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1Hostages and Ransom Payments: What is France's Policy?Takalon'Aina sy ny Tambiny : Politika Manao Ahoana ny An'i Frantsa ?
2Around three months after the French President François Hollande's decision to stop paying ransoms to hostage takers, the Moulin-Fournier family were finally released, to the immense relief of their family and friends.Tokony ho telo volana taorian'ny fanapaha-kevitr'i François Hollande hampitsaharana ny fandoavana tambiny ho an'ireo mpanao takalon'aina, dia navotsotra ihany ny ankohonana Moulin-Fournier, izay niteraka sento ho an'ny fianakaviana sy ny namana.
3However, there is still no information to shed light on how this liberation occurred.Hatramin'izao anefa dia tsy misy fampahafantarana tamin'ny fepetran'izany famotsorana izany.
4Video of the hostages following their release via zoominwal [fr]: In January 2013, François Hollande told the families of French citizens around the world that France would henceforth follow a policy of refusing financial dealings with the hostage-takers.Nampafantatra tamin'ny fianakavian'ny mizaka zom-pirenena frantsay rehetra manerana izao tontolo izao ny filohan'ny Repoblika Frantsay fa manomboka izao i Lafrantsa dia manaraka ny politika mandà ny fifampiraharahana misy vola amin'ireo mpaka takalon'aina.
5The time of giving in to ransom demands had come to an end.Milaza izany hoe tapitra hatreo ny fotoanan'ny fandoavan-tambiny.
6This change had been considered during the Sarkozy era, due to payment of ransoms increasing the greed of kidnappers.Fanovana izay efa noheverina hatramin'ny fotoana nitondran'i Sarkozy satria vao maika mandranitra ny mpaka an-keriny ny fandoavana tambiny.
7Abdoulaye Bah of Global Voices noted in 2010 that [fr]:Abdoulaye Bah sur Global Voices nanamarika tamin'ny taona 2010 [mg] fa:
8More than 90% of funding for terrorist groups comes from ransom payments.Maherin'ny 90% amin'ny famatsiam-bolan'ireo vondrona mpampihorohoro dia avy amin'ny fandoavana onitra. [..]
9[…] As long as western countries pay to free their hostages, the terrorist groups will add to their “accounts”.Raha mbola manohy mandòa onitra hamotsorana ireo takalon'ainany ny firenena Tandrefana, dia hameno ny “kaontin-“-n'ireo vondrona mpampihorohoro.
10The crisis in Mali accelerated the process [fr].Ny krizy tany Mali no nanafaingana ny fandehan-draharaha.
11Since when, intelligence service agents have tried to adapt their negotiation methods, breaking with the French techniques which had prevailed until that time.Manomboka izao ny mpiasan'ny fitsikilovana dia tsy maintsy maka volontany ny fomba fifampiraharahany. Fanapahan-kevitra manapaka tanteraka ny teknika frantsay fanao hatramin'izao fotoana izao izany.
12The adopted model was along the lines of those used in Britain and America.Ny maodely anglo-saxons kokoa no noraisina.
13French Negotiation Techniques compared to those of Britain and the USInona avy ny tsy itovizana amin'ny anglo-saxons ?
14Bernard Kouchner talked of the different approaches [fr] when trying to resolve hostage situations:Bernard Kouchner mampahatsiahy ny karazam-panao amin'ny famahana ny olan'ny fakana takalon'aina:
15People often compare the French method, which pays, and the ‘Anglo-Saxon' method which doesn't, but things are not as simple as that, each hostage situation is unique and more complex than can be imagined.Ampifanoherina matetika ny fanao frantsay izay mandoa sy ny fanao anglo-saxon izay tsy mandoa saingy tsy mazava toy izany ny zava-mitranga, samy manana ny mampiavaka azy avokoa ny raharahan-takalon'aina ary sarotra kokoa tsy araka ny iheverana azy.
16Contrary to in Britain and the US, where it is clearly spelled out to citizens that government policy will not make any type of concession regarding individuals or groups who take hostages, France has not set out a precise policy in its official documents, and instead only used to warn against kidnappings.Tsy tahaka ny ataon'ny firenena mpiteny anglisy (angletera, Etazonia) izay nolazaina mazava tamin'ny olom-pirenena fa tsy manomam-bola ifampiraharahana amin'olona na vondrona mpaka takalon'aina ny politikam-panjakana, tsy mamaritra na inona na inona ao amin'ny tahirin-kevi-panjakana kosa i Lafrantsa. Mampitandrina fotsiny amin'izay mety ho fisian'ny fakana an-keriny izy.
