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1 | Cuba: More Money Means More Technology, With or Without State Reforms | Kiobà: Na Misy Na Tsia Fanavaozàm-panjakàna, Midika Teknolojia Bebe Kokoa Ny Vola Misimisy Kokoa |
2 | Correos de Cuba, Cuban postal service kiosk. | Correos de Cuba, kiôska an'ny paositra kiobàna. |
3 | Photo by Victor Manuel via Flickr (CC BY 2.0) | Sary an'i Victor Manuel tao amin'ny Flickr (CC BY 2.0) |
4 | Wednesday's bombshell announcements that the U.S. and Cuban governments have decided to re-establish diplomatic ties after 56 years of estrangement brought tears, joy, awe, and disbelief to Cubans across the globe. | Ilay fanambaràna toy ny vara-datsaka tamin'ny Alarobia hoe nanapa-kevitra ny governemanta Kiobàna sy Amerikana fa hamerina ny fifandraisana diplaomatika eo amin'ny roa tonta, taorian'ny 56 taona nitondra ranomaso, hafaliana, tahotra, ary tsy fitokisana tamin'ireo Kiobàna manerana ny tany. |
5 | (And some anger from Cuban-Americans, too.) | (Ary hatezerana ihany koa ho an'ireo Kiobàna sasany.) |
6 | While President Obama's speech was watchable in real time-televised and live streamed on the White House website-those outside of Cuba had to wait patiently for the text of Raul Castro's speech to be transcribed and uploaded to Cuban state media sites. | Raha toa ka azo narahana mivantana - nalefa tamin'ny fahitalavitra sy tao amin'ny tranonkalan'ny Trano Fotsy ny kabarin'ny Filoha Obama - tsy maintsy niandry tamim-paharetana kosa ireo tany ivelan'i Kiobà mba hahazo ny dikasoratry ny kabarin'i Raul Castro ka nampakarina tany amin'ireo tranonkalam-baovaom-panjakàna Kiobàna. |
7 | The brief address delivered by Cuba's commander-in-chief was not streamed live because Cuba's rickety Internet infrastructure cannot support it. | Ny teny fohy nataon'ny mpifehy ambony an'i Kiobà dia tsy nalefa mivantana satria tsy mahazaka izany ny fotodrafitrasa mangozohozon'ny aterineto ao Kiobà. |
8 | At least not yet. | Tsy mbola hatreto aloha farafaharatsiny.. |
9 | Among thousands of other questions flying around the Internet and the streets of Miami, Havana, and Washington today is the question of technology. | Tao anatin'ireo fanontaniana an'arivony niainga nanodidina ny aterineto sy ny arabe ao Miami, Havana, ary Washington androany ny fanontaniana momba ny teknolojia. |
10 | What will these changes mean for Internet access and mobile telephony in Cuba? | Inona no ho entin'ireny fiovàna ireny ho an'ny fahafahana miditra aterineto sy ny telefône finday ao Kiobà? |
11 | For now, little is certain. | Hatreto, kely ny finoana. |
12 | But there are a few things we can glean from what both leaders have said-and haven't said-so far. | Saingy misy zavatra vitsivitsy mba azontsika raisina avy amin'ny resak'ireo filoha roa ireo-sy ny tsy nolazainy-hatreto. |
13 | While Western advocates may rush to focus on how this will affect government policy and practice around the Internet, the impact of yesterday's economic reforms on the tech environment in Cuba may be the most critical change to watch at the moment. | Raha toa ireo Tandrefana mpiaro azy io mety hihazakazaka hifantoka amin'ny fomba hidonan'io any amin'ny politikan'ny governemanta sy ny fomba fanao manodidina ny resaka aterineto, ny fiantraikan'ny fanavaozana ara-toekarena omaly eo amin'ny tontolon'ny teknolojia ao Kiobà no mety ho fiovàna manan-danja indrindra ilaina jerena amin'izao fotoana izao. |
14 | With more money, more Cubans will be buy mobile phones and service. | Rehefa betsaka ny vola, maro ireo Kiobàna no ho afaka hividy finday sy hampiasa ny tolotra. |
15 | This does not mean that they will have Internet access - 3G is scarce at best on the island. | Tsy midika izany fa ho afaka hiditra amin'ny aterineto ry zareo - toy ny mitady volamena izany 3G izany ao amin'io nosy io. |
16 | But it will accelerate the changes that are already taking in place in Cuba due to peoples' increasing ability to connect with one another through mobile telephony. | Saingy noho ny fitomboan'ny fahafahan'ny olona mifandray amin'ny alàlan'ny finday dia hanafaingana ny fiovàna izay efa maka toerana ao Kiobà io . |
17 | More than ever, news and information that once traveled only by word of mouth will now circulate more quickly and in greater volume. | Ho betsaka noho ny taloha, hivezivezy betsaka sy amin'ny fomba malaky ireo vaovao sy ny tsara ho fantatra, izay fahiny dia ny toho-tsofina monja no nampitàna azy. |
