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1 | Brazil: On the verge of a civil war over indigenous land | Brezila: Mananontanona ny ady an-trano noho ny tanin'ny Indizeny |
2 | While the world celebrates the rights of indigenous people this Indigenous People's Day, dispute over land in Brazil is bringing the country to the verge of a civil war. | Raha mankalaza ny zon'ny vahoaka indizeny izao tontolo izao mandritra ity andron'ny vahoaka indizeny ity dia ambavahoanan'ny ady antrano noho ny resaka ady tany kosa ny ao Brezila. |
3 | An historic land dispute between rice farmers and indigenous tribes in Roraima, a northeastern state that borders Guyana and Venezuela, has turned sour since April and violence has broken out, raising fears that the frequent confrontations will eventually escalate into a national domestic conflict. | Adintany nitoetra hatry ny ela teo amin'ny mpamboly vary sy ny foko indizeny any Roraima, fanjakana any avaratra atsinanana manamorona an'i Guyana sy Venezuela, nivadika ho gidragidra, niteraka horohoro sy fifanafihana matetika izay mety hivadika ho ady manerana ny firenena mihitsy aza. |
4 | A video released by the Indigenous Council of Roraima (CIR) and NGO Survival International shows the moment at which gunmen, according to the tribe people hired by a local farmer and politician, Paulo César Quartiero, attacked a Makuxi indigenous village. | Lahatsary iray avy amin'ny Filankevitra Indizenin'i Roraima (CIR) sy ny ONG Survival International no mampiseho antsika olona mitondra basy nokaramain'ny mpamboly vaventy ao an-toerana sady mpanao politika Paulo César Quartiero hanafika ny tanàna Indizeny Makuxi iray. |
5 | Warning: This video contains images of violence and injuries which may be found disturbing. | Fampitandremana: Ity lahatsary ity dia miaty herisetra sy ratra izay mety hanohintohina ny mpijery. (jereo ny lahatsoratra nadika) |
6 | An estimated 18,000 indigenous peoples from the Ingarico, Macuxi, Patamona, Taurpeng and Wapixana tribes live in the area known as Serra Raposa do Sol. | Heverina ho 18 000 eo ho eo ny isan'ny vahoaka indizeny avy amin'ny foko Ingarico, Macuxi, Patamona, Taurpeng ary Wapixana izay monina amin'ny faritra antsoina hoe Serra Raposa do Sol. |
7 | The conflicts there intensified in 2005, when the government officially ratified the Raposa do Sol's current borders in the 4.2-million-acre reservation. | Nampitombo ny disadisa tamin'ny taona 2005 ny nanasoniavan'ny fitondrana ny hanekena ny faritry ny Raposa Do Sol ankehitriny izay mahatratra 4 200 000 acre (1 acre = 4047 metatra toradroa) ho valanjavaboary. |
8 | The decree also ensured that the Armed Forces and the Federal Police should defend the territory. | Nanamarika ihany koa ny didy hitsivolana fa anjaran'ny Tafika sy ny polisy federaly no miandraikitra ny fiarovana io faritra io. |
9 | Since then, most ranchers and rice farmers have left the area, upon receipt of compensation from the government. | Nanomboka tamin'io fotoana io dia nandao ny faritra ny ankamaroan'ny mpiompy sy ny mpamboly vary rehefa nahazo onitra avy amin'ny goverinemanta. |
10 | However, the demarcation process is being questioned by the Roraima State government which demands that it be reduced in size, claiming that 46 percent of the Roraima's territory is already in Indian hands, and a further extension to the indigenous reservation is an obstacle to the economic development of the state. | Na izany aza dia te-hiady hevitra ny mitaky ny hampihenana io velarantany io ny goverinemantan'ny firenen'i Roraima (Brezila) izay milaza fa efa eo ampelatanan'ny Indiana ny 46 isanjaton'ny velaratanin'i Roraima, ka ny fanitarana io valanjavaboarin'ny Indizeny io dia ho vato misakana ny fampandrosoana ny firenena. |
