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1A declaration of love to the Portuguese language, in all its variationsFanehoam-pitiavana ny teny Portigey amin'ny endriny isan-karazany
2This post is part of our special coverage Languages and the Internet.Lazaina mazàna fa hoe “tenindray” na “tenindrenin'” izao tontolo izao ny teny Portigey, izay ampiasain'ny olona 200 tapitrisa mahery maneran-tany.
3The Portuguese language, spoken by more than 200 million people around the world, has often been described as the “fatherland” or “motherland” of the Portuguese-speaking world.Tamin'ny 21 Febroary isika no nankalaza ny Andro Iraisam-pirenena ho an'ny tenindreny, nokarakarain'ny UNESCO nanomboka tamin'ny taona 1999.
4On February 21 we commemorated International Mother Language Day, established by UNESCO in 1999. In a tribute to the Portuguese language in all its linguistic and cultural diversity, we invite you in this article to navigate through reflections from Portuguese-speaking bloggers, prompted by their reading of the first novel dedicated to the Portuguese language [pt], Milagrário Pessoal - the most recent work by the Angolan author José Eduardo Agualusa.Eo am-pijerena ny fiteny Portigey amin'ny endriny ara-pitenenana sy ara-kolotsaina maro isan-karazany, dia manasa anao izahay ato amin'ity lahatsoratra ity ny hijery azy miaraka amin'ny fandinihana avy amin'ny mpitoraka bilaogy mampiasa ny teny Portigey, izay notsoahin'izy ireo tao amin'ny vaky boky tantara voalohany izay natokana ho an'ny teny Portigey [pt], Milagrário Pessoal - asasoratra vao navoakan'ny mpanoratra Angoley José Eduardo Agualusa.
5The title of this article was taken [pt] from the blog Mértola, in which Carlos Viegas writes that Milagrário Pessoal is:Notsoahina avy ao amin'ny bilaogy Mértola ny lohatenin'ity lahatsoratra ity izay ahitana an'i Carlos Viegas milaza fa ny boky Milagrário Pessoal dia:
6a declaration of love to the Portuguese language, in all its variations (…) a journey through the history of our language, through the places and cultures which feed its great richness.fanehoam-pitiavana ho an'ny teny Portigey, amin'ny endriny maro samihafa rehetra (…), fitsangatsanganana mitety ny tantaran'ny tenintsika, mamakivaky ireo toerana sy kolotsaina izay mamelona ka mahatonga azy hanankarena.
7Photo: Manu Magalhães.Sary: Manu Magalhães.
8CC BY-NC-SA 2.0CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
9Portuguese is the official language of eight countries - Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé and Príncipe and East Timor - in four continents - Africa, America, Asia and Europe.Tenim-pirenena ofisialy ampiasaina amina firenena valo ny teny Portigey - Angola, Brezila, Cap vert, Gine-Bisao, Mozambika, Portugal, São Tomé sy Príncipe ary Timor Atsinanana - izay eo amin'ny kaontinanta efatra - Afrika, Amerika, Azia ary Eoropa.
10Thus, the language covers a vast area of the Earth's surface (7.2% of the planet [pt]), encompassing an extraordinary diversity of lives which is reflected in the variety of dialects.Noho izany, mandrakotra toerana malalaka sy maro eto ambonin'ny tany ity teny iray ity (7.2% n'ny planeta [pt]), ary ahitana karazana fiainana maro hafa mihitsy itarafana ireo tenim-paritra samihafa ao amin'izy ireo.
11It is also the fifth most spoken language on the Internet, according to Internet World Stats, with around 82.5 million internet users.Izy ihany koa no teny fahadimy be mpampiasa indrindra eto amin'ny aterineto, raha ny fahitan'ny Mpikirakira ny antontan'isa maneran-tany amin'ny aterineto (Internet World Stats) azy, miaraka amin'ny mpampiasa aterineto miisa 82.5 tapitrisa any ho any.