17François Hollande therefore set in action a radical change when he made his clear announcement of France's refusal to give in to ransom demands.Nametraka ny fanovana ifotony noho izany i François Hollande tamin'ny fanononana ny fandavana frantsay hanaiky ny fitakiana vola tambiny.
18However, the lack of transparency over the latest liberation of hostages in Cameroon leads the onlooker to believe that the actual situation is more complicated.Saingy ny fanjavozavon'ny famotsorana ireo takalon'aina farany teo tao Kamerona no memetraka ny eritreritra fa toa sarotra kokoa ny toe-draharaha.
19How were the Moulin-Fournier family freed?Fa ahoana ny amin'ny namotsorana an-dry Moulin-Fournier ?
20The French family were taken hostage on February 19, 2013 in Cameroon, and claimed by Boko Haram, the Nigerian terrorist group.Ilay ankohonana frantsay nalaina an-keriny tamin'ny 19 febroary izay nolazain'ny Boko Haram, vondrona mpampihorohoro nizeriana, fa nataony dia navotsotra tamin'ny 19 avrily.
21The hostages were freed on April 19. News website Slate Afrique asked Did France pay a ransom to Boko Haram?« Nandoa tamby tamin'ny Boko Haram ve i Lafrantsa? » hoy ny fanontanian'ny Slate Afrique ny ampitson'ny nanafahana azy ireo:
22[fr] the day after their liberation: These questions take on ever greater importance when we remember Boko Haram's demands when the Nigerian sect confirmed responsibility for the kidnapping of this French family, near Dabanga in the extreme north of Cameroon on February 19Maro ny fanontaniana am-pisainana lalina nipoitra ka nahatsiarovana ny fitakian'ny Boko Haram, rehefa nanamafy ity sekta nizeriana ity fa izy no rangory nanao ny fakana ankeriny ity ankohonana frantsay ity tany amin'ny faritr'i Dabanga, faritra farany avaratr'i Kamerona, tamin'ny 19 febroary lasa teo
23The article also remarked upon the discretion of the French and Cameroon governments on this affair.Nanamarika ny fahanginan'ny fitondrana kameroney sy frantsay amin'ity raharaha ity ihany koa ny lahatsoratra.
24The French government has reaffirmed that it did not break its resolution and that it did not pay a ransom.(Lahatsarin'ny fahatongavan'ireo nalaina ankeriny taorian'ny famotsorana azy ireo, avy amin'i zoominwal)
25The members of Boko Haram had let it be known in a video uploaded on February 25 that they wanted family members “imprisoned in Nigeria and Cameroon” to be freed.Nanamafy ny fandikana ny fanapaha-kevitra noraisiny tsy handoa tambiny ny tao amin'ny lapam-panjakana Elysée. nampahalala ny mpikambana ao amin'ny Boko Haram, tao amin'ny lahatsary navoaka tamin'ny 25 febroary, fa maniry ny hamotsorana ireo fianakavian-dry zareo « nagadraina any Nizeria sy ao Kamerona ry zareo.
26The Nigerian government then intervened, however, details of any negotiations [fr] were not disclosed.Niditra nanelanelana fitondrana nizeriana. Saingy tsy nampahafantarina ny antsipirihan'ny fifampiraharahana.
27As for the Moulin-Fournier family, they told the media through crisis management consultants gestiondecrise.com [fr] about their tough experience without disclosing any information concerning the conditions of their release.Etsy ankilany kosa ry Moulin-Fournier dia mitantara fotsiny ny zava-tsarotra niainan'izy ireo tamin'ny mpampiely vaovao ao amin'ny trano fiasan'ny mpiandraikitra ny seraseran'ny krise Vae Solis ary tsy milaza na inona na inona momba ny fepetram-pamotsorana azy ireo.
28The question of what is French policy in hostage situations therefore remains open.Mbola baraingo tanteraka ny raharaha noho izany.