11 | | Efa ampolony taona no niainan'ny voanjo tamin'ny tany sy namboleny azy, hatramin'ny namenoan'ny andian'ny voanjo voalohany ny tanin'ny indizeny mbola tsy voasoratry ny Indizeny tany amin'ny fanjakana ny taniny. |
12 | Settlers have lived and cultivated the land for decades, since the first generation invaded the then non regularized Indigenous land. Despite the ratification, a small group of them refuse to leave and argue that they occupy just 1% or less of the land. | Koa na nisy aza ny fanaovan-tsonia taty aoriana dia mbola misy ny vondrona kely tsy manaiky hiala amin'ny tany ary mametraka fa 1% na latsaka aza amin'ny tany (voafaritra ho valanjavaboary na tany arovana tsy hokasikasihina no marina kokoa) no ampiasainy. |
13 | Attempts to remove them were halted in April 2008, when violence broke out. | Niato ny fikasana hanalana azy ireo rehefa vaky ny herisetra tamin'ny Avirily 2008. |
14 | An August of grief | Volana aogositry ny alahelo |
15 | The government favors the indigenous peoples, but since the conflict began its indigenous policy has been widely criticized by many sectors of the population, including some military leaders. | Efa manome tombondahiny ny vahoaka indizeny ny goverinemanta, saingy hatramin'ny nanombohan'ny gidragidra dia voatsikeran'ny vondron'olona maro, hatramin'ny mpitari-tafika izany politika izany. |
16 | The decision is now in the hands of Brazil's Supreme Court, which is expected to decide this month whether the government should carry on the eviction of rice farmers or undo the demarcation of Raposa Serra do Sol's Indigenous land. | Eo ampelatanan'ny Fitsarana Tampony Breziliana ankehitriny ny raharaha, izay heverina hamoaka ny didy amin'ity volana ity raha ho esorina amin'ny toerana misy azy ihany ny mpamboly vary na atsahatra ny fampiharana ny mahatanin'ny Indizeny ny Raposa Serra do Sol. |
17 | There is some concern that if the Supreme Court decides on behalf of the rice farmers, it will set a precedent and other already demarcated and ratified indigenous lands may be equally questioned. | Ahiana manko fa raha manome rariny ny mpamboly vary ny Fitsarana Tampony dia ho fanombohan-javatra hiteraka famerenana ady any amin'ny fitsarana ihany koa ny tany efa nekena fa tanin'ny indizeny hafa. |
18 | Brazilian bloggers have divided opinions on the matter. | Misara-kevitra ny mpamaham-bolongana Breziliana manoloana ity raharaha ity. bloggers have divided opinions on the matter. |
19 | Former president of Brazil's National Indian Foundation (FUNAI), Mércio Pereira Gomes [pt] has been promoting an online poll to ask which outcome people expect Brazil's Supreme Court will come up with. | Nanao fitsapa-kevitra an-tserasera amin'izay antenaina hodidian'ny Fitsarana Tampony ny Filohan'ny Fifanampiana Indiana nasionaly teo aloha (FUNAI), Mércio Pereira Gomes [pt]. |
20 | As of now, 253 people have voted, with 34% of them thinking that the court will keep President Lula's 2005 ratification of the land, while 39% believe a new demarcation will be ruled: Everyone is super anxious about what will come out of the STF [Brazil's Supreme Court]. | Amin'izao fotoana izao moa dia 253 no efa nifidy ka ny 34% mieritreritra fa hotazonin'ny fitsarana ny faneken'ny filoha Lula tamin'ny taona 2005 momba ny tany, raha 39% kosa no mino fa haverina ny famaritana (ho kelikely kokoa) indray ny tany: |
21 | You only need to check the scores of the survey on this topic to the side [of this blog]. | Efa tena mitaintaina tokoa ny rehetra amin'izay havoakan'ny STF [Fitsarana Tampony Breziliana]. |
