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1 | 5 Energy Treasures in Africa You Haven't Heard About | Loharanon'Angovo 5 Tsy Tsara Trandraka Ao Afrika |
2 | Electricity supply problems are once again news in several African countries with recurring power outages in Benin, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire and Madagascar, to name just a few of those most recently affected. | Niverina voaresaka be indray amin'izao fotoana izao ny olan'ny fahazoana herinaratra any aminà firenena Afrikana maro, miaraka amin'ny olan'ny fampifandimbiasana ny fanapahana azy ao Benin, Kamerona, ao Côte d'Ivoire sy Madagasikara, mba tsy hitanisàna afa-tsy ireo vao haingana indrindra. |
3 | In Benin, a private Nigerian company supplies much of the country's electricity. | Ao Bénin, orinasa iray Nizeriana tantanan'ny tsy miankina no tompon'andraikitra amin'ny famatsiana herinaratra ny faritra maro ao amin'ny firenena. |
4 | A report on the Kongossa blog [fr] describes the current situation in Cameroon. : | Ao Kamerona, soritan'ny Kongossa.fr toy izao ny toe-draharaha misy ankehitriny : |
5 | Despite investments made these past years by the American-Cameroonian firm AES-SONEL in charge of production, transportation, distribution and sale of electrical energy, the problem is far from being resolved. | Na teo aza ireo fampiasana vola tato anatin'ny taona vitsy nataon'ilay orinasa iarahan'ny amerikana sy kamerone, AES-SONEL, natao hisahana ny famokarana, fitaterana ary ny fitsinjaràna sy ny famarotana ny herinaratra, mbola lavitry ny afo ny kitay amin'ny hivahàn'ny olana. [..] |
6 | […] Power cuts in Douala and Yaoundé last on average four to six hours while in other areas of the country, notably in rural zones, eyewitnesses consistently report that power cuts can last up to three days in a row. | Raha toa ka maharitra eo amin'ny ora efatra hatramin'ny ora enina eo ny fahatapahan'ny herinaratra ao Douala sy Yaoundé, any amin'ireo faitra hafa ao amin'ny firenena kosa, indrindra ireo any ambanivohitra, dia samy milaza ireo taitra fijoroana vavolombelona azo fa mety haharitra hatramin'ny telo andro maninjitra izany fahatapahana izany. |
7 | In Côte d'Ivoire, outages are so frequent that they are listed on the Facebook page of an imaginary supervillain, Delestron [a play on words with the French term for outage], created by Ivoirian internet users. | Ao Côte d'Ivoire, matetika loatra ny fampifandimbiasana ny fanapahana ka nahatonga ny firaketana azy ireny ao amin'ny pejy Facebook super-héros Délestron, nosaintsainin'ireo Ivoariana mpisera anaty aterineto. |
8 | Finally, in Madagascar, many communities are furious with the national electricity company Jirama, accused of frequent failures to meet requirements. | Farany, ao Madagasikara, marobe ireo vondrom-piarahamonina no tezitra amin'ilay orinasam-panjakana mpamatsy herinaratra, Jirama, ampangaina ho matetika tsy mahavita ny andraikiny. |
9 | For example, in the community of Ambohibao Iavoloha [fr]: | Ohatra amin'izany ireo mponin'Ambohibao Iavoloha : |
10 | For example, the complete loss of power which happened without warning from November 6th to the 11th. | Ohatra, ilay fahatapahana tsy nisy fampilazana nitranga tamin'ny 06 sy 11 Novambra farany teo. |
11 | From November 11th to the 15th, inhabitants had to put up with controlled outages and electricity was only available around 2am the following day. | Nanomboka ny 11 hatramin'ny 15 novambra, niatrika fahatapahan-jiro ny mponina, izay tsy niverina raha tsy ny ampitson'iny efa tamin'ny 2 maraina. |
12 | That is the situation regarding electricity, but the low water pressure from Jirama also gives inhabitants something to grumble about. | Izay ny olan'ny herinaratra fa ny tosiky ny rano avy amin'ny Jrama koa mbola mampimenomenona ny mponina. |
13 | Rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa are the worst off since only 8.4 percent have access to electricity. | Any Afrika atsimon'i Sahara, ireo mponina any ambanivohitra no tena mizaka ny mafy satria 8.4 isan-jato monja no mahana fahafahana mahazo herinaratra. |
14 | However, in light of the growth projected [for Africa], the needs of the continent are certainly going to increase. | Kanefa, raha ny firoboroboana kasaina hotratrarina no jerena, azo antoka fa hiakatra ambony dia ambony ny filàn'ny kaontinanta/Tanibe Afrikana. |
15 | In 2007, annual energy consumption from primary sources was only 15.4 British thermal units (Btu) per person. | Tamin'ny 2007, 15,4 tapitrisa Btu isan'olona amin'ny maridrefin-dry zareo Britanika (British thermal units) no fanjifana isan-taona tany. |
16 | By comparison, global energy consumption per person per year was 70.8 Btu while that of Americans was 337.1 Btu (almost 22 times that of the mean in Africa). | Raha ampitahaina, ny fanjifàna erantany ny angovo isan'olona ary isan-taona dia 70,8 Btu ary ho an'ny teratany Amerikana dia 337,1 Btu (efa ho in-22 amin'ny Afrikana salantsalany). |
17 | However, the African continent is not lacking in natural resources which could meet the energy requirements. | Ny Tanibe Afrikana anefa tsy hoe tsy ampy otrikarena voajanahary hahafahana mamaly ny filàna amin'ny lafiny angovo. |
18 | Any problems are exacerbated by the global intensification of the race towards energy independence. | Io petrak'olana io no avandravandran'ny fihamafisan'ny hazakazaka erantany ho amin'ny fahavitan-tena ara-angovo. |
19 | Many countries are turning to the natural resources of the African continent to supply their energy. | Ho hananana loharanon'angovo, mitodika any amin'ny loharano voajanahary ny firenena maro ao amin'ny Tanibe Afrikana. |
20 | Programs for production and transportation of electricity in Africa by 2040. Map by PIDA, used with their authorisation. | Fandaharanasa hamokarana sy hitaterana herinaratra ao Afrika amin'ny 2040 novolavolain'ny PIDA, nahazoana alàlana taminy |
21 | Here are five of the lesser known energy sources on the African continent: | Ireto ny ohatra efatra amin'ireo loharanon'angovo tsy tsara trandraky ny olona ao amin'io tanibe io: |
22 | Heavy Oil of Madagascar | Ny solika mavesatra ao Madagasikara |
23 | Although Madagascar oil remains relatively unknown internationally-speaking, it has been the object of much speculation. | Tsy dia mbola fantatry ny olona manerantany loatra ny resaka solika ao Madagasikara, saingy anton'ny fitsiriritana marobe izy io [en]. |
24 | Despite the political crisis, interest in the oil of Madagascar [from overseas] has never lessened. Madagascar news website author Antsa explained [fr] Japan's interest: | Na eo aza ny krizy politika, tsy nitsahatra velively ny fahalinana amin'ny solik'i Madagasikara, ho an'i Japana ohatra, araka ny anazavan'i Antsa azy : |
25 | A Japanese delegation met with representatives from the Ministry of Hydrocarbons to find information on the current situation within the petroleum resources sector, as well as on the laws and rules in force. | Nisy iraka manokan'ny Japone tonga nihaona tamin'ireo tompon'andraikitry ny Ministeran'ny Angovo, nikaro-baovao momba ny toerana misy ny sehatry ny loharanon-tsolika amin'izao fotoana izao, hatramin'ireo lalàna sy fepetra mifehy. |
26 | “Despite the political crisis, investors have stayed while others continue to come for the oil exploration. | «Na eo aza ny krizy politika, mijanona ihany ireo mpampiasa vola ary mbola tonga aza ny sasany mba hitrandraka ny solika. |
27 | Even if they are only in the exploration phase, some advantages have already been seen, for example, schools and hospitals have been built or expanded, etc. What is more, the government pays nothing, despite sharing production”, stated the Hydrocarbons Manager. | Na dia mbola anatin'ny fotoana fitsirihana aza ry zareo, dia efa misy sahady ny tombontsoa azo amin'izany, ohatra ny fananganana sekoly, toeram-pitsaboana, ny fanavaozana sy fanamafisana ny fahaiza-manao, sns. Ambonin'izany, tsy mamoaka vola ny governemanta, na dia zaraina aza ny vokatra azo», hoy ny fampahafantaran'ny Tale Jeneralin'ny Ministeran'ny Angovo. |
