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1 | Postcard from San Salvador: The Subtle Tyranny of Gangs | Karatra Fandefa Paositra Avy Any San Salvador: Ny Jadona Saro-takarina Ataon'ny Andian-jiolahy |
2 | Graffiti with the initials of Mara Salvatrucha gang. | Soratsoratra ahitàna ny fanafohezana ny anaran'ny andian-jiolahy Mara Salvatrucha. |
3 | Photo taken from the Flickr account of Walking The Tracks under Creative Commons license. | Sary nalaina tao amin'ny kaonty Flickr an'i Walking The Tracks, nampiasàna ny lisansa Creative Commons. |
4 | This story by Daniel Alarcón was originally published in Radio Ambulante and is reproduced here under our partnership agreement. | Navoaka voalohany tao amin'ny Radio Ambulante ity tantara nosoratan'i Daniel Alarcón ity ary naverina navoaka eto noho ny fifanekena fiarahana miasa eo aminay. |
5 | If you've read about the situation in El Salvador recently, you might have seen a headline like this one, which came out in the International Business Times. | Raha namaky momba ny toe-draharaha misy tato ho ato ao San Salvador ianao, mety nahita lohateny tahàka ity iray ity, izay nivoaka tao amin'ny International Business Times. |
6 | It said: “El Salvador to become deadliest peace-time country in the world.” | Hoy ilay izy : “Ho lasa firenena mandry fahalemana ahitàna faty olona be indrindra eto an-tany i El Salvador.” |
7 | That phrase is kind of strange, right? | Toa hafahafa ihany izany fehezanteny izany an, sa tsy izany? |
8 | Since last year, when the truce between the government and the gangs ended, the homicide rate has skyrocketed, growing over 50 percent. | Hatramin'ny taona lasa, rehefa tapitra ny fifanarahana fitsaharana teo amin'ny governemanta sy ireo andian-jiolahy, nisidina ambony ny tahan'ny vono olona, niakatra 50 isanjato. |
9 | In May of 2015, there were more than 600 homicides, in a country with a little over 6 million inhabitants; numbers they hadn't seen since the 1990s-more than double of what we see in Iraq today. | Ny May 2015, vono olona 600 no nisy, tao anatinà firenena iray izay zara raha misy mponina 6 tapitrisa mahery kely; tarehimarika tsy fahita hatramin'ny andian-taona 1990 - efa in-droa mahery amin'izay hitantsika any Iràka amin'izao fotoana izao. |
10 | Over 35 police officers have been arrested this year, and it looks like things are getting worse. | Maherin'ny 35 ireo manamboninahitry ny polisy nosamborina taminì'ity taona ity, ary toa vao mainka hita ho miharatsy aza ny fandehan-javatra. |
11 | Last Sunday, August 16, was the most violent day of 2015, with more than 40 homicides. | Ny Alahady 16 Aogositra no andro tena faran'izay nahery setra ho an'ny taona 2015, nisy vono olona 45 mahery. |
12 | So the question is this: if what's going on in El Salvador is not a war, then what is it exactly? | Ka izao no fanontaniana: Raha tsy ady no misy ao El Salvador amin'izao, dia inona marina ary izy ity e? |
13 | Everyone has been touched, directly or indirectly, by this chaos and violence. | Voakasika daholo ny tsirairay, mivantana na ankolaka, amin'io saritaka sy herisetra io. |
14 | And Salvadorans of all social classes have learned to deal with that constant feeling of insecurity. | Ary naka lesona hiatrehana ny fahatsapàna tsy fisiana fandriampahalemana misy isanandro ireo Salvadoriana avy amin'ny sarangam-piarahamonina rehetra. |
15 | Many of the people I talked to told me that it doesn't matter what foreign newspapers publish. | Maro tamin'ireo olona niresahako no niteny fa tsy olana izay lazain'ny gazety vahiny any. |
16 | “Here,” they said, “here we're at war. | “Eto,” hoy izy ireo, “anaty ady izahay eto. |
17 | And it's going to last.” | Ary hitohy haharitra izy ity.” |