22 | It is nearly half and half between those who believe that the STF will maintain [the borders] and those who believe that it will rule for a re-demarcation of Raposa Serra do Sol's land. | Jereo fotsiny ny vokatry ny fanadihadiana etsy ankilan'[ny bolongana]. Mifanasaka mihitsy ireo mino ny fitazonana ny velarantany ankehitriny sy ny mihevitra fa hisy fanitsiana io famaritana ny tanin'ny Raposa Serra do Sol. |
23 | Today there is a debate at the Ministry of Justice with some anthropologists, the lawyer Dalmo Dallari, and even the Governor of the state of Roraima on Raposa Serra do Sol to try to influence the Minister Ayres Britto, whose decision and vote, according to him, have already been made. | Ankehitriny dia misy adihevitra miaraka amin'ny mpahalala momba ny olona, ny mpitsara Dalmo Dallari eny fa na dia ny Goverinoran'i Roraima momba ny Raposa Serra do Sol ao amin'ny Minisiteran'ny Fitsarana handresy lahatra ny Minisitra izay, efa manana ny safidiny, araka ny fijeriny. |
24 | Aldenor Jr [pt] seems also to know the decision beforehand and fears there will be even more violence: | Tahaka ny efa mahalala mialoha ny didy hivoaka i Aldenor Jr [pt] ary manahy fa mbola hihamafy ny herisetra: |
25 | While the ministers don't come up with a final position, illegal occupants of public land, encouraged by a handful of large rice farmers, are getting ready for a war. | Raha mbola tsy manana fanapahakevitra matotra farany ny minisitra dia efa miomana ho amin'ny ady kosa ny mpibodo tanimpanjakana ampirisihan'ny mpamboly vary vitsivitsy. |
26 | There are claims that in recent weeks arms, ammunition and an even larger contingent of gunmen have entered the region and have taken offensive positions near the Macuxi village. | Efa re siosio fa nandritra ny herinandro vitsivitsy izay dia maro ny fitaovam-piadiana, basy, eny fa na dia mpikarama an'ady aza niditra tany amin'ny faritra ary maka toerana manodidina ny tanàna manakaiky ny Macuxi. |
27 | At any time, with no notice, the violence could explode beyond control. | Mety hipoaka hatrany ary tsy ho voafehy noho izany ny ady. |
28 | The intense lobbying in favour of smashing indigenous' territory held by politicians identified with greedy and obscure interests has not stopped during the [court] recess, creating sober expectations about the outcome of the controversy in the House. | Tsy nijanona mihitsy ny fanerena ankolaka ataon'ny mpanao politika fantatra amin'ny fitadiavan-tombotsoa mihoa-pampana mandritra ny fotoam-pisintonan'ny fitsarana mitady ny handravana ny maha an'ny indizeny ny tany, ka miteraka fanantenana matanjaka (tsy mikivilavila) amin'izay hivoaka avy ao amin'ny Lapa(n'ny Fitsarana). |
29 | Will there be time to reverse this trend? | Hisy ve ny fotoana hampivadika izany fironana izany? |
30 | On the other hand, José Correa Leite [pt] believes that only one result is possible. | Amin'ny lafiny iray dia mino i José Correa Leite [pt] fa didy iray ihany no azo heverina hivoaka (possible). |
31 | If the decision is different it would reveal what type of interests Brazil is heading towards: | Raha hafa io didy io dia hita manomboka eo hoe mankaiza ny fironan'i Brezila: |
32 | The population of Roraima is no more than 400,000 inhabitants. | Tsy mihoatra ny 400 000 ny isan'ny mponina ao Roraima. |
33 | For about 350 thousand non-Indians there are almost 11 million hectares of land available, according to a study by the Socio-Environmental Institute. | Ho an'ny mponina tsy Indiana eo ho eo amin'ny 350 000 eo dia tany manakaiky ny 11 000 000ha vonona ho azy, araka ny fanadihadian'ny ivotoerana Misahana ny fiarahamonina sy ny tontolo iainana. |
34 | Compare this to Pernambuco which has 9.8 million hectares for around 8 million inhabitants. | Ampitahao amin'i Pernambuco izay manana tany 9 800 000ha ho an'ny mponina manodidina ny 8 000 000 izany. |
