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1 | A Calendar of Human History, According to Uruguayan Writer Eduardo Galeano | Ny Alimanakan'ny Tantaran'ny Olombelona, Nosoratan'ilay Mpanoratra Orogoaiana Eduardo Galeano |
2 | Eduardo Galeano. | Eduardo Galeano. |
3 | Photo by Flickr user Mariela De Marchi Moyano. | Sary avy amin'ny mpisera Flickr, Mariela De Marchi Moyano. |
4 | CC BY-SA 2.0 | CC BY-SA 2.0 |
5 | This article originally appeared on TomDispatch and was republished by NACLA prior to Eduardo Galeano's death on Monday. | Navoaka voalohany tao amin'ny TomDispatch ity lahatsoratra ity ary navoakan'ny NACLA indray talohan'ny nahafatesan'i Eduardo Galeano tamin'ny Alatsinainy. |
6 | Eduardo Galeano is one of Latin America's most distinguished writers. | Iray amin'ireo mpanoratra miavaka indrindra ao Amerika Latina i Eduardo Galeano. |
7 | He is the author of Open Veins of Latin America, the Memory of Fire Trilogy, Mirrors, and many other works. | Izy no mpanoratra ny Lalandrà Misokatr'i Amerika Latinina, Tsiaron'ny tantara telon'ny afo, Fitaratra ary ny sangan'asa maro hafa. |
8 | His newest book, Children of the Days: A Calendar of Human History (Nation Books), is just out in paperback and is excerpted below. | Vao avy navoaka ho boky fanao am-paosy ny bokiny vaovao, Children of the Days: A Calendar of Human History (Zanaky ny Andro: Kalandarin'ny Tantaran'ny Zanak'Olombelona) ary ahitana sombiny eto ambany eto. |
9 | He is the recipient of many international prizes, including the first Lannan Prize for Cultural Freedom, the American Book Award, and the Casa de las Américas Prize. | Nandrombaka loka iraisam-pirenena maro izy, anisan'izany ny Loka Lannan voalohany ho an'ny Fahalalahan'ny Kolontsaina, ny Loka Boky Amerikana ary ny Loka Casa de las Américas. |
10 | Mark Fried is the translator of seven books by Eduardo Galeano, including Children of the Days. | Mark Fried no mpandika teny ireo boky fito nosoratan'i Eduardo Galeano, anisan'izany ny Zanaky ny Andro. |
11 | He is also the translator, among other works, of Firefly by Severo Sarduy. | Izy ihany koa no mpandika teny, amin'ny sangan'asa hafa, toy ny Angamenavava nosoratan'i Severo Sarduy. |
12 | He lives in Ottawa, Canada. | Monina ao Ottawa, Canada izy. |
13 | (January 15) | (15 Janoary) |
14 | In 1919 Rosa Luxemburg, the revolutionary, was murdered in Berlin. | Tamin'ny 1919, maty nisy namono tao Berlin i Rosa Luxemburg, ilay revolisionera |
15 | Her killers bludgeoned her with rifle blows and tossed her into the waters of a canal. | Novelesin'ireo mpamono azy tamin'ny vody basy izy ary natsipin'izy ireo tany anaty lakandrano avy eo. |
16 | Along the way, she lost a shoe. | Teny an-dalana, tsy hita ny ila-kirarony. |
17 | Some hand picked it up, that shoe dropped in the mud. | Nisy naka tao anaty fotaka izany ila-kiraro izany. |
18 | Rosa longed for a world where justice would not be sacrificed in the name of freedom, nor freedom sacrificed in the name of justice. | Naniry tontolom-pahalalàna tsy hanaovana sorona ny rariny izy, na fahalalahana natao sorona noho ny rariny i Rosa. |
19 | Every day, some hand picks up that banner. | Misy maka foana izany faneva (sora-baventy) izany isan'andro |
20 | Dropped in the mud, like the shoe. | Mianjera ao anaty fotaka, tahaka ilay ila-kiraro |
21 | (February 17) | (17 Febroary) |
22 | The peons on the farms of Argentina's Patagonia went out on strike against stunted wages and overgrown workdays, and the army took charge of restoring order. | Nitokona mba hanohitra ny karama variraiventy sy ny andro iasana tafahoatra ireo mpiasa ao amin'ny toeram-pambolen'i Patagonia ao Arzantina. Niditra an-tsehatra hampiverina ny filaminana ny polisy. |
23 | Executions are grueling. | Mahatrotraka ny (hamaroan'ny) famonoana. |
24 | On this night in 1922, soldiers exhausted from so much killing went to the bordello at the port of San Julián for their well-deserved reward. | Tamin'io alina io tamin'ny 1922, nandeha nankany amin'ny toeram-pivarotatena tao amin'ny seranan-tsambon'i San Juliàn hianoka ny valin'asany ireo miaramila reraka tamin'ny famonoana. |