18 | So what is this war about? | Ka ady momba ny inona ary ilay izy? |
19 | Like in other armed conflicts, there are deaths from both sides. | Toy ny amin'ireo fifandirana hafa mitam-piadina dia misy ny maty avy amin'ny andaniny sy ny ankilany. |
20 | In this case, the maras-or gangs-and the police. | Ao anatin'ity raharaha ity, ny maras-na andian-jiolahy-sy ny polisy. |
21 | And like in other armed conflicts, the ones who often suffer the most are civilians-people who have nothing to do with the conflict. | Ary toy ny amin'ireo fifandirana hafa mitam-piadiana, ny sivily no mazàna tena mibaby ny hirifiry-ireo olona izay tsy misy idirany velively amin'ilay fifandirana. |
22 | That's because excessive violence in El Salvador affects all aspects of daily life. | Izany dia satria mahadòna ny endrika rehetra amin'ny fiainana andavanandro ny herisetra tafahoatra ao El Salvador. |
23 | And not always in the way you expect it. | Ary tsy araka izay nieritreretanao azy mandrakariva akory. |
24 | This is Iris. | Ity i Iris. |
25 | For safety reasons, we have decided not to use her last name. | Noho ny antony fiarovana no nanapahanay hevitra fa ny fanampin'anarany ihany no nampiasainay. |
26 | Iris, like many Salvadorans, lives trying to avoid problems. | Iris, toy ireo Salvadoriana maro, dia miaina amin'ny fiezahana misoroka olana. |
27 | And in general she's succeeded. | Ary amin'ny ankapobeny dia vitany izany. |
28 | She has a good job, and she is doing well in her career. | Manana asa tsara izy, ary tafita tsara amin'ny asany. |
29 | The gang members don't pay too much attention to her. | Tsy dia miraharaha azy loatra ireo mpikambana ao amin'ilay andian-jiolahy. |
30 | She dresses well, and takes care of her appearance. | Mitafy tsara izy, ary mikolokolo tsara ny endrika ivelany. |
31 | And since she was younger, there's been something that she really likes to do: color her hair. | Ary hatramin'ny hatanoràny, nisy zavatra izay tena tiany tokoa ny manao azy: ny mandoko ny volony. |
32 | It's part of her look-part of her identity. | Tafiditra ao amin'ny fomba fitafiny io-ampahany amin'ny maha-izy azy. |
33 | And this story is about that. | Ary momba izany ity tantara ity. |
34 | Because violence, the insecurity brought on by the maras, is not just about what you read in the headlines. | Satria ny herisetra, ny tsy fandriampahalemana ateraky ny maras dia tsy izay vakianao fotsiny eny anaty lohateny lehiben'ny gazety. |
35 | A shooting here, a mugging there. | Fitifirana etsy, sinto-mahery eroa. |
36 | No. It's also about the details. | Tsia, misy koa ny antsipirihany. |
37 | Moments where evil shows up in front of you. | Fotoana izay isehoan'ny helo eo anoloanao. |
38 | Next to you. | Tena eo akaikinao. |
39 | Moments like this one. | Fotoana toy ity iray ity. |
40 | Iris: I was riding a Coaster, a bus, and a girl sat next to me… The girl was a little heavier than I was. | Iris: Nandeha Coaster aho, fiara fitateram-bahoaka, ankizivavy iray no nipetraka teo anilako… Somary mavesabesatra noho izaho izy. |
41 | She had her eyebrows very thin, and her hair damaged, dyed. | Tena manify ny volomasony, ary simba ny volony, miloko. |
42 | Daniel Alarcón: Blond. | Daniel Alarcón: Blonde. |
43 | Her lips outlined in red. | Vita ankosotra mena ny molony. |
44 | … Leopard-skin tights. | … bà manify toa lokonà Leoparda. |
45 | According to Iris, this type of clothing, in El Salvador, is a code. | Araka ny filazan'i Iris, marika ifamantarana io karazana fitafy io ao El Salvador. |
