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1 | In Finland's ‘Open Prisons,’ Inmates Have the Keys | ‘Fonja Misokatra’ Ao Finland, Ireo Mpifonja No Tompon'ny Fanalahidy |
2 | Jukka Tiihonen served the last few years of his sentence for murder at this open prison on Suomenlinna Island. | Noho ny vono olona nataony, namita ireo taona farany tamin'ny saziny tao amin'ny Fonja Misokatra ao amin'ny Nosy Suomenlinna i Jukka Tiihonen. |
3 | Credit: Rae Ellen Bichell. | Sary: Rae Ellen Bichell. |
4 | Published with PRI's permission | Famoahana nahazoana alàlana tamin'ny PRI |
5 | This article and radio report by Rae Ellen Bichell for The World originally appeared on PRI.org on April 15, 2015, and is republished here as part of a content-sharing agreement. | Ity lahatsoratra ity sy ny tatitra an'onjampeo nataon'i Rae Ellen Bichell ho an'nyThe World dia nivoaka voalohany indrindra tao amin'ny PRI.org tamin'ny 15 Aprily 2015, ary naverina navoaka etoana noho ny fifanarahana fifampizaràna votoaty. |
6 | To find the inmates at the prison in Kerava, Finland, just walk down a tree-lined path and open the door to the greenhouse. | Mba hahitanao ireo mpifonja ao amin'ny fonjan'i Kerava, Finland, dia midinà fotsiny amin'ilay làlana misy tandavana hazo telo dia vohay ny varavarana mankao amin'ilay tranohiboka (serre). |
7 | “It's quite relaxing to be here,” says Hannu Kallio, a convicted drug smuggler. | “Somary manala sasatra izany eto,” hoy i Hannu Kallio, voaheloka noho ny varotra zava-mahadomelina. |
8 | “We have bunnies.” | “Manana bitro izahay.” |
9 | The 70 inmates in this facility go to work every day in the greenhouse. | Mandeha isanandro miasa ao amin'ilay tranohiboka ireo mpifonja miisa 70 ao amin'ity toerana ity. |
10 | Today, they're potting seedlings in preparation for a big spring sale. | Androany, manisy masomboly ireo tavim-boninkazo hiomanana ho amin'ny varotra rehefa faran'ny ririnina ry zareo. |
11 | And yes, there's a pen of bunnies to hang out with and pet. | Ary marina tokoa, misy toerana fiompiana bitro hisangisangiana sy hatao namana ao. |
12 | There are also sheep. | Misy ondry ihany koa. |
13 | But there aren't any gates, locks or uniforms - this is an open prison. | Saingy tsy misy varavarana, hidin-trano na fanamiana- fonja misokatra io. |
14 | Everyone at the Kerava open prison applied to be here. | Misoratra ho eto daholo ireo ao amin'ny fonja misokatra ao Kerava. |
15 | They earn about $8 an hour, have cell phones, do their grocery shopping in town and get three days of vacation every couple of months. | Mahazo eo amin'ny 8 dolara amerikana isan'ora ry zareo, manana finday, miantsena ny zavatra ilainy any an-tanàna ary mahazo andro telo hialàna sasatra isaky ny roa volana. |
16 | They pay rent to the prison; they choose to study for a university degree in town instead of working, they get a subsidy for it; they sometimes take supervised camping and fishing trips. | Mandoa hofantrano amin'ny fonja ry zareo; mifidy ny hianatra haka diplaoma amin'ny anjerimanontolo any an-tanàn-dehibe raha tsy te-hiasa, mahazo fanampiana ry zareo amin'izany; indraindray ry zareo mahazo fivoahana mandeha maka rivotra an-kalamanjana na manjono, saingy eo ambany fanarahamaso. |
17 | Inmates know it wouldn't be hard to escape. | Fantatr'ireo mpifonja fa tsy ho sarotra ny mandositra. |
18 | “You can go if you want,” Kallio says. | “Afaka mandeha ianao raha tianao,” hoy i Kallio. |
19 | “But if you escape, you go back to jail. | “Saingy raha mandositra ianao, dia miverina any an-tranomaizina. |
20 | Better to be here.” | Tsara kokoa ny mitoetra eto.” |