25 | But the five women who worked there closed the door in their faces and chased them away, screaming, “You murderers! | Saingy nanakatona ny varavarana tamin'izy ireo ny vehivavy dimy niasa tao ary nandroaka azy ireo sady nihiaka hoe “Mpamono olona! |
26 | Murderers, get out of here!” | Mpamono olona, mivoaha ato! “ |
27 | Osvaldo Bayer recorded their names. They were Consuelo García, Ángela Fortunato, Amalia Rodríguez, María Juliache, and Maud Foster. | Noraisin'i Osvaldo Bayer ny anaran'izy ireo: Consuelo García, Ángela Fortunato, Amalia Rodríguez, María Juliache sy Maud Foster. |
28 | The whores. The virtuous. | Mpivaro-tena tsara fanahy. |
29 | (June 9) | (9 Jiona) |
30 | In the year 1901, Elisa Sánchez and Marcela Gracia got married in the church of Saint George in the Galician city of A Coruña. | Tamin'ny taona 1901, natao tao amin'ny fiangonana Masindahy George ao an-tanàna Galisianina tao A Coruña ny fanambadian'i Elisa Sánchez sy Marcela Gracia. |
31 | Elisa and Marcela had loved in secret. | Nifankatia niafina i Elisa sy Marcela. |
32 | To make things proper, complete with ceremony, priest, license and photograph, they had to invent a husband. | Mba hampanara-dalàna ny zava-drehetra, amin'ny lanonana, mpitondra fivavahana, fahazoan-dalana ary sary, tsy maintsy namorona lehilahy ho vady. |
33 | Elisa became Mario: she cut her hair, dressed in men's clothing, and faked a deep voice. | Nanjary Mario i Elisa: notapahany ny volony, nanao fitafin-dehilahy izy ary nanova feo ho betroka. |
34 | When the story came out, newspapers all over Spain screamed to high heaven - “this disgusting scandal, this shameless immorality” - and made use of the lamentable occasion to sell papers hand over fist, while the Church, its trust deceived, denounced the sacrilege to the police. | Rehefa nivoaka ny marina, nitabataba nanaka-danitra ny gazety rehetra manerana an'i Espaina - “zava-doza maharikoriko izany, fitondra-tena manala-baraka” - ary nanararaotra ity tranga mampalahelo ity mba handaniana ny gazetin'izy ireo, raha nitory tany amin'ny polisy kosa ny fiangonana voafitaka tao anatin'ny fahatsorany. |
35 | And the chase began. | Ary nanomboka ny hazalambo. |
36 | Elisa and Marcela fled to Portugal. | Nandositra nankany Portiogaly i Elisa sy Marcela |
37 | In Oporto they were caught and imprisoned. | Tratra sy nampidirina am-ponja tao Oporto izy ireo. |
38 | But they escaped. | Saingy afa-nandositra ry zareo. |
39 | They changed their names and took to the sea. | Nanova ny anarany ry zareo ary nandeha an-dranomasina. |
40 | In the city of Buenos Aires the trail of the fugitives went cold. | Tsy hita ny nalehan-dry zareo rehefa tao an-tanànan'i Buenos Aires. |
41 | (August 13) | (13 Aogositra) |
42 | In 1816 the government in Buenos Aires bestowed the rank of lieutenant colonel on Juana Azurduy “in virtue of her manly efforts.” | Tamin'ny taona 1816, nasondrotry ny governemanta tao Buenos Aires ho lietnà kolonely i Juana Azurduy “ho fankasitrahana ireo ezaka vitany toy ny lehilahy”. |
43 | She led the guerrillas who took Cerro Potosí from the Spaniards in the war of independence. | Nitarika ny ady anaty akata nakàna an'i Cerro Potosí tamin'ireo Espaniola nandritra ny ady hoan'ny Fahaleovantena izy. |
44 | War was men's business and women were not allowed to horn in, yet male officers could not help but admire “the virile courage of this woman.” | Raharahan-dehilahy ny ady ary tsy navela handray anjara tamin'izany ny vehivavy, saingy tsy tanan'ireo manamboninahitra lehilahy ny tsy hanome voninahitra ny herim-pon'ity vehivavy ity”. |
45 | After many miles on horseback, when the war had already killed her husband and five of her six children, Juana also lost her life. | Taorian'ny fitaingenan-tsoavaly kilaometatra maro dia maro, rehefa lavon'ny ady ny vadiny sy ny zanany dimy tamin'ireo enina, namoy ny ainy ihany koa i Juana avy eo. |
46 | She died in poverty, poor even among the poor, and was buried in a common grave. | Namoy ny ainy tanaty fahantrana izy, mahantra noho ireo mahantra, ary nalevina tamin'ny fasana iombonana. |
