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1London's Social Housing is Falling DownMihasimba Ny Trano Fonenana Natao Ho An'ny Besinimaro Any Londona
2An anti-gentrification protest in Brixton in 2013.Hetsika nataon'ny mpanohitra ny fanomezana ny tanàna ho an'ny manankarena, tao Brixton tamin'ny 2013.
3PHOTO: John LubbockSARY: John Lubbock
4Between 2013 and 2014 I worked as a community organiser on a social housing estate in South London. If you've never seen “First World” poverty, you probably think it's not that bad to be poor in the West.Tao anelanelan'ny taona 2013 sy 2014, niasa ho toy ny mpandrindra ny vondrom-piarahamonina taminà tranobe fonenana ho an'ny daholobe tany Atsimon'i Londona aho (Fanamarihan'ny mpandika: irony trano avobe misy efitra maro ary mahazaka fianakaviana marobe - HLM - irony no trano resahana eto) .
5London is an expensive place to live, so if you have a low-paying job, along with the housework, your job and raising however many kids you have, you have to be incredibly organised and careful with your money to be able to make all your payments and claim all the benefits to which you're entitled.Raha mbola tsy nahita velively ny fahantran'ny “Tany Voalohany” ianao, mety hieritreritra hoe tsy dia ratsy loatra akory ny mahantra any Andrefana. Tany lafo fiainana i Londona, noho izany raha manana asa kely karama ianao, miaraka amin'ny asa an-tokantrano, ny asanao sy fitaizàna ireo zanaka raha betsaka ny anao, tena mila mahay mandamina ny zavatra atao sy mitandrina tsara amin'ny volanao ianao, mba ahazoanao mandoa ireo vola tokony aloa rehetra sy mitaky ireo tombotsoa tokony ho azonao.
6The old social housing of London is falling to pieces.Miha potika tsikelikely ny trano fonenana efa antitra natao ho an'ny besinimaro any Londona.
7Since the Thatcher government encouraged renters to buy their own council houses in the 80s, the stock of social housing has fallen, and the money the government received from council house purchases was not ploughed back into building more social housing units to replace the old stock.Hatry ny nandrisihan'ny governemanta Thatcher ireo mpanofa mba hividy ireo tranony manokana an'ny filankevitra, ny taona 80, nihena ny tahirinà trano fonenana natokana ho an'ny maro, ary tsy nampiasaina tamin'ny fanamboarana trano fonenana vaovao ho an'ny daholobe mba hanoloana ilay teo efa ela ny vola azon'ny governemanta avy tamin'ny fivarotana ireo tranon'ny filankevitra.
8Since the 80s, governments have worked on the assumption that the private sector could meet this demand.Hatry ny taona 80, nametraka foana ny governemanta hoe ho afaka ny hiatrika io filàna io ny sehatra tsy miankina.
9Except that it can't.Kanefa tsy nahavita io.
10Private companies want to make a profit, and in the short term, the profit margins on social housing are tiny.Te-hahazo tombombarotra ny orinasa tsy miankina, ary amin'ny fohy ezaka, kely ny tombony azo amin'ny trano fonenana ho an'ny daholobe.
11Instead, the private rental sector has boomed, and the government's housing benefit bill has shot up.Ny nisy aza, nirongatra be ny sehatra fampanofana trano ataon'ny tsy miankina, ary niakatra avo be ny tombony amin'ny lazam-bidin'ny fanomezana trano fonenana an'ny governemanta.
12Instead of housing these people themselves, as the government used to, it is now channeling money into the hands of landlords.Raha tokony hoe nomena trano fonenana ho azy ireo manokana ny olona, araka ny fanaon'ny governemanta, dia any an-tànan'ireo tompontrano indray izao ny vola no atolony.
13Some of the politicians who have supported these policies are large private landlords themselves.Tomponà trano manokana lehibe moa ny ankamaroan'ireo mpanao politika nanohana ireo politika ireo.
14Across London, the cost of living is rising, especially for renters, and many are sinking beneath the poverty line, unable to keep up.Manerana an'i Londona, mihamitombo hatrany ny vidim-piainana, indrindra ho an'ireo mpanofa trano, ary maro ireo mila hilatsaka hidina ambanin'ny fetran'ny fahantrana, tsy afa-manaraka.
15This has been exacerbated by the Bedroom Tax, which cuts 25% of a social housing tenant's housing benefit if they have two or more unoccupied rooms.Vao mainka nampian'ilay Hetranà Efitra Fandriana indray io, izay manapaka ny 25% an'ny tombony ho an'ny tompon'ny trano fonenana natokana ho an'ny daholobe, raha manana efitra roa na mahery tsy ampiasaina izy.
