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1Guatemala: Former Dictator Efraín Rios Montt Questioned for GenocideGoatemalà : Ilay Mpanao Jadona Teo Aloha Efrain Rios Montt Nohadihadiana Manokana Mikasika Ny Famonoana Ny Mpiray Tanindrazana
2Human rights activists feared that the presidential victory of former general Otto Perez Molina would mean a step backwards in transitional justice in Guatemala.Ireo mafana fo amin'ny fiarovana ny zon'olombelona dia manahy fa ny fandresen'ilay jeneraly teo aloha Otto Perez Molina tamin'ny fifidianana ho filoha dia midika ho fihemorana eo amin'ny fitsarana ao Guatemala.
3However, this week, two landmark events have given clear signs that Guatemala's fragile democracy is maturing.Kanefa, tamin'ity herinandro ity, hetsika goavana roa no nampiseho fa ny demokrasia izay goragora ao Guatemala dia efa mihamatotra.
4On January 26, the Guatemalan Congress ratified the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, allowing the international tribunal to prosecute any human rights abusers if Guatemala fails to do so; the same day, after years of being shielded by parliamentary immunity, former de facto President Efraín Rios Montt was questioned for his involvement in the genocide of 1,700 Mayan indigenous people in 1982-1983, during Guatemala's thirty-six-year civil war (1960-1996).Ny 26 Janoary, ny Kaongresy ao Goatemala dia nanao sonia ny “the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court“, na ny Fifanarahan'ny Fitsarana Heloka Bevava Iraisam-pirenena natao tany Roma, izay ahafahan'ny tribonaly iraisam-pirenena manenjika ireo mpanao tsinonontsinona ny zon'olombelona, raha tsy mahavita manao izany ny ao Goatemala; io andro io ihany, taorian'ny taona maro nialokalofany tao anatin'ny tsimatimanota avy amin'ny parlemantera, ilay filoha “de facto” teo aloha, Efraín Rios Montt, dia nohadihadiana tamin'ny mety ho maha-voarohirohy azy amin'ilay famonoana mpiray foko 1700 avy ao Maya ny taona 1982-1983, nandritra ny ady sivily enina ambiny telompolo taona tao Goatemala (1960-1996).
5Boy stands in front of the names of the victims of genocide.Ankizy lahy nijoro teo anoloan'ireo anaran'ireo olona niharan'ny vono.
6Photo by Renata Avila under an Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) Creative Commons license.Sary avy amin'ny Renata Avila nahazoana alalana 2.0 Générique(CC BY 2.0) Creative Commons license.
7In the blog SALTLaw, in a post titled “A good dawn for justice in Guatemala,” Raquel Aldana writes about the significance of Rios Montt facing trial for genocide and crimes against humanity:Tao amin'ilay bilaogy SALTLaw, tao aminà lahatsoratra mitondra ny lohanteny hoe “Andro miposaka ho an'ny rariny ao Guatemala,” Raquel Aldana dia nanoratra ny lanjan'ny fiatrehan'i Rios Montt ilay fitsarana mikasika ny famonoana ny mpiray tanindrazana sy ny herisetra atao amin'ny olombelona :
8Today was a historic day for Guatemala.Androany dia andro manan-tantara ho an'ny Goatemala.
9A few hours ago, after a long day of heady hearings, a Guatemalan court opened a criminal case for genocide against Retired Military General Efraín Ríos Montt and ordered him detained under house arrest.Ora vitsivitsy izay, taorian'ny andro lava nanaovana fanadihadiana, tribonaly iray ao Goatemala no nanokatra raharaha ara-pitsarana mikasika ny famonoana ireo mpiray tanindrazana anenjehana ilay Jeneraly misotro ronono Efraín Ríos Montt ary nandidy ny hitànana azy am-ponja.
10Now 85, the retired general must face trial accused of being responsible for one hundred massacres, which produced a death toll of one thousand, seven hundred and seventy one victims.85 taona ankehitriny, ilay jeneraly misotro ronono dia maintsy hiatrika fitsarana, izy dia voampanga ho tomponandraikitra tamin'ny famonoana an-jatony, izay nahatonga ny tahan'ny faty olona ho an'arivony, iraika ambiny fitopolo sy fitonjato ireo niharam-boina.
11Ríos Montt, who until recently enjoyed immunity after serving nearly two decades as Congressman in Guatemala, had been de facto president during the most brutal 17 months of the 36 year-long civil war, between 1982 and 1983.Ríos Montt, izay hatramin'izao nahazo fiarovana tsimatimanota taorian'ny efa ho roapolo taona naha-mpikambana ny tenany tao amin'ny kaongresy ao Goatemala, ny naha filoha de facto azy nandritra ny 17 volana feno herisetra tamin'ilay ady sivily nandritra ny 36 taona, teo anelanelan'ny 1982 sy ny 1983.