47 | Nearly two centuries later, the Argentine government, now led by a woman, promoted her to the rank of general, “in homage to her womanly bravery.” | Efa ho taonjato roa tatỳ aoriana, nasondrotry ny governemanta Arzantina (izay tarihin'ny vehivavy ankehitriny) ho jeneraly izy “ho fanomezam-boninahitra amin'ny maha-vehivavy mahery fo azy”. |
48 | (September 17) | (17 Septambra) |
49 | The centenary celebrations were over and all that glowing garbage was swept away. | Tapitra ny fetin'ny fahazato taona ary nofafana ireo halotoana nameno tanàna. |
50 | And the revolution began. | Nanomboka teo ny revolisiona. |
51 | History remembers the revolutionary leaders Zapata, Villa, and other he-men. | Mahatsiaro ireo mpitarika revolisionera tahaka an'i Zapata, Vila sy lehilahy hafa ny tantara. |
52 | The women, who lived in silence, went on to oblivion. | Adino kosa ireo vehivavy niaina am-pahanginana. |
53 | A few women warriors refused to be erased: | Tsy nanaiky ho voakosoka kosa ireo vehivavy mpiady vitsivitsy: |
54 | Juana Ramona, “la Tigresa,” who took several cities by assault; | Juana Ramona, “Ilay Liona Vavy,” izay nahazo tanàna maro tamin'ny fanafihana; |
55 | Carmen Vélez, “la Generala,” who commanded three hundred men; | Carmen Vélez, “Jeneraly”, izay nibaiko lehilahy 300; |
56 | Ángela Jiménez, master dynamiter, who called herself Angel Jiménez; | Ángela Jiménez, tompon'ny baomba, niantso ny tenany hoe Angel Jiménez; |
57 | Encarnación Mares, who cut her braids and reached the rank of second lieutenant hiding under the brim of her big sombrero, “so they won't see my woman's eyes”; | Encarnación Mares, izay nanapaka ny randrany ary nanjary lietnà lefitra miafina ambadiky ny satroka be sofina (sombrero), “amin'izay tsy hitan'izy ireo ny masony vehivavy”; |
58 | Amelia Robles, who had to become Amelio and who reached the rank of colonel; | Amelia Robles, izay nanjary Amelio ary nahazo ny grady kolonely; |
59 | Petra Ruiz, who became Pedro and did more shooting than anyone else to force open the gates of Mexico City; | Petra Ruiz, izay lasa Pedro ary nahavita tifitra betsaka noho ny hafa hanokafana an-katerena ny vavahadin'i Mexico City; |
60 | Rosa Bobadilla, a woman who refused to be a man and in her own name fought more than a hundred battles; | Rosa Bobadilla, vehivavy tsy nety hivadika ho lehilahy ary nandray anjara tamin'ny ady maherin'ny an-jatony tamin'ny anarany manokana; |
61 | and María Quinteras, who made a pact with the Devil and lost not a single battle. | María Quinteras, izay nanao fanekena tamin'ny devoly ary nandresy tamin'ny ady rehetra. |
62 | Men obeyed her orders. | Nankatò ireo baikony ny lehilahy. |
63 | Among them, her husband. | Anisan'izany ny vadiny. |
64 | (November 14) | (14 Novambra) |
65 | On this morning in 1889, Nellie Bly set off. | Ny marainan'io 1899 io; niainga i Nellie Bly. |
66 | Jules Verne did not believe that this pretty little woman could circle the globe by herself in less than eighty days. | Tsy nino i Jules Verne fa mahavita mitsidika irery izao tontolo izao ao anatin'ny 80 andro latsaka ity vehivavy kely mahafatifaty ity. |
67 | But Nellie put her arms around the world in seventy-two, all the while publishing article after article about what she heard and observed. | Saingy nahavita nitsidika izao tontolo izao tao anatin'ny 72 andro i Nellie, namoaka lahatsoratra hatrany mitantara izay reny sy hitany nandritra ny diany izy. |
68 | This was not the young reporter's first exploit, nor would it be the last. | Tsy asan-kerimpo voalohany an'ity tanora mpanoratra gazety ity izany, ary tsy farany ihany koa. |
69 | To write about Mexico, she became so Mexican that the startled government of Mexico deported her. | Raha manoratra momba an'i Meksika, nanao Meksikana tenany izy ka nandefa an-tsesitany azy ny governementa Meksikana raiki-tahotra. |
70 | To write about factories, she worked the assembly line. | Raha manoratra momba ireo orinasa, niasa tamin'ny fanambatambarana izy. |
71 | To write about prisons, she got herself arrested for robbery. | Raha manoratra momba ny fonja, voasambotra ho nanao fandrobana izy. |