12Deceased in June 2010, José Saramago - the only Portuguese-speaking winner of the Nobel prize for Literature - said that “there is no Portuguese language, but rather languages in Portuguese ” [pt].Narary i José Saramago tamin'ny volana Jona 2010, - ilay mpanoratra tokana amin'ny teny Portigey nahazo ny Loka Nobel ho an'ny haisoratra - ary nilaza izy fa “tsy misy teny Portigey, fa angamba kokoa aza teny maro amin'ny Portigey ” [pt].
13The writer Agualusa, in an interview [pt] with the blog Porta-Livros, states that:Milaza ny mpanoratra Agualusa, ao amin'ny resaka nifanaovany [pt] amin'ny bilaogy Porta-Livros, fa :
14The Portuguese language is a combination of all the people who speak Portuguese and it is this which makes it such an interesting language, with such great elegance, elasticity and plasticity.Fitambaran'ny olona rehetra mampiasa ity teny ity ny teny Portigey ary izany no mahatonga ity teny ity ho mahaliana, mihaja tsara, izy afa-miitatra tsara endrika.
15The novel - or the “essay on the Portuguese language disguised as a novel”, as the journalist Pedro Mexia describes it in a critique entitled Politics of Language [pt] - simultaneously tells a love story and explores the processes of construction of the Portuguese language.Ny bokintantara - na “andrana mikasika ny teny Portigey namboarina ho bokintantara”, hoy ny mpanao gazety Pedro Mexia mamaritra izany ao amin'ny tsikera mitondra ny lohateny hoe Politikan'ny teny [pt] - no milaza tantaram-pitiavana iray sady mandalina ny fandrafetana ny teny Portigey.
16Agualusa, again in the afore-mentioned interview, confesses to “greatly regretting the disappearance of certain beautiful words which fall out of usage” and shares the necessity and “obligation to prevent the death of these words”.Milaza koa i Agualusa, eo amin'ny resaka nifanaovany voalaza tetsy ambony, mikasika ny ” haben'ny alahelony amin'ny tsy fahitana intsony ny teny mahafinaritra sasany noho ny tsy fampiasana azy intsony” ary ny adidy hiaro ireo teny ireo tsy ho tratran'ny fahafatesana.
17Poem by Fernando Pessoa: He who cannot fully perceive a word, can never fully perceive a soul.Tononkalo nosoratan'i Fernando Pessoa: Ny olona izay tsy afaka mahalala tsara ny teny, dia tsy ho afaka ahalala tsara ny fanahy mihitsy ihany koa.
18Photo: Lu Freitas on Flickr.Sary: Lu Freitas eo amin'ny Flickr.
19CC BY-NC-SA 2.0CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
20Rui Azeredo, from the blog Porta-Livros, explains [pt] that the “[love] story serves solely as a pretext for the author to pay homage to the Portuguese language” :Manazava [pt] i Rui Azeredo, avy ao amin'ny bilaogy Porta-Livros, fa ny tantaram- “[pitiavana] eto dia endriny ivelany fotsiny hoan'ny mpanoratra mba hanomezam-boninahitra ny teny Portigey”:
21through a search by the novel's main characters for Portuguese neologisms. And neatly embedded in the middle of the story (…) we find the neologisms, as if in a lesson we don't even notice, but in which we learn everything.Amin'ny alalan'ny fikarohana ny teny vaovao amin'ny alalan'ireo mpilalao fototra, ary kajiana mihitsy ny hanatsofohana ireo teny vaovao, tahaka ny lesona tsy voamaritsika akory, ao anaty tantara (…) nefa ahafahantsika mianatra ny zavatra rehetra izany.
22From Portugal to Angola, via Brazil and other countries, our eyes run over word games (both new and old, depending at times on the geographical situation) cleverly thrown in by Agualusa.Avy any Portiogaly ka hatrany Angola, mandalo any Brezila sy firenena hafa, mitety ireo lalaonteny ireo ny masontsika (sady vaovao no taloha, miankina amin'ny fotoana eo amin'ny toerana ara-zeografia) nalefan'i Agualusa tamim-pahaiza-mandrindra .
