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1Postcard from San Salvador: The Subtle Tyranny of GangsKaratra Fandefa Paositra Avy Any San Salvador: Ny Jadona Saro-takarina Ataon'ny Andian-jiolahy
2Graffiti with the initials of Mara Salvatrucha gang.Soratsoratra ahitàna ny fanafohezana ny anaran'ny andian-jiolahy Mara Salvatrucha.
3Photo taken from the Flickr account of Walking The Tracks under Creative Commons license.Sary nalaina tao amin'ny kaonty Flickr an'i Walking The Tracks, nampiasàna ny lisansa Creative Commons.
4This story by Daniel Alarcón was originally published in Radio Ambulante and is reproduced here under our partnership agreement.Navoaka voalohany tao amin'ny Radio Ambulante ity tantara nosoratan'i Daniel Alarcón ity ary naverina navoaka eto noho ny fifanekena fiarahana miasa eo aminay.
5If you've read about the situation in El Salvador recently, you might have seen a headline like this one, which came out in the International Business Times.Raha namaky momba ny toe-draharaha misy tato ho ato ao San Salvador ianao, mety nahita lohateny tahàka ity iray ity, izay nivoaka tao amin'ny International Business Times.
6It said: “El Salvador to become deadliest peace-time country in the world.”Hoy ilay izy : “Ho lasa firenena mandry fahalemana ahitàna faty olona be indrindra eto an-tany i El Salvador.”
7That phrase is kind of strange, right?Toa hafahafa ihany izany fehezanteny izany an, sa tsy izany?
8Since last year, when the truce between the government and the gangs ended, the homicide rate has skyrocketed, growing over 50 percent.Hatramin'ny taona lasa, rehefa tapitra ny fifanarahana fitsaharana teo amin'ny governemanta sy ireo andian-jiolahy, nisidina ambony ny tahan'ny vono olona, niakatra 50 isanjato.
9In May of 2015, there were more than 600 homicides, in a country with a little over 6 million inhabitants; numbers they hadn't seen since the 1990s-more than double of what we see in Iraq today.Ny May 2015, vono olona 600 no nisy, tao anatinà firenena iray izay zara raha misy mponina 6 tapitrisa mahery kely; tarehimarika tsy fahita hatramin'ny andian-taona 1990 - efa in-droa mahery amin'izay hitantsika any Iràka amin'izao fotoana izao.
10Over 35 police officers have been arrested this year, and it looks like things are getting worse.Maherin'ny 35 ireo manamboninahitry ny polisy nosamborina taminì'ity taona ity, ary toa vao mainka hita ho miharatsy aza ny fandehan-javatra.
11Last Sunday, August 16, was the most violent day of 2015, with more than 40 homicides.Ny Alahady 16 Aogositra no andro tena faran'izay nahery setra ho an'ny taona 2015, nisy vono olona 45 mahery.
12So the question is this: if what's going on in El Salvador is not a war, then what is it exactly?Ka izao no fanontaniana: Raha tsy ady no misy ao El Salvador amin'izao, dia inona marina ary izy ity e?
13Everyone has been touched, directly or indirectly, by this chaos and violence.Voakasika daholo ny tsirairay, mivantana na ankolaka, amin'io saritaka sy herisetra io.
14And Salvadorans of all social classes have learned to deal with that constant feeling of insecurity.Ary naka lesona hiatrehana ny fahatsapàna tsy fisiana fandriampahalemana misy isanandro ireo Salvadoriana avy amin'ny sarangam-piarahamonina rehetra.
15Many of the people I talked to told me that it doesn't matter what foreign newspapers publish.Maro tamin'ireo olona niresahako no niteny fa tsy olana izay lazain'ny gazety vahiny any.
16“Here,” they said, “here we're at war.“Eto,” hoy izy ireo, “anaty ady izahay eto.
17And it's going to last.”Ary hitohy haharitra izy ity.”