16At one public meeting I went to at Brixton Town Hall, one woman related that she had her benefits cut after she was diagnosed with terminal cancer, all because her daughter left to go to university and she now had a spare room.Nandeha tany amin'ny “Brixton Town Hall” (Trano Malalaky ny Tanànan'i Brixton) aho tamin'ny fivoriana azo natrehan'ny daholobe, nisy vehivavy iray nilaza fa tapaka ny tombony ho azy, taorian'ny nahafantarana azy ho miaina miaraka amin'ny homamiadana efa tonga amin'ny dingana farany, izany rehetra izany satria niala tao ny zanany vavy mba handeha ho any amin'ny anjerimanontolo, ary manana efitra iray malalaka izy izao.
17Her housing association was offering her new accommodation in a city hours away from London.Nanome azy toerana vaovao, any amin'ny ora maromaro miala an'i Londona ny fikambanana nampiantrano azy.
18This is happening all across London, in a move people are referring to as “social cleansing“.Miseho manerana an'i Londona izany, milaza ny fisian'ny “fanadiovana ny fiarahamonina” ny olona ao anatin'ilay fanesorana.
19As money flows into areas close to central London, those on low incomes are pushed out as rich investors buy up properties in those districts-many as a kind of “international reserve currency” through which they launder illegal money.Satria mandeha be ny fivezivezen'ny vola ao amin'ireo faritra manakaiky an'i Londona, voatosika eny ivelany ireo kely karama, satria mividy lafo ny toerana amin'ireo faritra ireo ny mpanambola - ny maro sahala amin'ny “vola tahiry iraisam-pirenena” izay hamotsian'izy ireo ny vola tsy ara-dalàna.
20This problem is widely acknowledged, with dodgy foreign government officials from dictatorships across the world sinking their ill gotten gains into huge property portfolios, many of which sit empty.Fantatry ny be sy ny maro io olana io, miaraka amin'ireo tomponandraikim-panjakana avy amin'ny governemanta any ivelany, mampiahiahy, avy amin'ny fitondrana jadona manerana ny tany, manafina ireo vola azony tamin'ny makarakara ho ao anatin'ny fananany trano lehibe, ny maro amin'ireo babangoana tsy misy mipetraka.
21The damp walls of a flat in Clapham Park Estate, South London.Ireo rindrina mando an'ny trano fonenana iray any Clapham Park Estate, Atsimon'i Londona.
22PHOTO: John LubbockSARY: John Lubbock
23Much of the anger at the consequences of gentrification is aimed at local councils.Miantefa amin'ireo filankevitra eo an-toerana ny ankamaroan'ireo hatezerana amin'ny fanomezana ny tanàna ho an'ny manankarena.
24This has frustrated councillors I have spoken to who believe that this anger is misplaced.Nampikorontan-tsaina ireo mpanolontsaina niresahako io, izy ireo izay mino fa ratsy fipetraka ny fahatezerana.
25Cash-strapped councils must make tough choices, they say.Tsy maintsy manao safidy sarotra ireo mpanolontsaina tsy manam-bola intsony, hoy izy ireo.
26And in the absence of any mechanism for rent controls, there is little that councillors can do when an area becomes desirable and private renting costs start to spiral.Ary raha tsy misy fomba fiasa hamehezana ny hofantrano, kely ihany ny zavatra afaka ataon'ireo mpanolontsaina raha lasa tsiriritin'ny olona kokoa ilay toerana ary manomboka mitangolika hatrany ireo vola mivoaka amin'ny fampanofàna tranon'ny tsy miankina.
27It's not surprising therefore, that the Trussel Trust, which helps manage a network of about 1,300 foodbanks across the UK (which they estimate to be around 40% of the UK's food bank total) have seen a massive rise in the numbers of people using them.Tsy mahagaga izany raha nahitana fitomboany be ny isan'ireo mpampiasa ny Trussel Trust, izay manampy amin'ny fitantanana tambajotranà bankin-tsakafo eo ho eo amin'ny 1.300 manerana qn'i Angletera (izay vinavinain'izy ireo ho manodidina ny 40% amin'ny fitambaran'ny bankin-tsakafon'i Angletera).
28According to Trussel, the total number of uses of the foodbanks they support increased from 25,899 in 2008-9 to over 1 million in 2014-15.Araka ny Trussel, 25.899 ny totalin'isan'ny mpampiasa ny bankin-tsakafo tohanany ny taona 2008-9 ka nitombo ho maherin'ny 1 tapitrisa ny taona 2014-15.
29Now, energy company nPower is working with the Trussel Trust to provide vouchers to people living in fuel poverty so they can heat their houses in the winter.Ankehitriny, miaraka miasa amin'ny Trust Trussel ny orinasan'angovo nPower mba hanome tapakila ho an'ireo olona izay tsy mahatakatra solika, amin'izay izy ireo afaka manafàna ny tranony amin'ny rininina.
30Trials of fuel banks have so far helped around 750 people who have already been referred to foodbanks.Nanampy olona manodidina ny 750 isa eo ilay fanandramana ny bankin-tsolika hatreto, izy ireo izay efa nahazo fanampiana bankin-tsakafo.