23In a summary [pt] of Milagrário Pessoal, Bruno Vieira Amaral, from the blog Circo da Lama, considers that “words have power, words are power”.Ao amin'ny fehintenin' [pt]i Milagrário Pessoal, Bruno Vieira Amaral, avy any amin'ny bilaogy Circo da Lama, dia mihevitra izy fa “manana fahefana ny teny, ary fahefana ny teny “.
24Amaral comments on excerpts from Milagrário Pessoal - in quotes as fanciful as they are representative of the countries to which they refer - in which the Portuguese language serves as a vehicule for refractory, subversive and nationalist political practices:Mitsikera amina teny fohy ao amin'ny Milagrário Pessoal anaty farango sosona i Amaral milaza fa feno hatsarana ny teny noho izy mahasolo tena ny firenena izay mampiasa azy - ary anatin'izany ny teny portigey dia mivoy fanao politika mikombona, manasaritaka ary nasionalista :
25Words are also power, politics in the broadest sense.Fahefana ihany koa ny teny, politika amin'ny ankapobeny.
26They can reflect disobedience, as in the case of the Timorian who recited sonnets from Camões.Azo itarafana ny tsy fanekena izy, toy ny trangan'ny Timoriana izay nitanisa ny tonokalo avy any Camões.
27They can reflect nationalist affirmations, as in the case of the Brazilian elites who began to use nicknames of Tupi origin.AZO itarafana ny fanambarana nasionalista izy, araka ny hita any amin'ny manampahaizana Breziliana izay nampiasa ny solon'anarana avy amin'ny teny Tupi.
28They can reflect subversion, like the colonised who seek to colonise the language of the coloniser in order to dominate him.Mety itarafana ny fanasaritahana ihany koa izy ireo, toy ny olona zanahina izay mitady hanjanaka ny tenin'ny mpanjanaka mba hifehezana azy.
29José Leitão, in the blog Inclusão e Cidadania, supports this view [pt]:Manohana ity fomba fijery ity i José Leitão, ao amin'ny bilaogy Inclusão e Cidadania, [pt]:
30The novel contains precious clues for a policy on language, which deserve the attention of social scientists, linguists and those responsible for policy relating to the Portuguese language.Ahitana fanoroana maro mikasika ny politika eo amin'ny teny ny tantara, izay mendrika hojeren'ny mpikaroka ara-tsosialy, ny mpandinika ny teny ary ireo tompon'andraikitra politika miandraikitra ny teny Portigey.
31Poem by Manuel Bandeira: Life did not come to me through newspapers nor through books/It came from the mouth of the people in the incorrect language of the people/Correct language of the people/Because it is the people who delight in speaking the Portuguese of Brazil/While in the meantime/What we are doing/Is mimic/The Portuguese syntax.Tonokalo nosoratan'i Manuel Bandeira: Tsy tonga tamiko tamin'ny alalan'ny gazety na boky ny fiainana /tonga tamiko izy avy amin'ny vavan'ny olona tamin'ny fomba fiteny tsy marin'ny olony/ fomba fiteny marin'ny olona/satria ny olona no mamiratra rehefa miteny Portigen'ny Brezila/Raha mandritra izany/ny zavatra mba ataontsika/dia fihetsika fotsiny/mikasika ny rafiteny portigey.
32Photo by Capitu on Flickr.Sary avy amin'i Capitu eo amin'ny Flickr.
33CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.CC BY-NC-SA 2.0."
34The reflections of Milagrário Pessoal‘s readers in the blogosphere at times broach the subject of the controversial Spelling Reform of the Portuguese language, which aims to unify and converge the different spellings used in each Portuguese-speaking country.Miompana amin'ny endrika mampiady hevitra matetika ny eritreritry ny mpamaky ny Milagrário Pessoal momba ny Fanavaozana ny tsipelin' ny teny Portigey, izay mitady hanambatra sy hampiara-mirona ny tsipelina ampiasaina any amin'ny firenena mpiteny portigey tsirairay.