18So what is this war about?Ka ady momba ny inona ary ilay izy?
19Like in other armed conflicts, there are deaths from both sides.Toy ny amin'ireo fifandirana hafa mitam-piadina dia misy ny maty avy amin'ny andaniny sy ny ankilany.
20In this case, the maras-or gangs-and the police.Ao anatin'ity raharaha ity, ny maras-na andian-jiolahy-sy ny polisy.
21And like in other armed conflicts, the ones who often suffer the most are civilians-people who have nothing to do with the conflict.Ary toy ny amin'ireo fifandirana hafa mitam-piadiana, ny sivily no mazàna tena mibaby ny hirifiry-ireo olona izay tsy misy idirany velively amin'ilay fifandirana.
22That's because excessive violence in El Salvador affects all aspects of daily life.Izany dia satria mahadòna ny endrika rehetra amin'ny fiainana andavanandro ny herisetra tafahoatra ao El Salvador.
23And not always in the way you expect it.Ary tsy araka izay nieritreretanao azy mandrakariva akory.
24This is Iris.Ity i Iris.
25For safety reasons, we have decided not to use her last name.Noho ny antony fiarovana no nanapahanay hevitra fa ny fanampin'anarany ihany no nampiasainay.
26Iris, like many Salvadorans, lives trying to avoid problems.Iris, toy ireo Salvadoriana maro, dia miaina amin'ny fiezahana misoroka olana.
27And in general she's succeeded.Ary amin'ny ankapobeny dia vitany izany.
28She has a good job, and she is doing well in her career.Manana asa tsara izy, ary tafita tsara amin'ny asany.
29The gang members don't pay too much attention to her.Tsy dia miraharaha azy loatra ireo mpikambana ao amin'ilay andian-jiolahy.
30She dresses well, and takes care of her appearance.Mitafy tsara izy, ary mikolokolo tsara ny endrika ivelany.
31And since she was younger, there's been something that she really likes to do: color her hair.Ary hatramin'ny hatanoràny, nisy zavatra izay tena tiany tokoa ny manao azy: ny mandoko ny volony.
32It's part of her look-part of her identity.Tafiditra ao amin'ny fomba fitafiny io-ampahany amin'ny maha-izy azy.
33And this story is about that.Ary momba izany ity tantara ity.
34Because violence, the insecurity brought on by the maras, is not just about what you read in the headlines.Satria ny herisetra, ny tsy fandriampahalemana ateraky ny maras dia tsy izay vakianao fotsiny eny anaty lohateny lehiben'ny gazety.
35A shooting here, a mugging there.Fitifirana etsy, sinto-mahery eroa.
36No. It's also about the details.Tsia, misy koa ny antsipirihany.
37Moments where evil shows up in front of you.Fotoana izay isehoan'ny helo eo anoloanao.
38Next to you.Tena eo akaikinao.
39Moments like this one.Fotoana toy ity iray ity.
40Iris: I was riding a Coaster, a bus, and a girl sat next to me… The girl was a little heavier than I was.Iris: Nandeha Coaster aho, fiara fitateram-bahoaka, ankizivavy iray no nipetraka teo anilako… Somary mavesabesatra noho izaho izy.
41She had her eyebrows very thin, and her hair damaged, dyed.Tena manify ny volomasony, ary simba ny volony, miloko.
42Daniel Alarcón: Blond.Daniel Alarcón: Blonde.
43Her lips outlined in red.Vita ankosotra mena ny molony.
44… Leopard-skin tights.… bà manify toa lokonà Leoparda.
45According to Iris, this type of clothing, in El Salvador, is a code.Araka ny filazan'i Iris, marika ifamantarana io karazana fitafy io ao El Salvador.
46Iris: And because of the way she started talking I knew she wasn't a normal girl, that maybe she was a gang member's girlfriend.Iris: Ary noho ny fomba nentiny nanomboka ny resaka dia fantatro fa tsy ankizy toy ny rehetra izy, fa angamba sipan'ny mpikambana aminà andian-jiolahy.