46 | Iris: And because of the way she started talking I knew she wasn't a normal girl, that maybe she was a gang member's girlfriend. | Iris: Ary noho ny fomba nentiny nanomboka ny resaka dia fantatro fa tsy ankizy toy ny rehetra izy, fa angamba sipan'ny mpikambana aminà andian-jiolahy. |
47 | And here's another detail to consider: buses in El Salvador are dangerous, because gangs have infiltrated transportation. | Ary ity misy antsipirihany hafa mila jerena: mampidi-doza ireo fiara fitateram-bahoaka ao El Salvador, satria efa nitsofohan'ny andian-jiolahy hatramin'ny resaka fitaterana. |
48 | Passengers run the risk of being mugged, robbed. | Miatrika tebiteby sao hiharan'ny sinto-mahery na ho voaendaka ireo mpandeha. |
49 | Sometimes the gangs demand money from transportation companies. | Indraindray, mitaky vola amin'ireo orinasa manao fitaterana ireo andian-jiolahy. |
50 | And if they don't pay, the maras can kill the drivers. | Ary raha tsy manome izy ireny, vitan'ny maras ny mamono ny mpamily. |
51 | In other cases, the drivers are accomplices of the gang members. | Amin'ny tranga hafa, mpiray tsikombakomba amin'ireo andian-jiolahy ny mpamily. |
52 | It's a very complicated situation. | Toe-draharaha tena sarotra io. |
53 | Iris: She showed me a scar she had on her stomach. | Iris: Nasehony ahy ny holatra teo amin'ny kibony. |
54 | And she said, ‘‘Look, these are war wounds. | Ary hoy izy ‘‘Jereo, ratra an'ady itony. |
55 | This shows people on the streets the courage we have,” she said. | Mampiseho amin'ny olona eny an'arabe ny fahasahiana anananay io,” hoy izy. |
56 | “Hey, change your hair. | “Hey, ovay ny volonao. |
57 | Because if I see you again, or if any of the drivers see you again, we'll know it's you. | Satria raha mahita anao indray aho amin'ny manaraka, na izay mpamily mahita anao, dia ho fantatray fa ianao io. |
58 | We all know each other here. | Mifankahalàla daholo izahay rehetra eto. |
59 | And since you don't want to tell me where you're from, just be careful. | Ary satria tsy-te-hilaza amiko ny fiavianao ianao, dia mitandrema tsara fotsiny. |
60 | And change your hair.'' | Dia ovay ny volonao.'' |
61 | I froze. | Tsy nahetsika aho. |
62 | It was was like…Oh, God, what do I? | Toy ny hoe….. Andriamanitra o! inona no ho atao? |
63 | At that time, there were rumors that if you went around with red hair you were this gang; if you were blonde, it was another. | Tamin'izay fotoana izay, nisy ny tsaho niely hoe rehefa mandehandeha miaraka amin'ny volo miloko mena ianao dia tao anatin'io andian-jiolahy io; raha blonde ny anao, dia andian-jiolahy hafa. |
64 | This was something Iris had not considered when she decided to dye her hair… A small act of self-expression, snuffed out by gangs. | Zavatra iray tsy nampidirin'i Iris tao anatin'ny kajikajiny io raha nanapaka hevitra handoko ny volony izy… Fihetsika kely ho fanehoany ny aminy, nosemporin'ireo andian-jiolahy. |
65 | And of course, when you compare this with what you read in newspapers, it seems like it's not that important. | Ary mazava loatra, rehefa ampitahainao amin'izay novakianao tany anaty gazety ity, dia toy ny tsy dia manan-danja mankaiza loatra. |
66 | But it is. | Nefa dia manan-danja. |
67 | When gangs impose themselves on aspects of daily life that are so incidental, it's a way of telling the people: “Hey, we're in charge here. | Rehefa teren'ireo andian-jiolahy ho hita taratra amin'ny endriky ny fianana andavanandro ny fisian-dry zareo, dia toy ny fomba iray izany hilazàna amin'ny olona hoe: “Hey, izahay no mpifehy eto. |
68 | Not you. | Fa tsy ianareo. |
69 | Not the government. | Tsy ny governemanta. |
70 | Not the police. | Tsy ny polisy. |
71 | We are.” | Fa izahay.” |
72 | You can listen the complete episode here: | Azonao henoina ato ny ampahany feno tamin'ny resaka: |