35 | The defense of our borders in the Amazon has always received a great contribution from indigenous communities. | Nahazo fandraisana anjara mavitrika avy amin'ny fokonolona Indizeny hatrany ny fiarovana ny sisintanintsika manamorona an'i Amazona. |
36 | For example, the incorporation of their youngsters into the Army for activities in areas where no one wants, or knows how, to go. | Ohatra, nampidirina ho ao amin'ny tafika ny tanorany hanao ny asa tsy tian'ny hafa na tsy zakan'ny hafa. |
37 | Thus, there is no concrete reason, of a social or security nature, for the indigenous land of Raposa Serra do Sol to be deposed. | Noho izany, tsy misy antony mitombina, na fiarovana sosialy na antony hafa, anesorana ny indizeny amin'ny tanin'ny Raposa Serra do Sol. |
38 | The decision of the Supreme [Court], whatever it be, will say something important about the commitment of the state to the defense of one of the main roots of our cultural identity, and on its duty to protect it, even if contrary to interests or if it meets with momentary misunderstanding. Charge by Latuff | Manamarika ny fanantanterahana ny teny ifanomezana nataon'ny fanjakana mandrakariva, eo amin'ny fiarovana ny fototry ny kolontsaintsika sy nyadidiny ho amin'ny fiarovana izany, ny Didy avoakan'ny Fitsarana Tampony na ho inona izany na ho inona, eny fa na dia mety hifanohitra amin'ny tombotsoa maro izany ary mety hiteraka tsy fifankahazoankevitra vetivety aza izany. |
39 | The other side | Ny andaniny kosa |
40 | In a series of four long posts, Adelson Elias Vasconcellos [pt] explains why he believes that the government needs to review the criteria that led to approval in 2005 of the demarcation of the Raposa do Sol Reservation “with extreme urgency”: | Amin'ny andian-dahatsoratra lava no hanavazavan'i Adelson Elias Vasconcellos [pt] ny antony tokony amerenan'ny goverinemanta indray (na ijerena indray) “araka izayhaingana indrindra” ny fepetra nahatonga ny fanekena tamin'ny 2005 amin'ny famaritana ny tany voaron'ny Raposa do Sol: |
41 | And much of this damage is due to the fact that in 2005 Lula signed Brazil up to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples which, if the protocol is approved by Congress, will be incorporated into the Brazilian Constitution, and from this moment, any indigenous tribe, nation or ethnic group may declare themselves independent of Brazil. | Ny tena nandrava zavatra dia ny nanasoniavan'i Lula tamin'ny 2005 ny Fanambarana ny zon'ny vahoaka indizeny izay, raha eken'ny Kongiresy ity Fifanarahana ity, hampidirina amin'ny lalampanorenanan Breziliana, ka manomboka amin'io fotoana io dia mety hanambara ny fahaleovantenany amin'i Brezila avokoa ny foko na vondrona Indizeny rehetra. |
42 | In actual numbers it would be today 216 new countries that would result in the loss of more than 13% of our geographical area, where 90% of this land is in the Amazon. | Raha jerena ny isa ankehitriny dia mety hiteraka firenena 216 vaovao sy fahaverezan'ny velaratanintsika mahatratra 13% izany, ary ny 90%n'izany tany izany dia any Amazonia avokoa. |
43 | Can you understand the strong interest abroad in the issue of approval of indigenous land? | Takatrao ve ny mahaliana fatratra ny vahiny ny hanekena ny tany ho an'ny Indizeny? |
44 | Fernando Rizzolo [pt] has a similar opinion: | Mitovy hevitra amin'izany ihany koa i Fernando Rizzolo [pt]: |
45 | Only those who do not know geography, who are malicious, or extreme laypersons can sleep in peace while leaving our borders open in a dangerous region, and we do not need to say why. | Ny tsy mahalala jeogirafia, ny fetsifetsy na olona tsy mahalala na inona na inona ihany no mandry ampiadanana mamela ny sisintanintsika hisokatra amina faritra mampididoza, ary tsy mila lazaina akory hoe nahoana izany. |