47And here's another detail to consider: buses in El Salvador are dangerous, because gangs have infiltrated transportation.Ary ity misy antsipirihany hafa mila jerena: mampidi-doza ireo fiara fitateram-bahoaka ao El Salvador, satria efa nitsofohan'ny andian-jiolahy hatramin'ny resaka fitaterana.
48Passengers run the risk of being mugged, robbed.Miatrika tebiteby sao hiharan'ny sinto-mahery na ho voaendaka ireo mpandeha.
49Sometimes the gangs demand money from transportation companies.Indraindray, mitaky vola amin'ireo orinasa manao fitaterana ireo andian-jiolahy.
50And if they don't pay, the maras can kill the drivers.Ary raha tsy manome izy ireny, vitan'ny maras ny mamono ny mpamily.
51In other cases, the drivers are accomplices of the gang members.Amin'ny tranga hafa, mpiray tsikombakomba amin'ireo andian-jiolahy ny mpamily.
52It's a very complicated situation.Toe-draharaha tena sarotra io.
53Iris: She showed me a scar she had on her stomach.Iris: Nasehony ahy ny holatra teo amin'ny kibony.
54And she said, ‘‘Look, these are war wounds.Ary hoy izy ‘‘Jereo, ratra an'ady itony.
55This shows people on the streets the courage we have,” she said.Mampiseho amin'ny olona eny an'arabe ny fahasahiana anananay io,” hoy izy.
56“Hey, change your hair.“Hey, ovay ny volonao.
57Because if I see you again, or if any of the drivers see you again, we'll know it's you.Satria raha mahita anao indray aho amin'ny manaraka, na izay mpamily mahita anao, dia ho fantatray fa ianao io.
58We all know each other here.Mifankahalàla daholo izahay rehetra eto.
59And since you don't want to tell me where you're from, just be careful.Ary satria tsy-te-hilaza amiko ny fiavianao ianao, dia mitandrema tsara fotsiny.
60And change your hair.''Dia ovay ny volonao.''
61I froze.Tsy nahetsika aho.
62It was was like…Oh, God, what do I?Toy ny hoe….. Andriamanitra o! inona no ho atao?
63At that time, there were rumors that if you went around with red hair you were this gang; if you were blonde, it was another.Tamin'izay fotoana izay, nisy ny tsaho niely hoe rehefa mandehandeha miaraka amin'ny volo miloko mena ianao dia tao anatin'io andian-jiolahy io; raha blonde ny anao, dia andian-jiolahy hafa.
64This was something Iris had not considered when she decided to dye her hair… A small act of self-expression, snuffed out by gangs.Zavatra iray tsy nampidirin'i Iris tao anatin'ny kajikajiny io raha nanapaka hevitra handoko ny volony izy… Fihetsika kely ho fanehoany ny aminy, nosemporin'ireo andian-jiolahy.
65And of course, when you compare this with what you read in newspapers, it seems like it's not that important.Ary mazava loatra, rehefa ampitahainao amin'izay novakianao tany anaty gazety ity, dia toy ny tsy dia manan-danja mankaiza loatra.
66But it is.Nefa dia manan-danja.
67When gangs impose themselves on aspects of daily life that are so incidental, it's a way of telling the people: “Hey, we're in charge here.Rehefa teren'ireo andian-jiolahy ho hita taratra amin'ny endriky ny fianana andavanandro ny fisian-dry zareo, dia toy ny fomba iray izany hilazàna amin'ny olona hoe: “Hey, izahay no mpifehy eto.
68Not you.Fa tsy ianareo.
69Not the government.Tsy ny governemanta.
70Not the police.Tsy ny polisy.
71We are.”Fa izahay.”
72You can listen the complete episode here:Azonao henoina ato ny ampahany feno tamin'ny resaka: