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1The Russian Internet Is Not Free.Tsy Maimaimpoana Ny Aterineto Rosiana.
2A New Tax Might Make It Even Worse.Mety Vao Mainka Hanaratsy Zavatra Ilay Hetra Vaovao.
3Russians could soon find themselves paying a tax to access their favorite online content streams.Ato ho ato dia ho hitan'ny Rosiana fa handoa hetra ry zareo vao afaka hiditra amin'ireo votoaty ankafiziny ety anaty aterineto.
4Images mixed by Tetyana Lokot.Sary nafangaron'i Tetyana Lokot.
5History tells us that citizens usually don't respond well to new taxes imposed on them against their will (remember the Boston Tea Party?).Ny tantara no miteny amintsika fa tsy dia tsara loatra ny fandraisan'ny olompirenena ny hetra vaovao apetraka aminy ka mifanohitra amin'ny faniriany (tsaroanareo ny Boston Tea Party?).
6When the Hungarian government recently tried to foist an Internet tax on its people, thousands of Hungarians rose up and went into the streets, showering the ruling party's headquarters with old computer parts.Raha tsy ela akory izay ny governemanta Hongroà no nanandrana nametraka hetra amin'ny aterineto tamin'ny vahoakany, an'arivony ireo Hongroà nitsangana ary nidina an-dalambe, nandrakotra ny foiben-toeran'ny antoko eo amin'ny fitondràna taminà kojakoja efa tsy miasa avy aminà solosaina.
7You'd think other countries would learn from Hungary's example.Mety hieritreritra ianao hoe haka ohatra amin'ny nataon'i Hongria ny firenena hafa.
8But the Russian government is now considering its own variant of an Internet tax, and wants to make all Russian Internet users pay for consuming copyrighted content online.Saingy ankehitriny dia misaina ny hetra azy manokana ny governemanta Rosiana, ary tiany hampandoavina hetran'ny aterineto daholo ny Rosiana rehetra rehefa manjifa votoaty misy zon'ny mpamorona ety anaty aterineto.
9Whereas the Hungarian authorities wanted to tax Internet traffic per gigabyte, the Russian idea, put forth by the Russian Union of Copyright Holders (RUC), is a blanket solution for ensuring all users are automatically charged for accessing copyrighted content on the web, regardless of whether or not they're consuming it.Na dia eo aza ny hoe te-hametraka hetra isaky ny gigabyte mifamezivezy ireo manampahefana Hongroà, ny hevitry ny Rosiana, navoitran'ny Fikambanana Rosiana Ho Fiarovana Ny Zon'ny Mpamorona (RUC), dia vahaolana vonjimaika hiantohana fa hoe tonga dia hiharany tsotra izao ny rehetra mpampiasa aterineto rehefa miditra aminà votoaty misy zon'ny mpamorona ety anaty tranonkala, tsy ijerena ny hoe nanjifa azy io sa tsia izy ireo.
10How It Would Work A new concept known as “global licensing,” proposed by RUC in October, counts a wide variety of online audio, video and literary content as collective copyrighted property, and suggests that ISPs incorporate the tax into their tariffs.Ny mety ho fiàsany Ny fomba fihevitra iray vaovao fantatra amin'ny hoe “fanomezan-dàlana faobe,” natolotry ny RUC tamin'ny Oktobra, dia ahitàna karazana votoatinà rakipeo, lahatsary sy literatiora anaty aterineto ho toy ny fananana iombonana nopetahana zon'ny mpamorona, ary manolo-kevitra ny hampidiran'ireo mpanome tolotra aterineto ilay hetra ho ao anatin'ny lazam-bidin-dry zareo.
11Although the concept has not yet become a draft bill, it already has a snazzy website that lobbies for the idea.Na dia mbola tsy navadika ho tolo-dalàna aza ilay fomba fihevitra, dia efa manana tranonkala milailay miezaka mandresy lahatra amin'io sahady ilay hevitra.
12The Russian government is generally in favor of the Internet tax proposal and has appointed several ministries to collaborate on its implementation, but Leonid Levin, head of the parliamentary committee on information policy, has spoken out against the initiative.Amin'ny ankapobeny dia ankasitrahan'ny governemanta Rosiana ilay tolo-kevitra hanasiana hetra ny aterineto ary dia nanendry minisitra maro mba hira-miasa amin'ny fampiharana azy, saingy Leonid Levin, lehiben'ny kaomisiôna parlemantera momba ny politikan'ny fampahalalam-baovao dia niteny nanohitra an'ilay hetsika.