46 | Bob Back [pt] also believes that something beyond indigenous rights is at stake: | Bob Back [pt] koa mino fa mbola misy ambadika mihoatra noho ny zon'ny indizeny ity raharaha ity: |
47 | The region has become the target of foreign interests, mining and even governments, which has nurtured the hope of getting a fresh little piece of Brazil. | Efa lasa kendrikendren'ny tombotsoa vahiny, mpihady tany eny fa na dia ny goverinemanta aza ny faritra manantena fa sao dia mahazo sombitany amin'i Brezila. |
48 | There are NGOs working there with unkown interests. | Misy aza ONG miasa tsy fantatra hoe ho amin'ny tombotsoan'iza. |
49 | Putting the map of Brazil upside down, it looks like a huge piece of ham, of which the international community seeks to take a bit, feeding to our Indians the hope of soon becoming an independent nation from Brazil. | Raha avadika ny sarintanin'i Brezila dia tahaka ny mahita fen'henankisoa goavana izay tsiriritin'ny fiarahamonina iraisam-pirenena hakana kely ihany koa amin'ny fampanantenana ny Indiana fa hahaleo tena amin'i Brezila ry zareo. |
50 | Because of this, it should be said that sovereignty can only happen where there is authority. | Noho io antony io, dia tokony holazaina fa any amin'ny toerana misy fahefana ihany no misy fiandrianam-pirenena. |
51 | The reserve Raposa do Sol has become a noman's land in true western film fashion. | Efa lasa tany efitra tsy misy olona amin'ny lahatsary western ireny ny tany arovana Raposa do Sol. |
52 | Until the sheriff pops in to put the house in order and say what he came for… | Mandrapipoitran'ny sheriff hanadio ny trano sy hiteny izay antony hahatongavany… |
53 | Debate and mobilizations | Adihevitra sy fanetsiketsehana |
54 | Altino Machado [pt], together with the Makunaima Grita collective, is one among many bloggers promoting an online petition in support of the indigenous peoples of the Raposa Serra do Sol, which has been signed by over 2,000 people so far, and should be sent to Brazil's Supreme Court before Wednesday August 27, the date on which the fate of the land is set to be decided: | Altino Machado [pt], miaraka amin'ny vondrona Makunaima Grita, no iray amin'ireo mpamaham-bolongana maro manentana ny fanangonantsonia an-tserasera ho fanohanana ny vahoaka indizeny ao Raposa Serra do Sol, izay efa voasonian'olona mihoatra ny 2000 ary tokony halefa any amin'ny Fitsarana Tampony Breziliana alohan'ny 27 Aogositra, daty anapahan-kevitra ny amin'ny tany: |
55 | We emphasize in the petition that the Constitution celebrates 20 years in October and the Supreme Federal Court's decision on the Raposa Serra do Sol case needs to honor it, rescuing the dignity of indigenous peoples, strengthening our pluralist democracy and Brazil's democratic state. | Ambaranay indray fa amin'ity fanangonan-tsonia ity fa feno 20 taona amin'ny volana Oktobra ny Lalampanorenana ary tokony hajaina ny Didy navoakan'ny Fitsarana Tampony federaly mikasika ny Raposa Serra do Sol, hanavotana ny hajan'ny vahoaka indizeny, ary hanamafisana ny demaokirasia manaja ny hevitra samihafa sy ny fanjakana demaokiratikan'i Brezila. |
56 | In a highly relevant article, Sakamoto [pt] reviews the way in which the issue has been portrayed in the media and comments on the heated debate which is now taking place: | Tamin'ny lahatsoratra mandresy lahatra iray no namintinan'i Sakamoto [pt] ny fandokondokoan'ny fampahalalambaovao sy ny mpilaza ny heviny ny adihevitra mafotaka amin'izao fotoana izao: |
57 | The debate is reaching levels of explicit ignorance. | Nampivandravandra ny tsi-fahalalana ankehitriny ny adihevitra. |