28 | Three Japanese petroleum companies - ICEP, Jog Meg and Mitsibushi - are currently interested in Madagascar. | Aoka homarihantska fa telo ireo orinasa Japone mpitrandraka solika no liana amin'i Madagasikara amin'izao fotoana izao, dia ny ICEP, Jog Meg sy Mitsibushi. |
29 | This growing interest from petroleum businesses could however bring risks. | Tsy hoe mandeha ho azy tsy misy atahorana akory io fahalinana misonga asehon'ireo mpitrandraka solika ireo. |
30 | Holly Rakotondralambo, Madagascar partner of Friends of the Earth, explained [fr]: | Manazava i Holly Rakotondralambo, Malagasy mpiara-miombon'antoka amin'ny “Amis de la Terre/Sakaizan'ny Tany” : |
31 | Although oil and metal prices are higher because of growing global demand, big business and investors are rushing to Madagascar. | Raha miakatra avo dia avo noho ny filàna tsy mitsaha-mitombo maneran-tany ny vidin'ny solika sy ny vy, ireo orinasa goavana sy ireo mpampiasa vola indray mihazakazaka mankany Madagasikara. |
32 | In an extremely fragile political context, this phenomenon threatens to worsen conflicts with the people as well as further despoiling rich ecosystems already living on borrowed time. | Anatinà vanim-potoana ara-politika tena marefo, mety hampihenjana ny fifanolànan'ny mponina izany, sy hanaratsy misimisy koka ny haren'ny firindràn'ilay tontolo manan-karena efa ambivitra. |
33 | Natural resources of Madagascar and the companies competing to exploit them. | Ireo loharanon-karena voajanaharin'i Madagasikara sy ireo orinasa mpifaninana amin'ny hitrandrahana azy ireny. |
34 | Map published by the OMNIS agency on Facebook, used with permission | Sarintany navoakan'ny masoivoho OMNIS tao amin'ny Facebook, nahazoana alàlana |
35 | Tar Sands of the Republic of Congo | Ny fasika mitahiry solika ao amin'ny Repoblikan'i Congo |
36 | Tar sand deposits are an important source of synthetic crude oil. | Sarotra iasàna ny fasika mitahiry solika ary miteraka resabe noho ny fiantraikany eo amin'ny tontolo iainana. |
37 | However, they are difficult to exploit and controversial because of their environmental impact. | Loharano goavana aminà solika mavesatra antsoina hoe “pétrole brut de synthèse” ireo toeram-pitrandrahana fasika mitahiry solika. |
38 | Italian company ENI is the first oil company to exploit the African tar sands. | Ny orinasa Italiana ENI no voalohany amin'ny fitrandrahana ny fasika mitahiry solik'i Afrika. |
39 | In the Congo, ENI collects tar sands 70km from Pointe-Noire, Congo-Brazzaville, in the Tchikatanga and Tchikatanga-Makola regions. | Ao Congo, mitrandraka ny fasika mitahiry solika any amin'ny 70km ao Pointe-Noire, Congo-Brazzaville, anatin'ny faritr'i Tchikatanga sy Tchikatanga-Makola ny ENI. |
40 | Exploitation of these bitumen-rich sands can be risky, as explained here by the blog Vivement la désintox [fr] [I can't wait for the detox]: | Tsy hoe mandeha fotsny tsy ahitan-doza koa ny fitrandrahana fasika mitahiry solika, araka ny anazavan'i “Vivement la désintox” azy: |
41 | Exploiting tar sands is the dirtiest, most expensive, most energy-demanding way to produce oil. | Ny fitrandrahana ny fasika mitahiry solika no fomba maloto ratsy indrindra, lafo indrindra sy mpiletra angovo betsaka indrindra mba hamokarana solika. |
42 | Extracting one barrel of tar oil takes five barrels of water and releases up to five times more greenhouse gases than normal oil. | Mba hahazoana solika 1 barika dia mila rano 5 barika ary avo dimy heny amin'izay ny entona miteraka fihafanàna aterany, raha mitaha amin'ny fitrandrahana solika mahazatra. |
43 | Extraction of tar sands is also synonymous with deforestation and water pollution. | Midika famotehana ala ihany koa sy fandotoana rano fisotro ny fitrandrahana fasika mitahiry solika. |
44 | In order to separate the oil from the sand, the companies inject solvents which pollute massively the soil and rivers. | Amin'izay indrindra, mba hanasarahana ny solika amin'ny fasika dia mampiasa vokatra simika ireo orinasa, izay mandoto amin'ny ampahany betsaka ny tany sy ny renirano. |