21 | Each spring, hundreds of people come to the Kerava open prison to picnic, pat the animals and buy plants cultivated by inmates. | Isaky ny lohataona, olona an-jatony maro no tonga ao amin'ny Fonja Misokatra ao Kerava mba hitsangantsangana, hisafo ireo biby sy hividy ireo zavatra novolen'ny mpifonja. |
22 | Credit: Courtesy of Criminal Sanctions Agency, Finland | Sary: Natolotry ny Masoivohon'ny Famaizana Heloka Bevava, Finland |
23 | Open prisons have been around in Finland since about the 1930s. | Efa manerana an'i Finland hatramin'ny taona 1930 tany ho any ireo Fonja Misokatra. |
24 | Back then, they were more like labor colonies. | Hatramin'izany no efa toy ny andian'olona mpiasa ry zareo. |
25 | These days, they're the last step of a prison sentence before inmates make the transition back to regular life. | Tato ho ato, natao ho dingana farany amin'ny fanefana sazy any am-ponja izy ireny ho fanomanana alohan'ny hiverenany amin'ny fiainana ara-dalàna. |
26 | “There is no idea that we are locking people up for the rest of their lives,” says Tapio Lappi-Seppälä, head of the Institute of Criminology at the University of Helsinki, “because if that's the case, you really should invest and make sure that there is the possibility of rehabilitation.” | “Tsy misy antony mihitsy tokony hanibohantsika olona mandritra ny andro sisa iainany,” hoy i Tapio Lappi-Seppälä, talen'ilay Ivontoerana mandinika ny momba ny Heloka ao amin'ny Anjerimanontolon'i Helsinki, “satria raha izany no atao, mila mampiasa vola ianao ary mahazo antoka fa hisy ny fahafahana mamerina azy indray ho eny anivon'ny fiarahamonina.” |
27 | It wasn't always like this. A few decades ago, Finland had one of the highest rates of imprisonment in Europe. | Tsy toy izany mandrakariva no nisy ampolotaona vitsy lasa izao, Finland no nanana ny iray tamin'ireo taha ambony indrindra tamin'ny famonjana tao Eoropa. |
28 | Then, in the 1960s, researchers across the Nordic countries started investigating how much punishment really helps reduce crime. | Avy eo, tamin'ny 1960, nolazain' ireo mpikaroka avy amin'ireo firenena avy any avaratr'i Eoropa fa fomba tena manampy hahafahana mampihena ny heloka ny fanasaziana . |
29 | The conclusion: It doesn't. | Ny famintinana: tsy tanteraka izany. |
30 | “This was the first time that you had critical research showing that imprisonment really doesn't work,” Lappi-Seppälä says. | “Io no fotoana voalohany nahavitàna fikarohana lalimpaka nanehoana fa tsy mahomby araka ny tokony ho izy ny famonjana,” hoy i Lappi-Seppälä. |
31 | Over the next three decades, Finland remade its penal policy bit by bit. | Nandritry ny taompolo telo nanaraka, naverin'i Finland nojerena antsipirihany ny politikan'ny famaizany. |
32 | By the end of this period of “decarceration,” Finland had one of the lowest rates of imprisonment on the continent. | Tany amin'ny faran'io vanim-potoana “famoahana ny fonja” io, Finland no nanana ny taha iray ambany indrindra amin'ny fampidirana am-ponja teto amin'ny kaontinanta. |
33 | Lappi-Seppälä says crime didn't increase as a result. | Lazain'i Lappi-Seppälä fa vokatr'izany dia tsy nitombo ny fanaovana heloka. |
34 | “The lesson from Finland was that it was perfectly possible to drop the use of imprisonment [by two-thirds,]” he says, “and that did not disturb the crime trend development in Finland.” | “Ny lesona azo avy amin'i Finland dia ny hoe azo atao tsara mihitsy ny manaisotra ny fampidirana am-ponja [hatramin'ny roa ampahatelony,]” hoy izy, “ary tsy manelingelina ny fivoaran'ny fironana ho amin'ny fanaovana heloka ao Finland izany.” |
35 | What did work was a gradual reintroduction into normal life, the kind that the open prisons offer. | Ny fampidirana miandalana ho amin'ny fiainana ara-dalàna no nateraky ny asa, izay no karazany atolotr'ireo fonja misokatra ireo. |