58 | I have heard journalists say that this is a “proscription” of an area the size of [the state of] Sergipe for an indigenous population of a few thousand, comparing the situation with that of the landless rural workers who hope for land reform. | Naheno mpanao gazety aho niteny “fandrarana” (ny fampiasana ny) tany mitovy velarana amin'ny firenen'i Sergipe ho ana mponina indizeny anarivony monja, miohatra amin'ireo tantsaha tsy manana tany iasana izay manantena fanajariana ny tany. |
59 | First, it is a big mistake to compare such different cultures and very unlike ones. | Voalohany aloha dia fahadisoana ny mampitaha kolontsaina tsy misy ifandraisany. |
60 | Indians hunt and to do so they need a large area, while we can choose our industrialized, preservative-filled products on the shelves of a supermarket. | Mpihaza ny Indiana ka mila velarana lehibe izy hanaovany izany, raha nisafidy ny vokatra voaodin'orinasa aranty eny amin'ny talantalan'ny tranombarotra lehibe kosa isika. |
61 | Not to mention their crop rotation and their mystical areas. | Tsy tenenina ny taom-pamboleny (ny taom-piotazany) sy ny toerana masiny. |
62 | And the indigenous reserves are not the obstacle to agrarian reform in Brazil. | Arytsy sakana ho amin'ny fampanjariana ny tany velively ny tany arovana ho an'ny indizeny eto Brezila. |
63 | We know that this problem has more to do with politics than with anthropology. | Fantatsika fa any amin'ny sehatry ny politika no itoeran'ny olana fa tsy any amin'ny mahaolona velively. |
64 | Sakamoto [pt] finishes off his piece with a dose of irony, by saying that in Brazil “Indians have been traded by cattle with the support and connivance of civil society”: | Sakamoto [pt] indray mamarana azy amin'ny esoeso kely, tamin'ny filazany fa tany Brezila dia “Natakalo biby fiompy mandrakariva ny Indiana noho ny fanohanana sy firaisana tsikombakomban'ny fiarahamonim-pirenena”: |
65 | Indians have often been killed. | Maty misy mamono matetika ny Indiana. |
66 | Just as trees are turned into boards. | Tahaka ny niovan'ny hazo ho hazo fisaka. |
67 | And nobody needs to know for sure who does this because, actually, we are not really interested. | Ary tsy misy te-hahalala izany satria tsy mahaliana antsika izany ny tena marina. |
68 | Let life go on as it has always been: us with our untouched reservations with no people, foreigners with their solid wood tables, meat in abundance and cheap soyabeans, landowners with large grasslands, politicians on holiday in Angra and employees with their ephemeral jobs. | Avelao hitohy tahaka ny mahazatra ny fiainana e: isika miaraka amin'ny tany arovana tsy misy olona, ny vahiny amin'ny latabany mafonja, feno hena sy saozaha moravidy, ny tompontany miaraka amin'ny tany midadasikany, ny mpanao politika mitsangatsangana any Angra ary ny mpiasa amin'ny asany tsizarizary. |
69 | Why would we be interested in the lives of a group of Indians, pushed from one side to another, penalized for having subverted the national order? | Nahoana isika no tokony ho liana amin'ny fiainan'ny vondrona Indiana, voatositosika etsy sy eroa, voasazy noho ny fikasana hanohintohina ny filaminan'ny firenena? |
70 | About 11 percent of Brazilian territory and nearly 22 percent of the Amazon is in Indian hands. | Eo ho eo amin'ny 11% amin'ny velarantanin'i Brezila sy manakaiky ny 22%n'i Amazonia no eo ampelatanan'ny Indiana. |
71 | The 1988 Brazilian Constitution declared that all Indian ancestral lands must be demarcated and turned over to tribes within five years. | Nanambara ny Lalampanorenana Breziliana tamin'ny 1988 fa ny tsy maintsy tafaverina amin'ny fokony ao anatin'ny dimy taona ny tanindrazan'ny Indiana. |