45 | The Windmills of Cape Verde | Ireo vondrom-pihary ahodin-drivotra any Cap Vert |
46 | The Cape Verde islands are the site of the largest windmill farm in Africa. | Ireo nosy ao Cap Vert no toerana midadasika indrindra mandray ny tetikasa goavana hitrandrahana angovo azo amin'ny rivotra ao Afrika. |
47 | The electricity production equipment on four of the islands could lead to the greatest supply of electricity from wind energy in the world (in proportion to the size of the country), as explained in the following video: | Ireo fitaovana famokarana any amin'ireo nosy efatra dia mety ho afaka hamokarana ny fatranà herinaratra be indrindra azo avy amin'ny rivotra (mifanahantsahana amin'ny haben'ilay firenena) eto amin'izao tontolo izao, araka ny hazavain'ity lahatsary manaraka ity : |
48 | Juan Cole explained the country's wind energy gamble: | Manazava ny maha-zava-dehibe ny angovo avy amin'ny rivotra [teny anglisy] ho an'io firenena io i Juan Cole : |
49 | The lack of electricity and its high price have been serious obstacles to economic development and job creation, and thus major reasons for mass emigration of the population. | Sàkana lehibe ho an'ny fampiroboroboana ara-toekarena sy ny famoronana asa ny tsy fahampian'ny herinaratra sy ny vidiny midangana. Isan'ny antony fototry ny fifindra-monin'ny mponina ihany koa io. |
50 | Whereas European wind power often depends on substantial subsidies, the project in Cape Verde is based on strong winds. | Raha raisina hoe miankina aminà famatsiam-bola goavana ny angovo azo avy amin'ny rivotra ho an'ny Eoropeana, ny tetikasan'i Cap-Vert kosa dia mifototra fotsiny amin'ny otrik'angovo matanjaka azo avy amin'ny rivotra. |
51 | Electricity generated from wind power is distinctly cheaper than the power sources used hitherto in the islands. | Ny herinaratra vokatra avy amin'ny rivotra dia moramora kokoa noho ireo loharanon'angovo efa nampiasaina hatramin'izao manerana ireo nosy rehetra. |
52 | The Potential of Solar Energy in Benin | Ny otrik'angovo avy amin'ny masoandro ao Bénin |
53 | With energy consumption growing rapidly in Benin, (and estimated to grow by 11% in future years by the state Electrical Energy Company), lack of investment in the sector coupled with losses during distribution and transportation (of around 18-30%) are the main reasons of the current necessity for controlled outages. | Miaraka amin'ny fanjifàna miha-mitombo ao Bénin, (vinavinain'ilay orinasa mpamatsy herinaratra ho 11 % eo ny ho fivoarana ato anatin'ny taona vitsy), ny tsy fahampian'ny fampiasàna vola amin'io sehatra io, manampy trotraka azy ny fahaverezana eny am-pitaterana sy fitsinjaràna azy (eo amin'ny 18-30 %) no tena antom-pisian'ny fampifandimbiasana ny fanapahan-jiro amin'izao fotoana izao. |
54 | Leomick Sinsin, a blogger from Benin, described the potential advantages of investing in photovoltaic energy [fr] in his country: | Léomick Sinsin, bilaogera ao Bénin, no manoritsoritra ireo tombontsoa azo avy amin'ny angovo entin'ny masoandro ho an'ny fireneny : |
55 | With power varying from 3 to 6 kWh/m2 depending on geographical position, the main advantage of solar installations in Africa is their capacity to provide enough power to answer daily needs. | Taratra eo anelanelan'ny 3 sy 6 kWh isaky ny m² arakarakay ny toerana ara-jeografika misy, ny tombon-dahiny ho an'ny fotodrafitrasa ampiasàna ny masoandro dia ny fahafahany manome tanjaka sahaza hamaliana ireo filàna isan'andro. |
56 | Another advantage of solar power systems is decentralisation of production. | Ankilan”izay, ny tombony amin'ny fotodrafitrasa mampiasa masoandro dia ny fanapariahana ny fotdrafitrasa famokarana. |
57 | Knowing the antiquity of the existing infrastructure, no-one could be against starting a system where the production site is beside the point of use. | Rehefa tonga saina amin'ny fahanteran'ireo fotdrafitrasa efa misy hatramin'izay, tsy hisy angamba handà ny mampitombina ny fampifanakaikezana ny toeram-pamokarana ny ny toerana misy ny fanjifàna. |