35In his interview with the blog Porta-Livros, Agualusa states:Ao amin'ny resaka ifanaovany amin'ny bilaogy Porta-Livros, no milaza i Agualusa:
36Never before has there been such a degree of movement of people and ideas between Portuguese-speaking countries.Mbola tsy nisy mihitsy hatrizay taha ambonina fivezivezen'ny mponina sy hevitra sahala amin'izao teo amin'ny firenena miteny Portigey .
37(…) And this means that the language comes closer together.(…) Ary midika izany fa mahatonga ny olona hifanatona kokoa ny teny.
38Pedro Teixeira Neves, of PNETLiteratura, quotes [pt] a passage from the book and asks:Manamarika [pt] sombinteny ao amin'ny boky i Pedro Teixeira Neves, avy ao amin'ny PNETLiteratura, ary manontany hoe :
39“Moisés da Conceição writes that the Portuguese language, African in its matrix as a result of its prolonged cohabitation with Arabic which influenced it greatly, needs to darken still further, moulding itself to the geography of the places inhabited by its abundance of speakers.“Nanoratra i Moisés da Conceição fa ny teny Portigey, teny Afrikana any amin'ny fotony da tahaka ny vokatry ny fifampikasokasoana nandritra ny fotoana maharitra tamin'ny teny arabo izay maro ny teny manamarika azy, dia mbola mila fanakonana kokoa, volavolaina araka ny toerana misy azy amin'ny firenena be mpiteny portigey.
40Our destiny is to swallow one another up…”.Ny lahatra ho antsika dia isika mifampitelina…”.
41In summary, this is in some way the underlying thesis upon which the fictional side of this novel is overlaid.Raha fehezina dia io no petra-kevitra miafina ao anatin'ny faritra famoronana amin'ny bokintantara.
42Concealed criticism of the spelling reform?Tsikera miafina ao ambadiky ny fivoaran'ny tsipelina?
43Why not read between the lines in this manner? …Nahoana moa no tsy vakiana isan'andalana amin'izany fomba izany?? …
44Offering no response to his question, Teixeira Neves states that “language is a treasure” [pt] and concludes:Noho ny tsy nahazoana valiny an'ity fanontaniana ity, dia milaza i Teixeira Neves fa “harena ny teny ” [pt] ary hoy izy mamarana :
45A treasure held not in a chest sealed from the peoples who use it (thus, who speak this language, or Portuguese), but a treasure which in its geographic diversity and continual growth becomes richer and broader.Harena mipirina tsy ao anaty vata mihidy amin'ny olona mampiasa azy (izany hoe, ireo olona izay miteny azy, ny Portigey), fa harena izay ny fahasamihafany eo amin'ny lafiny jeografia sy ny fivelarany tsy an-kijanona dia nanjary nanankarena kokoa sy niitatra kokoa.
46In short: the language has multiple identities, and this fact can only represent an addition, never a subtraction.Amin'ny teny fohy: manana famantarana maro ny teny, ary izay tranga izay ihany no maneho ny tombony, fa tsy ho fatiantoka mihitsy.
47Language is elastic, a living body which feeds off time and times.Toy ny elastika ny teny, toy ny vatan'olona izay veloma mitady sakafo hatrany .
48Language is a continual voyage through oceans never before seen or sailed.Fitsangatsanganana mitohy foana ny teny, mitety ny ranomasimbe tsy hita mihitsy na tsy mbola nodiavina hatrizay.
49Poem by Antonio Risério: “our raw material is the word.Tonokalo nosoratan'i Antonio Risério: “ny teny no fitaovana tena ampiasaintsika.
50The word as a sound, as a sense, as a practice, as a password, as a cultural indicator, as cultural cement, as history, as an object, as a changing and changeable entityNy teny ho toy ny feo, dika, enti-miasa, ny teny fanalahidy, mpanondro ara-kolotsaina, mpampiraikitra ara-kolotsaina, toy ny tantara, toy ny zavatra, toy ny vondrona iray miova sy azo ovaina