72 | To write about mental asylums, she feigned insanity so well that the doctors declared her certifiable. | Raha manoratra momba ireo trano fandraisana marary ara-tsaina, mody nanao adala izy ka nampidirin'ireo dokotera tany amin'ny toeram-pitsaboana adala. |
73 | Then she went on to denounce the psychiatric treatments she endured, as reason enough for anyone to go crazy. | Nanameloka ireo fitsaboana ara-tsaina natao taminy izy, fa ny natao azy dia ampy hahalasa adala ny olona. |
74 | In Pittsburgh when Nellie was twenty, journalism was a man's thing. | Tao Pittsburgh, rehefa feno roapolo taona i Nellie, asan-dehilahy ny asa fanaovan-gazety. |
75 | That was when she committed the insolence of publishing her first articles. | Tamin'izany no nanaovany fahasahisahiana tafahoatra namoahany ny lahatsoratra voalohany. |
76 | Thirty years later, she published her last, dodging bullets on the front lines of World War I. | Telo taona taty aoriana, namoaka ny lahatsoratra farany izy, nidify ireo bala voalohan'ny Ady Lehibe Voalohany. |
77 | (November 25) | (25 Novambra) |
78 | In the jungle of the Upper Paraná, the prettiest butterflies survive by exhibiting themselves. | Tao amin'ny alan'i Paranà Ambony, mivelona indray amin'ny fampisehoana ny tenany ireo lolo mahafatifaty indrindra. |
79 | They display their black wings enlivened by red or yellow spots, and they flit from flower to flower without the least worry. | Mampiseho ny elany mainty misy pentina mena na mavo izy ireo, ary manidina mitety voninkazo tsy amin'ahiahy na dia kely aza. |
80 | After thousands upon thousands of years, their enemies have learned that these butterflies are poisonous. | Taorian'ny taona an'arivony maro, nahafantatra ireo fahavalony fa misy poizina ireo lolo ireo. |
81 | Spiders, wasps, lizards, flies, and bats admire them from a prudent distance. | Miala lavidavitra azy ireo ny hala, takolapanenitra, androngo, lalitra ary ny ramanavy. |
82 | On this day in 1960 three activists against the Trujillo dictatorship in the Dominican Republic were beaten and thrown off a cliff. | Tamin'izany andro izany, tamin'ny taona 1960, nodarohana ary natsipy tany anaty tevana ireo mpikatroka telo manohitra ilay mpanao didy jadona Trujillo tao amin'ny Repoblika Dominikanina. |
83 | They were the Mirabal sisters. | Mirabal mirahavavy avy. |
84 | They were the prettiest, and they were called Las Mariposas, “The Butterflies.” | Mahafatifaty indrindra ary nantsoina hoe Las Mariposas, “Ry lolo (manidina).” |
85 | In memory of them, in memory of their inedible beauty, today is International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. | Ho fahatsiarovana azy ireo, ho fahatsiarovana ny hatsara-tarehin'izy ireo, Andro iraisam-pirenena ho fanafoanana ny herisetra mihatra amin'ny vehivavy androany. |
86 | In other words, for the elimination of violence by the little Trujillos that rule in so many homes. | Na koa fanafoanana ny herisetra ataon'ireo Trujillos kely izay manjakazaka amin'ny tokantrano maro. |
87 | (December 9) | (19 Desambra) |
88 | In 1986 the Nobel Prize for medicine went to Rita Levi-Montalcini. | Azon'i Rita Levi-Montalcini ny Loka Nobel ny fitsaboana tamin'ny taona 1986. |
89 | In troubled times, during the dictatorship of Mussolini, Rita had secretly studied nerve fibers in a makeshift lab hidden in her home. | Nandritra ny vanim-potoanan'ny korontana, teo ambanin'ny didy jadon'i Mussolini, nianatra niafina momba ny ‘fibre nerveuse” tamin'ny laboratoara nafenina tao an-tranony i Rita. |
90 | Years later, after a great deal of work, this tenacious detective of the mysteries of life discovered the protein that multiplies human cells, which won her the Nobel. | Taona maro taty aoriana, taorian'ny asa goavana, nahita ny proteinina izay mampitombo ny selan'olombelona ity mpitsikilo ny misterin'ny fiainana ity, izay nahazoany ny Loka Nobel. |
91 | She was about eighty by then and she said, “My body is getting wrinkled, but not my brain. | Tokony ho valopolo taona teo izy raha nilaza hoe: “Mikentrona ny vatako, fa tsy ny atidohako. |
92 | When I can no longer think, all I'll want is help to die with dignity.” | Rehefa tsy afaka mieritreritra intsony aho, ny hany faniriako dia fanampiana ahy ho faty amim-pahamendrehana. “ |