12She continues reporting on Rios Montt's appearance in court:Nanohy nitatitra momba ny fisehoan'i Rios Montt teo alohan'ny tribonaly izy :
13When asked in court today if he understood the charges he faced, Ríos Montt said into the microphone “I understand perfectly.”Rehefa nanontaniana izy androany hoe fantany ve ny vesatra iampangana azy, Ríos Montt dia nilaza teo amin'ny micro hoe “Fantatro tsara mihitsy.”
14Then, instead of making a formal declaration of guilt or not guilt, he stated a preference for silence.Avy eo, raha tokony ho fanambaràna am-panajàna ny amin'ny hoe meloka na tsia no nataony, dia naleony nangina.
15Outside the courthouse today, indigenous Guatemalans laid red rose petals spelling impunity no more.Taty ivelan'ny fitsarana androany, ireo mponina teratany ao Goatemala dia nametraka felan-draozy mena mivaky hoe tsy misy intsony ny tsimatimanota.
16Meanwhile, the Guatemalan Congress ratified the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.Amin'izany, ny kaongresy ao Goatemala dia nanao sonia ilay “Fifanarahan'ny Fitsarana Heloka Bevava Iraisam-pirenena natao tany Roma.
17On the Council of Foreign Affairs Blog, Natalie Kitroeff lays out Rios Montt's defense.Ao amin'ny bilaogin'ny Filankevitry ny Raharaham-Bahiny, Natalie Kitroeff dia mametraka ny fiarovan-tenan'i Rios Montt.
18Ríos Montt has made his defense quite clear.Nataon'i Ríos Montt nazava tsara ny fiarovan-tenany.
19Over the past month, he has repeatedly said that he can't be tried for any human rights violations because he wasn't in charge of the military's on-the-ground operations as the country's political leader.Hatramin'ny volana lasa teo, nilaza imbetsaka izy fa tsy afaka ny ho tsaraina ny amin'izao fanitsakitsahana ny zon'olombelona rehetra izao satria izy dia tsy tomponandraikitra tamin'ireo miaramila teny an-tanin'ady amin'ny maha-mpitarika ara-politikan'ny firenena.
20His lawyer has echoed these claims, telling the press recently, “We are sure that there is no responsibility, since he was never on the battlefield.”Ny mpiaro azy dia nanamafy izany filazana izany, nilaza tamin'ny filazam-baovao vao tsy ela izay,“Tena azonay antoka fa tsy misy ampahan'andraikiny amin'izany, satria tsy teny an-tanin'ady izy.”
21She goes on to explain:Nanohy nanazava toy izao izy :
22This strategy is a radical new approach in the Guatemalan context.Io paika io dia fomba iray vaovao mifanaraka amin'ny zava-misy ao Goatemala.
23Until now, the military has consistently denied that genocide was ever a part of the civil war.Mandraka androany aloha, ny miaramila dia nandà tanteraka ny hoe nisy famonoana mpiray tanindrazana tao anatin'ilay ady sivily iny.
24Even the current president, Otto Pérez Molina, said that he doesn't believe the findings of the UN truth commission, and that he could “prove that [genocide] did not occur,” during the conflict.Na dia ilay filoha amin'izao fotoana izao aza, Otto Pérez Molina, dia nilaza fa tsy mino ny filazan'ny komisionan'ny fahamarinana ao amin'ny ONU izy, ary hoe afaka mitondra “porofo izy fa [ilay famonoana ny mpiray tanindrazana] dia tsy nisy,” nandritra ilay ady.
25But Ríos Montt is now arguing not that the atrocities didn't happen, but that he is not culpable.Fa i Ríos Montt kosa ankehitriny dia milaza fa tsy hoe tsy nisy akory ny zava-doza niseho, fa izy kosa dia tsy meloka.
26While this doesn't yet amount to an open acknowledgement of genocide, it does suggest that things have changed (if slightly) since the Association for Justice and Reconciliation (AJR) first brought charges against Ríos Montt in 1999.Na dia mbola tsy tonga tany amin'ny fanekena ampahibemaso ny famonoana ny mpiray tanindrazana aza izany, maneho izany fa efa niova ny zava-drehetra (kely fotsiny) nanomboka tamin'ny nitondran'ilay “Association for Justice and Reconciliation (AJR)” Fikambanana Ho amin'ny Rariny sy ny Fampihavanana, nitondra voalohany ny fiampangàna an'i Ríos Montt tamin'ny taona 1999.
27The discovery of mass graves by the Forensic Anthropology Foundation of Guatemala (FAFG) and the tireless work of victims groups in pushing for trials - finally winning convictions for four ex-soldiers this year - has made it untenable for the military to negate the genocide outright, at least in a court of law.Ny fahitàn'ny Forensic Anthropology Foundation of Guatemala (FAFG) ny fasana faobe sy ny asa mafy ataon'ireo fikambanan'ny niharan-doza amin'ny fanosehana ny fitsarana - ary farany, ny nandreseny tamin'ny fanamelohana miaramila teo aloha miisa efatra tamin'ity taona ity - dia nahatonga ny miaramila handà ho tsy namono ny mpiray tanindrazana tsotra izao, farafaharatsiny eo anoloan'ny fitsarana.