18 | And Cubans' ability to communicate with friends and family abroad will likely increase too. | Ary azo inoana fa hitombo ihany koa ny fahafahan'ireo Kiobàna mifandray amin'ireo namana sy fianakaviana any ivelany. |
19 | We can also anticipate an influx of tech objects and hardware on the island - computers, mobile phones, hard drives, pen drives are all in high demand in Cuba and they are not easy to come across. | Efa azontsika aroso ihany koa ny hitobahan'ireo kojakoja sy fitaovana teknolojika ao amin'ilay nosy - tena be ny filàna solosaina, finday, “disques durs”, USB ao Kiobà ary tsy mora ny mahita/mahazo azy ireny. |
20 | Yesterday's changes will without question make it easier for Cubans to obtain tech objects that will in turn enable greater communication and information sharing among Cubans. | Tsy isalasalàna fa hanamora ny fahafahan'ny Kiobàna hahazo kojakoja teknolojika ka hahatonga ny fahafahana mifandray bebe kokoa sy fizaràna vaovao eo amin'ny samy Kiobàna ireo fiovàna omaly ireo. |
21 | And greater access to capital will also enable more Cubans to get online at hotel business centers and Internet cafes, where rates (ranging from USD $4.50 to $12.00 per hour) are out of reach for most of the population. | Ary ny fisokafan'ny fampiasàna renivola dia hanome fahafahana ny Kiobàna maro ihany koa hiditra aterineto avy any amin'ireo hotely fandraharahana amin'ny fandraisana vahiny sy ireo trano fisotroana kafe, izay tsy mbola ny olona rehetra no mahatakatra ny sandany (miainga amin'ny USD $4.50 ary tonga hatramin'ny $12.00 ny ora iray). |
22 | This will not only increase the number of Cubans who use the Internet first hand, but also the quantity and diversity of digital media in circulation on the island. | Tsy hoe hampitombo fotsiny ny isan'ireo Kiobàna sambany vao nampiasa aterineto io, fa koa ny habetsahana sy ny hamaroan'endriky ny vaovao dizitaly mivezivezy ao amin'ny nosy. |
23 | Videos, music, news, and literature regularly circulate second hand via pen drive, mobile phone apps and other lightweight mechanisms for data storage - a person with Internet access downloads a video, puts it on a pen drive, and circulates it hand-to-hand among friends who watch the video, copy it, and distribute it to more friends. | Mazàna ny lahatsary, mozika, vaovao, ary literatiora no miampita tànana amin'ny alàlan'ny USB, fampihàrana anaty finday ary fomba hafa maivamaivana afaka hitondrana angon-drakitra - misy olona iray manana fahafahana miditra aterineto mitroka lahatsary iray, dia mampiditra azy iny anaty USB, ary manolotra an-tànana manaparitaka azy amin'ireo nàmany izay mijery ilay lahatsary avy eo, sy mandika azy iny indray ary mitsinjara azy ho an'ny nàmana hafa. |
24 | The importance of these second-hand networks, what Cuban blogger Orlando Luis Pardo once termed Cuba's “Internet offline”, must not be overlooked. | Tsy tokony hohamaivanina ny lanjan'ireny tambajotran'ny tànana miampitampita ireny, izay antsoin'ilay Kiobana bilaogera, Orlando Luis Pardo, hoe “aterineto ivelan'ny aterineto” ao Kiobà. |
25 | It is hard to glean much from what the two leaders said about telecommunications policy. | Sarotra ny handray zavatra betsaka avy amin'izay nolazain'ireo filoha roa ireo mikasika ny politikan'ny fifandraisan-davitra. |
26 | After acknowledging that U.S. sanctions on the country have for years “denied Cubans access to technology that has empowered individuals around the globe,” Obama stated: | Taorian'ny nahafantarana hoe ny sazy Amerikàna nataony ho an'ny firenena nandritry ny taona marobe no “nanàkana ny tsy fidiran'ny Kiobàna tamin'ny teknolojia izay nanome hery ny tsirairay eran'izao tontolo izao,” dia nilaza i Obama hoe : |
27 | I've authorized increased telecommunications connections between the United States and Cuba. | Nomeko alàlana ny fampitomboana bebe kokoa ny fifandraisandavitra eo amin'i Etazonia sy Kiobà. |
28 | Businesses will be able to sell goods that enable Cubans to communicate with the United States and other countries. | Ho azon'ireo orinasa atao ny mivarotra entana hahafahan'ny Kiobàna mifandray amin'i Etazonia sy ireo firenena hafa. |