13RUC's head Sergey Fedotov, told Izvestia the tax would be 25 rubles ($0.35) per month for each web-enabled device.Sergey Fedotov, lehiben'ny RUC, nilaza tamin'ny Izvestia fa tokony ho 25 robla isam-bolana ($0.35) ilay hetra ho an'ny fitaovana tsirairay miditra amin'ny aterineto.
14The cost of a license for each Internet connection, whether it's a mobile phone or broadband Internet, would be 25 rubles per month, or 300 rubles per year.Ny vidin'ny fahazoan-dàlana iray isaky ny fidirana aterineto, na io telefôna finday na io aterineto haingam-pandeha, dia mety ho 25 robla isam-bolana, na 300 robla isan-taona.
15According to our statistics, this amounts to about 5% of what an average Russian Internet user pays for their Internet connection.Araka ny antontanisantsika, dia manodidina ny 5% amin'izay vola efa fandoan'ny Rosiana salantsalany mpampiasa aterineto io.
16Twenty-five rubles (about USD $.40) may seem like a negligible sum, but between Russia's 130 million Internet users, it would add up to a significant sum-and one that would ultimately burden ISPs.Toy ny hoe tsy dia misy dikany ny robla dimiambiroapolo (manodidina ny USD $.40), fa ho anà Rosiana miisa 130 tapitrisa mampiasa ny aterineto dia hifanampinampy ho tafakatra hanome vola be izany - ary ho vesatra ho an'ireo mpamatsy aterineto no hiafaràny.
17Internet users themselves would not be paying the tax directly, but would instead incur the cost by “automatically” accepting a license agreement and a higher price for their Internet connection from their ISP of choice.Tsy handoa mivantana ilay hetra ireo mpampiasa aterineto, fa kosa hizaka ny sarany amin'ny fanekena “ho azy amin'izao” ny fifanarahana fanomezan-dàlana sy ny sanda lafon'ny fifandraisana apetraky ny mpanome tolotra nofinidin'izy ireo.
18What Will Be Taxed The “global license” is a unique licensing tool that, according to the Russian Ministry of Culture, will encompass “music tracks and recordings, audio-visual content and literary works.”Ny Ho Tratry Ny Hetra Araka ny lazain'ny Ministera Rosiana misahana ny Kolontsaina, ilay “fanomezàn-dàlana faobe” dia fanomezana lisansa tokana hahabango ireo “mozika sy fandraisampeo, votoaty natao hohenoina sy hojerena ary ireo asa soratra”.
19Content produced by media and entertainment companies that is available online for free or is ad-supported would not be at issue here: rather, the tax would cover those kinds of media products that users would usually be expected to pay for, like a movie or a music album.Tsy ao anatin'ny resaka eto ny votoaty novokarin'ireo media sy orinasa mpanao dokambarotra, izay azo jerena maimaimpoana ety anaty aterineto na ireo vatsian'ny mpanao dokambarotra: fa kosa, ilay hetra dia ho an'ireo karazana media izay mety ho eritreretina ny handoavan'ny mpampiasa hetra mba hahazoana azy ireny, toy ny lahatsary na rakikira.
20But RUC suggests less common types of content, such as movie fragments shared online, might also be subject to taxation.Fa votoaty tsy dia mahazatra no aroson'ny RUC, toy ireo lahatsary voatapatapaka zaraina ety anaty aterineto, mety azo asiana hetra ihany koa.
21In this respect, the new tax seems to be aimed at combating online piracy, as well as at generating revenue for right holders, adding to the existing anti-piracy legislation in Russia.Amin'io lafiny io, toa tahaka ny hiadiana amin'ny fanaovana hosoka ety anaty aterineto no tanjona kendrena amin'ilay hetra vaovao, sy ho fampidiram-bola ho an'ireo tompon'ny zo, ho fanampin'ny lalàna miady amin'ny hosoka efa misy ao Rosia.
22The Ministry of Culture later elaborated on the Internet tax idea, proposing to create a registry of copyrighted creative content online, making it easier to track consumption.Taty aoriana ny Ministeran'ny Kolontsaina dia nandrafitra ny hevitra hanasiana hetra ho an'ny aterineto, nanolo-kevitra ny hananganana rejisitra hisy ireo votoatin'asa famoronana nametrahana zon'ny mpamorona ety anaty aterineto, hahatonga ny fanarahamaso ny fanjifàna ho mora kokoa.
23The Ministry also suggested that ISPs should be obligated to install deep packet inspection (DPI) equipment in order to identify which content users consume on the RuNet.Nanoso-kevitra ihany koa ny ministera ny amin'ny tsy mantsy ametrahan'ireo mpanome tolotra aterineto ny deep packet inspection (DPI), fitaovana ahafahana mamantatra hoe votoaty toy inona no jifain'ny mpampiasa ny RuNet.