28"Wanted.""Tadiavina.
29Mejia Victores and Rios Mont for genocide."I Mejia Victores sy Rios Mont noho ny famononana ny mpiray tanindrazana."
30Graffiti in Guatemala City.Graffiti tao an-tananan'i Goatemala.
31Photo by The Advocacy Project under an Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-ND 2.0) Creative Commons licenseSary avy amin'ny The Advocacy Project eo ambany Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-ND 2.0) Creative Commons license
32In the blog Lawyers, Guns and Money, Erik Loomis looks at what Rios Montt's trial means for Guatemala today:Tao amin'ny bilaogin'ny Lawyers, Guns and Money, na “Mpisolovava, Basy ary Vola”, i Erik Loomis dia mijery ny dikan'ilay fitsarana an'i Rios Montt ho an'ny mponina ao Guatemala ankehitriny :
33Today, Guatemala faces a new period of instability due to the expansion of drug gangs from Mexico and El Salvador into their country and its unfortunately convenient stop on the drug highway to the United States.Ankehitriny i Goatemala dia miatrika vanim-potoana vaovaon'ny tsy fahamarinan-toerana noho ny fihanak'ireo mpanondrana zava-mahadomelina avy ao Meksika sy El Salvador mankany amin'ny firenen'izy ireo, ary indrisy ny fanakanana mety tsara an'ireo làlan'ny zava-mahadomelina mankany Etazonia.
34Whereas thirty years ago, people wanted to dismantle the police force because of its horrifying repression, today people are putting hope in the police as the one thing that could stand in the way of a new generation of shocking violence.Na dia telopolo taona lasa aza izay, ny mponina dia nanao izay tsy iarahana amin'ireo hery polisy noho ny famoretan'izy ireo mahery vaika, ankehitriny ireo mponina dia mametraka indray ny fahatokisany amin'ny polisy ho toy ny zavatra tokana afaka hiatrika ny andian-kerisetra vaovao mamely.
35Forcing Ríos Montt to face trial for his crimes is not going to solve any of Guatemala's enormous problems, but it might at least force the defenders of violence in that nation to think twice about their actions.Ny fanerena an'i Ríos Montt mba hiatrika ny fitsarana noho ny heloka nataony dia tsy hamaha na dia ny iray amin'ireo olana goavana ao Goatemala aza, kanefa mety farafaharatsiny, hanery ireo mpandàla ny herisetra eto amin'ny firenena mba hieritreritra tsara alohan'ny anaovan'izy ireo zavatra.
36Mike, in Central American Politics, reports that Rios Montt was granted bail and will remain under domiciliary arrest during the trial.Mike, tao amin'ny Central American Politics, na “Politika Afovoan'i Amerika”, dia nanambara fa i Rios Montt dia nahazo fahafahana vonjimaika ary hijanona ho ambany fanaraha-maso any an-tranony mandritra ny fitsarana.
37Mike adds his opinion:I Mike dia nanampy ny heviny toy izao :
38A tremendous victory for the people of Guatemala and a continuation of what I believe has been a pretty remarkable year-plus of human rights advancement in the region.Fandresena miezinezina ho an'ireo mponina ao Goatemala ary tohin'ny zavatra ninoako ho taona miavaka mahafinaritra-miampy ny fandrosoan'ny zon'olombelona eto amin'ny faritra.
39These two events show that, without turning a blind eye to the past and the terrible atrocities that were committed during the country's civil war, Guatemala seeks to become a country where international human rights standards are respected and enforced.Ireo tranga roa ireo dia mampiseho fa, na dia tsy mitodika mijery ny lasa sy ny zava-doza nitranga nandritra ny ady sivily teo amin'ny firenena aza i Goatemala dia mikatsaka izay hahalasa azy ho firenena iray hanaja ny zon'olombelona voafaritry ny iraisam-pirenena sy hampihatra izany eo aminy.
40The fact that President Otto Perez Molina, a former Army General, has not interfered with the case and has backed the signing of the Rome Statute gives Guatemalans hope that in the near future justice will arrive earlier, before criminals are dead, or too old or too sick to face trial.Ny tsy fanelanelanan'ny Filoha Otto Perez Molina, Jeneralin'ny tafika teo aloha, tamin'ilay raharaha ary ny fanohanany ny fanaovana sonia ny “Fifanarahan'i Rôma ” dia nanome fanantenana ny mponina ao Goatemala fa amin'ny hoavy dia mba ho vita aloha ny fitsarana, alohan'ny hahafatesan'ireo mpamono olona, na haha-antitra be loatra na hampaharary be loatra azy ireo vao hiatrika fitsarana.