58 | A good example is a remote house with panels on the roof. | Ny ohatra tsara amin'io dia trano iray mitoka-monina miaraka amin'na fitavana isan-karazanay eo ambony tafontrano. [..] |
59 | […] Last but not least, the work towards energy efficiency that a solar installation imposes. | Ny tohan-kevitra farany nefa tsy maivan-danja velively dia ny asa mahomby ara-angovo apetraky ny fotodrafitrasa mampiasa masoandro. |
60 | Solar power gives intermittent energy which depends on several parameters such as the weather, quality of the installation, etc. As a result, its usage implies a move towards energy-saving equipment. | Angovo tsy mitohy ny fampiasàna masoandro fa miankina amin-javatra maro toy ny toetr'andro, ny hatsaran'ilay fitaovana napetraka, sns. Araka izany, ny mitaky fampiasàna fiaovana tsotsotra sy tsy mitrka angovo be loatra ny fanjifàna azy. |
61 | In this way the level of consumption can be reduced while keeping the same degree of usability. | Ahenantsika araka izany ny fatran'ny fanjifàna no sady tazoninsika hatrany ny haavon'ny filàntsika azy. |
62 | Geothermic energy from the Rift Valley Recently, several energy companies have stressed the importance of geothermic energy as both a response to the energy needs for countries within the Horn of Africa [Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia] and the Rift Valley as well as an integral part of the program for “green growth”. | Ny angovo antsoina hoe “énergie géothermique” any amin'ny lemak'i Rift Marobe ireo masoivoho no manisy tsindrim-peo tato ho ato mikasika ny lanjan'ny “énergie géothermique”, na angovo azo amin'ny fampiasàna ny hafanan'ny tany, ho fitaovana iray enti-mamaly ny filàna ara-angovon'ireo firenena ao amin'ny Tandrok'i Afrika sy ny ao amin'ny Lemak'i Rift, fa koa ho ampahany tsy misaraka amin'ny fandaharanasa “fandrosoana maitso”. |
63 | SciDev. | SciDev. |
64 | Net reported that Djibouti could become a major player [fr] in geothermic energy: | Net mitatitra hoe ho lasa mpisehatra manana ny toerany i Djibouti ao anatin'ny resaka fampiasana ny angovo azo amin'ny hafanan'ny tany : |
65 | The potential of geothermic energy in the Lake Assal region of this country in the Rift Valley is being studied […] Energy production around Lake Assal could start in 2018 for a cost of 240 million US Dollars, generating 40 to 60 megawatts. | Andalam-pandalinana azy izao ny otrik'angovo azo amin'ny hafanan'ny tany ananan'ny fairtra Lac Assal ao amin'ity firenena ity, izay hita ao amin'ny Lemak'i Rift [..] Mety hanomboka amin'ny taona 2018 ny famokarana angovo ao amin'ny Lac Assal , izay hisanda 240 tapitrisa dolara Amerikana, hiteraka 40 hatramin'ny 60 mégawatts. |
66 | The BAD recommend that public and private sector partnerships develop these energy projects due to their high cost. | Manoso-kevitra ny BAD ny amin'ny tokony hisian'ny fiaraha-miasan'ireo mpiara-miombon'antoka avy amin'ny fanjakana sy ny tsy miankina hampandroso ireo tetikasa ireo noho ny sandany lafo be. |
67 | G. | G. |
68 | Pourtier added that Ethiopia is also starting to explore thermal energy [fr]: | Pourtier manampy fa miroso ihany koa i Ethiopie amin'ny fitrandrahana ny angovo ampiasàna hafanana: |
69 | Located 200 km south of Addis Abbaba, the Ethiopian capital, the new power station will start producing 20 MW from 2015, then 500 MW in 2018 and finally 1 GW several years later […] The area acquired by Reykjavik Geothermal covers 6500 km2, of which 200 km2 have already been identified as having temperatures reaching 350°C. | Any amin'ny 200 km atsimon'i Addis-Abeba, renivohitra etiopiana, hamokatra 20MW eo aloha ilay toby vaovao famokarana manomboka ny 2015, avy eo 500 MW amin'ny 2018 ary farany 1 GW taona vitsy aorian'izay [..]. Maharakotra 6500 km2 ny velarana azon'ny Reykjavik Geothermal ao Éthiopie, ka 200 km2 no efa voafaritra ary ahitàna hafanàna tafakatra hatramin'ny 350°C. |