29 | This promising but vague assertion raises a lot of questions-what kinds of businesses is he talking about? | Miteraka fanontanaiana marobe ity filazàna mahabe fanantenana sangy somary manjavozavo ity - fandraharahana toy inona ilay resahany? |
30 | What kinds of goods? | Karazan'entana toy inona? |
31 | In recent years, telecommunications companies like Verizon and AT&T have pushed to loosen restrictions on their industries in an effort to enter negotiations with the Cuban government. | Tato anatin'ny taona vitsivitsy, ireo orinasa misahana fifandraisan-davitra, toy ny Verizon sy AT&T dia natosika mba hanalefaka ny faneriterena an'ireo indostrian-dry zareo ho ezaka iray hidirana amin'ny fifampiraharahana amin'ny governemanta Kiobàna. |
32 | And they have made progress since Obama came into office. | Ary dia nanao dingana ry zareo hatramin'ny nahatongavan'i Obama teo amin'ny toerany. |
33 | But this is only one of two hurdles. | Saingy iray monja amin'ireo sàkana roa io. |
34 | The second is the Cuban government, which like, every country, imposes requirements and restrictions on foreign businesses that wish to establish themselves on their soil. | Ny faharoa dia ny governemanta Kiobàna, izay toy ny firenena tsirairay, mametraka fepetra sy zavatra takiana amin'ireo vahiny mpandraharaha maniry ny hipetraka ao amin'ny taniny. |
35 | With a few exceptions, foreign companies can enter contracts with the Cuban government only if they are willing to transfer 51 percent ownership of their holdings on the island to the Cuban government itself. | Ankoatry ny zavatra vitsivitsy maningana, dia afaka mifandrfay amin'ny governemanta Kiobàna ny orinasa vahiny rehefa manaiky ny handrotsaka ny 51 isanjaton'ny fanànany ao amin'ilay nosy mba ho an'ny governemanta Kiobàna. |
36 | In effect, this means that all foreign businesses are still majority owned by the Cuban government. | Vokatr'izay, ny dikany dia hoe mbola an'ny governemanta Kiobàna daholo ny ankamaroan'ireo fandraharahàna vahiny. |
37 | It is hard to imagine that the Cuban state policy on this has changed altogether. | Sarotra ny haka sary an-tsaina hoe hiova tanteraka ny politikan'ny fanjakàna Kiobàna mikasika an'io. |
38 | Obama's words suggest that this may have been part of their negotiations, but Raul Castro's only mention of the issue suggested that the ball was still in Obama's court. | Ny tenin'i Obama dia manoso-kevitra ny hoe mety ho ampahany tao anatin'ny fifampiraharahan-dry zareo io. saingy ny hany fanamarihan'i Raul Castro mikasika ilay olana dia toa nilaza fa mbola any amin'i Obama ny baolina. |
39 | The Cuban president didn't discuss changing Cuban tech policy or infrastructure. | Tsy niresaka ny hanova ny politika Kiobàna momba ny teknolojia na ny fotodrafitrasa ny filoha Kiobàna. |
40 | He said only that he “called upon the government of the United States to remove obstacles hindering … telecommunications.” | Nolazainy fotsiny fa “hiantso ny governemanta Amerikàna izy hanaisotra ireo sàkana manelingelina … ny fifandraisan-davitra.” |
41 | So plenty remains uncertain. | Mbola betsaka zavatra tsy azo antoka tavela. |
42 | Obama cannot unilaterally dismantle all U.S. government policies limiting contact and commerce with Cuba-as both leaders noted, the embargo is codified in legislation that only Congress can change. | Tsy vitan'i Obama samirery ny handrava ny politika manontolon'ny governemanta Amerikàna mamepetra ny fifandraisana sy ny varotra iarahana amin'i Kiobà - araka ny nomarihan'ny filoha roa tonta, voarakitra ao anaty lalàna ilay fanaovana ankivy, ka ny Kaongresy irery ihany no afaka hanova azy. |
43 | And although Obama advocated for leaders on both sides to move forward and leave behind their respective legacies of “colonialism and communism” it is not clear how this will play out in practice. | Ary na dia nitondra teny niaro ireo mpitondra avy amin'ny andaniny sy ny ankilany aza i Obama mba handrosoana sy hamelàna izay lova navelan'ny “colonialisme sy ny communisme”, tsy mbola mazava ny fomba hisehoan'izay rehefa ampiharina. |
44 | Old habits die hard-and trust is no easier to build in the digital era than it was in 1961. | Sarotra ny miala amin'ny mahazatra- ary ao anatin'ny vanimpotoana dizitaly dia tsy mora atsangana toy ny tamin'ny 1961 ny fahatokisana. |