovana izy, ny ara-teknika ary ny asa fivelomana. |
22 | From a non-utilitarian point of view, it is exactly the opposite, and this is what we call liberal education. | Raha amin'ny fijery tsy mandray azy ho fitaovana, dia tena ny mifanohitra amin'izay tanteraka, ary io ilay antsointsika hoe fanabezana ankapobeny. |
23 | A technical education can help the student to master technical skills needed for a job, while liberal education can raise the quality and potential of the student. | Ny fanabeazana ara-teknika iray dia afaka manampy ny mpianatra hahafehy ny fahaiza-manao ara-teknika ilaina amina asa iray, raha ny fanabeazana ankapobeny kosa manandratra ny toetra sy ny lanjam-pahaizan'ilay mpianatra. |
24 | In general, a university should focus on improving students' potential and quality, while a vocational school should emphasize on nurturing occupational skills. | Amin'ny ankapobeny, ny anjerimanontolo iray dia tokony hifantoka amin'ny fampivoarana ny lanjam-pahaizana sy ny toetry ny mpianatra, raha ireo sekoly fiofanana manokana indray dia tokony hanindry mafy ny fahaiza-manao ilay asa. |
25 | Almost all universities are under pressure to achieve employment targets for graduates. As a result, education is predominantly focussed on technical training. | Saiky ny ankabeazan'ireo anjerimanontolo no iharan'ny tsindry amin'ny fanatratrarana ny tanjona takian'ny tsenan'ny asa amin”ireo mpianatra vao nahazo diplaoma. |
26 | Liberal education is substituted for practical skills training. | Vokany, mirona be any amin'ny taranja ara-teknika ny fampianarana. |
27 | Sadly, this adjustment is portrayed as an ‘innovation.' | Voasongon'ny ny fampianarana ara-tekinika ny fampianarana ankapobeny. |
28 | […] It is therefore not hard to understand why lessons on high cultures are common among overseas students, but not for local ones. | Indrisy fa izany no nanjary antsoina hoe «fanavaozana»[…] Tsy sarotra noho izany ny manakatra ny antony mahatonga ireo lesona momba ny kolontsaina ho mora kokoa ho an'ireo mpianatra vahiny noho ireo mpianatra teratany. |
29 | Universities do not have pressures to guarantee employments for overseas students. | Tsy manana tsindry momba ny tsenan'asa ho an'ireo mpianatra vahiny ireo Anjerimanontolo. |
30 | They can therefore expose them to Chinese high cultures, which is the aim of studying overseas. | Noho izany dia afaka mirona any amin'ny kolontsaina sinoa izy ireo, izay tanjona lehiben'ny fianarana any ivelany. |
31 | But this intellectual deterioration in higher culture is not new, and is not limited to China. | Saingy tsy vaovao io fahapotehana ateraky ny fandratoam-pahalalana eo amin' ny kolontsaina io, ary tsy voafetra ho any Sina ihany. |
32 | Christopher Lasch, American social critic and historian, ascribes the decline of western culture to modern-day capitalism. | Christopher Lasch mpitsikera sy mpahay tantara momba ny fiarahamonina Amerikana, dia mamely ny fiharatsian'ny kolontsaina tandrefana amin'ny kapitalisman'ny andro mivoatra. |
33 | Commenting on the decline of literacy in America, he writes in The Culture of Narcissism in 1979: | Mitsikera ny fiharatsian'ny fampianarana mamaky teny sy manoratra any Amerika, nanoratra tao amin'ny The Culture of Narcissism izy tamin'ny 1979: |
34 | Standards are deteriorating even at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, which can hardly be described as institutions of mass education. | Potika ny lasitra, eny fa na dia any Harvard, Yale, sy Princeton aza, izay sarotsarotra ny manoritra azy ho fampianarana ho an'ny rehetra. |
35 | A faculty committee at Harvard reports, ‘The Harvard faculty does not care about teaching.' | Nitatitra ny vondrom-piarahamonin'ny fakiolte [faculty] iray ao Harvard fa “tsy miraharaha ny fampianarana ny fakiolten'i Harvard”. |