36 | About a third of Finnish inmates are housed in open prison, and Finland's Criminal Sanctions Agency says inmates who go through open prisons are less likely to be arrested again. | Eo amin'ny ampahatelon'ireo mpifonja no mipetraka any amin'ireny fonja misokatra ireny, ary lazain'ny Masoivohon'ny Famaizana Heloka Bevava ao Finland fa ireo voafonja mandalo amin'ireny fonja misokatra ireny no vitsy kokoa amin'ireo izay voasambotra indray aty aoriana. |
37 | The reoffending rate drops almost 20 percent. | Nidina hatramin'ny 20 isanjato ny tahan'ny mpamerin-keloka. |
38 | Open prisons also cost less. | Tsy andaniana vola be ihany koa ireo fonja misokatra. |
39 | Esa Vesterbacka, head of the country's Criminal Sanctions Agency, says that by eliminating the need for extra security systems and personnel - and by housing people in what are essentially dorms - the cost per prisoner drops almost a third. | Lazain'i Esa Vesterbacka, talen'ny Masoivohon'ny Famaizana Heloka Bevava ao amin'ny firenena, fa amin'ny fanafoanana ny filàna mpiambina sy rafi-piarovana fanampiny - ary amin'ny fampiantranoana olona anaty efitrano natao mihitsy ho fatoriana - midina efa ho iray ampahatelony ny vola lany amin'ny mpifonja tsirairay. |
40 | It isn't the main reason for having these kinds of prisons, Vesterbacka says, “but, of course, if you can make something cheaper that's good nowadays.” | Tsy izay no tena antony amin'ny fanànana ireny karazana fonja ireny, hoy i Vesterbacka, “fa , mazava loatra, afaka manao zavatra moramora fa tsara kokoa ianao amin'izao androntsika izao.” |
41 | There's even an open prison at Helsinki's top tourist attraction, Suomenlinna Island. | Misy ‘fonja misokatra' iray mihitsy aza ao amin'ny toerana iray fisarihana mpizahatany ao Helsinki, ao amin'ny Nosy Suomenlinna. |
42 | The island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and it swarms with tourists in the summer. | Harem-bakoka Erantany ao anaty lisitry ny UNESCO io nosy io, ary feno mpizahatany mifanaretsaka ao rehefa lohataona. |
43 | Yet the only thing that separates the prison grounds from a block of residential apartments and museums is a yellow picket fence. | Kanefa dia zavatra iray momnja no manasaraka ny tokotanin'ny fonja amin'ireo toerana fonenana sy tranombakoka, dia ny fefy hazo miloko mavo. |
44 | Inmates at the Suomenlinna open prison live in blue dormitory-style housing. | Anatin'ireo trano fatoriana miloko manga no miaina ireo mpifonja ao amin'ny ‘fonja misokatra' ao Suomenlinna. |
45 | A picket fence is all that separates the prison grounds from the rest of the island, a popular tourist destination. | Fefy hazo miloko mavo no hany manasaraka ny tokotanin'ny fonja amin'ny sisa rehetra, toerana iray malaza falehan'ireo mpizahatany. |
46 | Credit: Courtesy of Criminal Sanctions Agency, Finland | Sary: natolotry ny Masoivohon'ny Famaizana Heloka Bevava, Finland |
47 | “You really don't realize that you are walking in the middle of an open prison,” Lappi-Seppälä says. | “Tena tsy azonao an-tsaina mihitsy hoe mamakivaky fonja misokatra iray ianao,” hoy i Lappi-Seppälä. |
48 | “Nobody thinks of it. | “Tsy misy olona mieritreritra an'izany. |
49 | But I don't think even the American tourists find it scary.” | Nefa dia tsy heveriko akory hahita izany ho mampahatahotra na dia ireo Amerikana mpizahatany aza.” |
50 | Locals seem to agree. | Toy ny manaiky izany ireo olona eny an-toerana. |
51 | When I talk to residents near the Kerava and Suomenlinna open prisons, most seem confused when I ask if they're concerned about sharing the town with convicts. | Rehefa niresaka tamin'ireo olona mipetraka manakaiky ny fonja misokatra ao Kerava sy Suomenlinna aho, maro no toa sadaikatra rehefa nanontaniako raha mampiahiahy azy ireo ny mifampizara tanàna amin'ireo olona voaheloka. |