24The DPI technology, Ministry officials say, will assure that the licensing tax revenue (which they estimate to reach $860 million a year) is fairly distributed among the copyright holders who own the rights to specific works.Ny teknolojia DPI, hoy ny manampahefana ao amin'ny ministera, dia hiantoka fitsinjarana ara-drariny ny vola azo tamin'ilay hetra amin'ireo tompon'ny zon'ny mpamorona izay manana ny zo amin'ireo asa miavaka (hetra vinavinain-dry zareo hahatratra $860 tapitrisa isan-taona).
25The DPI technology specifications have already been developed for the Ministry of Culture by a local IT company called Systematic, RBK news agency reports.Hoy ny tatitry ny masoivohom-baovao RBK hoe efa novelabelarin'ny orinasa iray ao an-toerana momba ny teknolojia, antsoina hoe Systematic, ho an'ny Ministeran'ny Kolontsaina sahady ny mombamomba ny teknolojia DPI.
26Systematic claims their technology will be able to recognize up to 90% of unencrypted traffic, but will not be able to analyze encrypted connections (like https) or torrent data transmission.Manamafy ny Systematic fa afaka mamaky ny 90% amin'ireo angon-drakitra mifamoivoy nefa tsy misy fiarovana ny teknolojian-dry zareo, fa tsy afaka ny handalina ireo fifaneraseràna voaaro (toy ny https) na ireo angon-drakitra ampitain'ny “torrent”.
27Given that most users who access pirated content online do so through torrent websites, use https, VPN protocols, or TOR to anonymize their connection, Russian telecommunication experts are skeptical about the effectiveness of the expensive technology suggested by global licensing enthusiasts.Fantatra rahateo fa ny ankamaroan'ireo mpampiasa mitroka votoaty voajirika ety anaty aterneto dia manao izany amin'ny alàlan'ireo tranonkala “torrent”, mampiasa htps, fepetran'ny VPN , na TOR mba hanafenana ny fifandraisan-dry zareo, somary kely finoana ihany ireo Rosiana manampahaizana ny amin'ny hampahomby ity teknolojia lafo vidy ity, izay soso-kevitr'ireo mpandàla ny fanomezan-dàlana faobe.
28RuNet Reaction The Internet tax idea has met harsh criticism from Internet industry representatives, telecommunication providers, RuNet users, and even some government officials.Fihetsiky ny RuNet Notsenain'ny kiana mivaivay avy aminireo solontenan'ny indostrian'ny aterineto, ny mpanome tolotra fifandraisan-davitra, ny mpampiasa ny RuNet, ary hatramin'ny manampahefana sasany ao amin'ny governemanta ilay hevitra hametraka hetra amin'ny aterineto.
29Mobile Internet providers MTS, Megafon and Vimpelcom have spoken out against the concept of global licensing, and were joined by critical voices from the Ministry of Economic Development and the Ministry of Communications.Niteny nanohitra ilay “fanomezan-dàlana faobe” ny MTS, ilay mpanome tolotra antso amin'ny finday, ny Megafon sy ny Vimpelcom, ary dia narahan'ireo feo nanakiana avy ao anatin'ny Ministeran'ny Fampiroboroboana ny Toekarena sy ny Ministeran'ny Fifandraisana.
30Representatives of several other IT companies, including Mail.Marobe ireo solontenan'ny orinasa misahana teknolojiam-pifandraisana, nahitàna ny Mail.
31Ru Group, Yandex and VKontakte, published an open letter addressed to President Putin on December 1, arguing that the new system would be “harmful for authors, copyright holders, users, the Russian Internet industry and the telecommunications business.”Ru Group, Yandex sy VKontakte, namoaka taratasy misokatra navantana tamin'ny Filoha Putin, ny 1 Desambra, tamin'ny filazàna fa mety “hanohintohina be an'ireo mpanoratra, tompon'ny zon'ny mpamorona mpampiasa, ny indostrian'ny aterineto Rosiana ary ny fandraharahàna amin'ny fifandraisan-davitra” ilay rafitra vaovao.
32The companies' representatives also expressed concern at the use of DPI technology to track users online, which they suggested was “a form of surveillance that violated international norms.”Naneho ny ahiahiny momba ny fampiasàna ny teknolojia DPI mba hanaraha-maso ireo mpampiasa ety anaty aterineto ihany koa ireo solotenan'ny orinasa, teknolojia DPI izay heverin-dry zareo ho toy ny “endrika iray amin'ny fanarahamaso manitsakitsaka ny fenitra iraisampirenena”.