36 | According to a study of general education at Columbia, teachers have lost ‘their common sense of what kind of ignorance is unacceptable.' | Araka ny fanadihadiana natao momba ny fampianarana ankapobeny any Columbia, nanary ny “fahatsapana sy famantarana ny karazana tsy fahalalana tsy azo ekena” ireo mpampianatra. |
37 | As a result, ‘Students reading Rabelais's description of civil disturbances ascribe them to the French Revolution. | Vokatr'izany dia “ireo mpianatra namaky ny famaritan'i Rabelais ny fikorontanan'ny olon-tsotra no nampifandray azy tamin'ny “Revolisiona” frantsay. |
38 | A class of twenty-five had never heard of the Oedipus complex - or of Oedipus. | Kilasy iray misy mpianatra 25 no tsy mbola naheno mihitsy momba ny “complexe d'Oedipe”, na momba an'i Oedipe. |
39 | Only one student in a class of fifteen could date the Russian Revolution within a decade. | Mpianatra iray ao anaty kilasy ahitàna ankizy 15 irery no afaka manome ny datin'ny revolisona russe folo taona aty aoriana” |
40 | As we read on, we find a strikingly similar reasoning which is equally applicable to the current situation in China: | Araka izay novakiana teo, misy fomba fisaina manaitra mitovy amin'izany izay azo ampiharina amin'ny zava-misy ankehitriny any Sina: |
41 | In any case, the decline of literacy cannot be attributed solely to the failure of the educational system. | Na ahoana na ahoana, tsy azo atsipy any amin'ny tsy fahombiazan'ny rafi-pampianarana ny fihenan-danjan'ny fahaiza-mamaky teny sy manoratra. |
42 | Schools in modern society serve largely to train people for work, but most of the available jobs, even in the higher economic range, no longer require a high level of technical or intellectual competence. | Amin'ny fiaraha-monina maoderina, ny sekoly dia natao hanomanana ny olona hiasa fotsiny, nefa ny ankamaroan'ny asa misy, na dia ireo manana ny laharana ambony eo amin'ny ara-toekarena aza, dia tsy ilàna fahaiza-manao na tekinika akory. |
43 | Indeed most jobs consist so largely of routine, and depend so little on enterprise and resourcefulness, that anyone who successfully completes a given course of study soon finds himself ‘overqualified' for most of the positions available. | Noho izany, ny ankabeazan'ireo asa dia fahazàrana fotsiny sisa, tsy dia miankina loatra amin'ny orinasa sy ny kiry ataon'ireo mpiasa nianatra ka lasa ‘mahay tafahoatra lavitra' ny asa izay misy izy. |
44 | The deterioration of the educational system thus reflects the waning social demand for initiative, enterprise, and the compulsion to achieve. | Ny fahapotehan'ny rafi-pampianarana dia hita taratra eo amin'ny fidinan-danjan'ny fiarahamonina eo amin'ny lafiny fanapahan-kevitra, fandraisana anjara, sy ny zotom-po hanatontosa. |
45 | Here, of course, ‘initiative, enterprise, and the compulsion to achieve' concern high culture ends. | Eto, mazava ho azy, ny “fandavan-tena, fandraisana anjara, ary ny zotom-po hanatontosa” dia mahakasika ny kolontsaina avo lenta. |
46 | But modern industrial society has no demand for this kind of literacy. | Saingy ny fiarahamonin'ny asa maoderina tsy misy toerana ho an' io fomba fisainana io. |
47 | It is then natural for us to see the increasingly marginalized status of culture, philosophy, history and other humanities subjects in higher education. | Izany no mahatonga antsika haka sary antsaina ny taranja kolontsaina, ny filozofia, ny tantara sy ny taranja hafa miresaka ny maha-olombelona ho tsy dia manan-danja eny amin'ny fampianarana ambony. |
48 | As we continue the race to the bottom, is there a way out? | Fa ny fanohizan-tsika io hazakazaka io hatramin'ny farany, misy lalan-kivoahana ve ? |
49 | Is there a place for high culture in today's society? | Mbola manana ny toerany ao anaty fiarahamonina ve ny kolontsaina avo lenta ankehitriny? |
50 | | Misy toerana ho an'ny fanalalahana fampianarana ve amin'izao fiaraha-monina maoderina ankehitriny izao, izay efa maharomotra ny fifaninanana eo amin'ny tsenan'ny asa, izay efa miha-mivoatra sy ara-teknika. |