52 | Some tell me that the prisoners improve the community by restoring historic sites or cleaning up public spaces. | Ny sasany miteny fa manampy ny tanàna amin'ny fanarenana ireo toerana manan-tantàra ny voafonja na amin'ny fanadiovana ireo toerana natao ho an'ny daholobe. |
53 | It's tempting to wonder how this system might work in other countries - notably the US, which incarcerates more people than any other country in the world. | Maha-te hanontany tena hoe ahoana no fomba hampanjary ity rafitra ity any amin'ny firenena hafa - indrindra ao Etazonia, izay mampiditra olona maro ho any am-ponja raha miohatra amin'ny firenena rehetra manerana izao tontolo izao. |
54 | Heather Thompson, a professor of history at Temple University who studies mass incarceration and prison populations, says it's hard to know because the US isn't having that discussion. | Heather Thompson, mpampianatra tantara ao amin'ny Anjerimanontolon'ny Temple izay mandalina momba ny fampidirana amponja faobe sy ny mponina any am-ponja, dia miteny fa sarotra ny hahalalana izany satria tsy mbola niresaka toy izany ny ao Etazonia. |
55 | “We're just now getting to the point of recognizing that we're incarcerating far too many people. | “Vao tonga fotsiny eo amin'ny teboka anekenay izao izahay fa hoe izahay no mampiditra olona betsaka indrindra ho any am-ponja. |
56 | We have yet to have a conversation about the actual conditions of confinement, what it is that people actually experience in prison so they can be whole human beings when they return.” | Mbola mila miresaka momba ny tena fomba fihazonana am-ponja misy ankehitriny izahay, inona no tena iainan'ireo olona any am-ponja mba ho tena olombelona feno tanteraka tokoa izy ireny rehefa miverina avy any.” |
57 | When I spoke with Hannu Kallio at Kerava open prison, he was about to move out to spend the last months of his sentence at home, working at a recycling center and living with his wife, daughters and Jack Russell terrier. | Rehefa niresaka tamin'i Hannu Kallio tao amin'ny fonja misokatra ao Kerava aho, efa teo am-piaingàna hamarana ny volana farany amin'ny saziny any an-trano izy, miasa ao amin'ny toeram-panodinana iray ary miaina miaraka amin'ny vadiny, ireo zanany vavy sy Jack Russell alika keliny. |
58 | A fellow inmate, Juha, who doesn't want to give his last name, is expecting his first child. | Mpiara-mifonja iray, Juha, izay tsy nety nanome ny anarany feno, no eo am-piandrasana ny fahaterahan'ny zanany voalohany. |
59 | He's serving a life sentence, but most such sentences in Finland are commuted to 10 or 15 years. | Manefa sazy mandrampahafaty izy, saingy mazàna ny sazy tahaka izany no tafididina hatramin'ny 10 na 15 taona. |
60 | ““It's a pretty big deal,” Juha says, “but I don't know when I'm going to get out. | ““Raharaha iray goavana io,” hoy i Juha , “saingy tsy fantatro hoe rahoviana aho no ho tafavoaka. |
61 | Basically, his mother is going to raise him.” | Raha ny fandehan-javatra, dia ny reniny no hitaiza hanabe azy.” |
62 | Juha's not sure when he'll be able to go home to his new family, but he knows that he eventually will. | Tsy azon'i Juha antoka hoe rahoviana izy no ho tafaverina an-trano ho ao anatin'ny ankohonany vaovao, saingy fantany fa tsy maintsy hisy izany. |
63 | And for someone who started out in maximum-security prison with a life sentence, that says a lot. | Ary ho an'olona iray izay nanomboka ny saziny tany aminà fonja faran'izay tsara aro indrindra, miaraka aminà fanamelohana mandram-pahafaty, dia milaza zavatra betsaka izany. |