31NPower sees this initiative as part of its corporate responsibility and Energy Company Obligation, under which it spent £65 million last winter on improvements to insulation and boiler repair.Hitan'ny NPower ho ampahany amin'ny andraikiny izany zavatra ataony izany, ary Adidin'ny Orinasan'Angovo, izay nandaniany 65 tapitrisa £ tamin'ny ririnina lasa teo tamin'ny fanatsaràna ny fanefena (isolation) sy fanamboarana ny mpanome hafanàna.
32However, this assistance is only available to private renters or homeowners.Kanefa, natokana ho an'ireo mpanofa na tompon-trano tsy miankina ihany io fanohanana io.
33I saw for myself how fuel poverty affects many living in social housing because of the high cost of heating apartments with no insulation.Hitako mihitsy anefa ny fomba fiatraikan'ny fahantrana ara-tsolika ho an'ireo olona maro miaina amin'ny trano fonenana natokana ho an'ny fiarahamonina, noho ny fahalafosan'ny fanafanàna trano izay tsy misy fanefena akory.
34Often the private housing association wants to demolish old blocks to build new apartments, some of which could be sold as ‘buy-to-let' in order to subsidise the low-cost units they are obligated to provide.Matetika tian'ny fikambanan'ny trano tsy miankina ho simbaina ireo tranobe efa antitra mba hanamboarana tranobe vaovao, izay ny sasany amin'izy ireny tokony ho varotana sahala ny ‘but-to-let' (vidoana dia avela hipetrahan'ilay mpanofa ihany) mba hanampiana ireo rantsany tsy dia andaniana vola nefa tsy maintsy omeny.
35Tenants are left for years not knowing if or when their houses will be demolished, or if they will be adequately re-housed.Aman-taonany no mijanona eo ireo mpanofa, tsy mahalala raha ho potehana ihany ny tranony ary rahoviana, na hoe ho voafindra tsara amin'ny trano hafa izy ireo.
36Housing, food, and fuel insecurity all go together, making the lives of those living in poverty unbearable.Tafaraka daholo ny tsy fandriampahalemana, ny resaka trano fonenana, sakafo, ary ny solika, izay mahatonga ny fiainan'ireo ao anatin'ny fahantrana ho sarotra zakaina.
37Adrian Curtis, the Foodbank Network Director of the Trussel Trust says that his organisation's goal is not “to replace the welfare system,” and that the Trust seeks to influence policy only through its publication of data on food bank usage.Adrian Curtis, Talen'ny Tambajotra Bankni-tsakafo an'ny Trussel Trust, milaza fa tsy ny hanolo ny “fomba fiasan'ny fiarovana ara-tsosialy” akory no tanjon'ny fikambanana, ary mikendry fotsiny ny mba hisian'ny fiovàna eo amin'ny politika ny Trust amin'ny famborahana ny angon-drakitra momba ny fampiasàna ny bankin-tsakafo.
38But whether the new Tory government is able to identify, let alone tackle the root causes of poverty is highly debatable.Fa afaka resahana tsara mihitsy koa hoe ho afaka hijery na hiady mihitsy amin'ireo anton'ny mahatonga ny fahantrana ve ity governemanta vaovao Mitana ny fomba fanao hatrizay ity.
39Their current policy is to continue selling off social housing and hope that private companies will build more “affordable housing”, which can cost up to 80% of market rate.Ny manohy ny tsy fanajanonana ny fivarotana ny trano natokana ho an'ny daholobe izao no politikany amin'izao fotoana izao, ary manantena fa hanorina “trano fonenana moramora kokoa” vaovao ireo orinasa tsy miankina, izay mety ho 80% an'ny vidiny eo amin'ny tsena.
40But this would not help a lot of people who live in poor-quality housing.Tsy hanampy loatra ireo olona mipetraka amin'ny trano ratsy kalitao anefa izany.
41Tony Blair's New Labour government pledged a “Decent Homes” standard, which required local authorities to make sure all their social housing met minimum levels by 2010.Nampanantena fenitra “Trano Fonenana Mahafapo” ny governemantan'ny New Labour tantanan'i Tony Blair, izay nangataka ireo manampahefana eo an-toerana mba ho hentitra hoe hahatratra ny fenitra ambany indrindra takiana ny trano rehetra natao ho an'ny daholobe hatramin'ny taona 2010.
42This promise was never realised.Tsy tanteraka mihitsy anefa izany fampanantenana izany.
43If successive governments had bothered to invest in low-cost housing, there wouldn't be so many people on low incomes who are struggling to pay rent.Raha samy nanokana vola mba hanamboarana trano fonenana amin'ny sarany ambany daholo ireo governemanta nifanesy teo, tsy nisy mihitsy ireo olona maro kely karama sy sahirana amin'ny fandoavana hofantrano ireo.
44London is now such an expensive place to live, it might as well be an amusement park for oligarchs with signs warning, “You must be this rich to enter”.Toerana lafo fiainana izao i Londona raha ipetrahana, mety hoe toerana fanaovana fialamboly natokana ho an'ireo olona ambony io, miaraka amin'ny takelaka fampitandremana hoe “Tsy maintsy ilay manankarena ianao raha hiditra”.