33Forcing ISPs to install deep packet inspection equipment would only exacerbate existing surveillance and censorship mechanisms in Russia, like the SORM communications interception system and the IP-filtering used to block websites currently on the RuNet blacklist.Vao mainka hanaratsy ny fanarahamaso efa misy sy ny fomba fanaovana sivana ao Rosia, toy ny SORM , fipaingorana fifandraisana sy ny fanatatavànana IP nampiasaina hanakànana ireo tranonkala ao anatin'ny lisitra maintin'ny RuNet amin'izao fotoana izao, ny fanerana ireo mpanome tolotra aterineto hametraka fitaovana fanarahamaso miditra lalina loatra.
34The RuNet users demonstrated their dismay at the Internet tax by launching an online petition on the Russian Civic Initiative website to collect signatures against what they called an “automatic anti-piracy fee” for all Internet users.Tao amin'ny tranonkala “Fandraisan Andraikitry ny Olompirenena Rosiana”, nasehon'ireo mpampiasa ny RuNet ny hadisoam-panantenany manoloana ilay hetra amin'ny aterineto, tamin'ny alàlan'ny fanangonan-tsonia ety anaty aterineto mba hanoherana ny antsoin-dry zareo hoe “saram-panoherana ny hosoka mandeha ho azy” ho an'ny rehetra mampiasa aterineto.
35The petition, started on December 6, calls state officials to drop the Internet tax idea and instead consider alternative means for protecting intellectual property, which would not violate citizens' rights.Ilay fanangonan-tsonia natomboka tamin'ny 6 Desambra dia mitaky ireo manampahefana hanaisotra ilay hevitra hanasiana hetra ny aterineto hatao fitaovana fanolo mba hiarovana ny fanànana ara-tsaina, ary ho solony dia hijery vahaolana hafa, izay tsy hanitsakitsaka ny zon'ny olompirenena.
36Most users would have to pay for content they do not consume.Mety handoa zavatra tsy nojifainy akory ny betsaka amn'ireo mpampiasa.
37Such tax payments would not be made in the interests of all the citizens, and not in the interests of the RuNet users, but would only serve a limited group of people.Tokony ho amin'ny tombontsoan'ny olompirenena tsirairay ny fandoavana hetra tahaka izany, tsy ho amin'ny tombontsoan'ireo mpampiasa RuNet, fa mety ho amin'ny tombontsoanà vondron'olona voafetra ihany.
38Besides, there is no guarantee that the copyright holders would actually receive any royalties from this tax.Etsy ankilany, tsy misy antoka hoe tena handray ny vola azo avy amin'io hetra io tokoa ireo tompon'ny zon'ny mpamorona.
39As of December 15, the petition had just over 14k of the 100k signatures that it needs to be considered for discussion in the relevant parliamentary committee.Tamin'ny 15 Desambra, azon'ilay fanangonan-tsonia ny 14.000 mahery tamin'ireo sonia 100.000 nilainy mba hametrahana azy ho ao anaty fifanakalozan-kevitra eny anivon'ny kaomisiona manana ny lanjany ao amin'ny parlemanta.
40If signed into law, the global licensing scheme would leave RuNet users no choice but to pay the Internet tax, as it would be included in their Internet bill.Raha soniavina ho lalàna, mety tsy hanome safidy ireo mpampiasa ny RunNet afa-tsy ny handoa ilay hetra ho an'ny aterineto ilay fanomezan-dàlana faobe, satria dia ho tafiditra ao anatin'ny lazam-bidin'ny aterineto nampiasainy.
41For now, the Ministry of Culture is still discussing RUC's proposal, but hopes to work with other stakeholders to create a draft bill by the end of 2014.Mandraka ity ny androany, mbola miresaka ny tolo-kevitry ny RUC hatrany ny Ministeran'ny Kolontsaina, nefa manantena ny hiara-hiasa amin'ireo hafa mpandray anjara amin'izany mba hanangana volavolan-dalàna hatramin'ny faran'ny taona 2014.
42An official within the Ministry alleged the discussion could even take a year or two.Nambaran'ny manampahefana iray avy ao anatin'ilay ministera fa mety haharitra taona iray na roa ny fifanakalozan-kevitra.
43While this may seem far off, the recent track record of Russian Internet legislation suggests the Internet tax has every chance of becoming a reality.Na dia toa mbola ho lavitra aza izany, ilay fanaovana lalàna fanarahamaso ny aterineto Rosiana natao vao haingana dia mihevitra fa manana ny vintana rehetra ho lasa tena zavatra iainana ilay hetra amin'ny aterineto.