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1Myanmar ‘Cartoonists Have Been on the Side of the People’Mpanao Sariitatra ao Myanmar Manakaiky Ny Vahoaka
2Cartoonists Maung Maung Aung and Win Aung discuss the Burmese cartoon tradition with Irrawaddy editor Aye Chan MyaeMifanakalo hevitra mikasika ny sariitatra nentin-drazana Birmana, miaraka amin'i Aye Chan Myae tonian-dahatsoratry ny Irrawaddy ny mpanao sariitatra, Maung Maung Aung sy Win Aung.
3This edited article is from The Irrawaddy, an independent news site in Myanmar, and is republished on Global Voices as part of a content-sharing agreement.Ity lahatsoratra navoaka ity dia avy amin'ny The Irrawaddy, tranonkala firay ampahalalam-baovao tsy miankina ao Myanmar, ary naverina navoaka eto amin'ny Global Voices ho ampahany amin'ny fifanarahana mifampizara votoaty.
4Cartoonists Maung Maung Aung and Win Aung were interviewed by Irrawaddy editor Aye Chan Myae about the relationship between cartoons and journalism.Nanontanian'ny tonian-dahatsoratry ny Irrawaddy, Aye Chan Myae, mikasika ny fifandraisana misy eo amin'ireo sariitatra sy ny asa fanaovana gazety ireo mpanao sariitatra, Maung Maung Aung sy Win Aung.
5Aye Chan Myae: This year marks the centenary of the introduction of cartoons into Myanmar.Aye Chan Myae: Manamarika ny faha zato-taonan'ny nampidirana ny sariitatra tao Myanmar ity taona ity.
6Cartoonists have gone through various experiences in that time.Nandalo karazana andrana maro ireo mpanao sariitatra tamin'izany fotoana izany.
7U Win Aung (U is a term of respect used to address men in a senior position or rank in Myanmar), what is your view on the experiences of cartoonists in political, social and economic aspects in 100 years?U Win Aung (ny U dia fomba iray hilazana fanajàna atolotra ireo lehilahy manana toerana na laharana ambony any Myanmar), ahoana no fijerinao ny zavatra iainan'ireo mpanao sariitatra ny endrika ara-politika, sosialy ary ara-toe-karena tao anatin'ny 100 taona?
8Win Aung: I don't see Burmese cartoons having a smooth history in the later period of this timeframe.Win Aung:Tsy mbola nahita ireo sariitatra Birmana ho nanana tantara malefaka aho taorian'io fe-potoana faramparany io.
9Burmese cartoons have a good origin story.Manana tantara tsara nihaviany ireo sariitatra Birmana.
10Sayagyi Shwetalay started his cartoon work in the period of the independence struggle.Nanomboka ny asa sariitatra nataony i Sayagyi Shwetalay nandritry ny tolona ho an'ny fahaleovantena.
11Though Burma was at that time under colonial rule, there was a certain degree of freedom of expression.Na dia mbola tao anatin'ny fitondrana fanjanahantany aza i Burma tamin'izany, nahitàna kely ny fahafahana maneho hevitra ihany.
12Burma then regained its independence, and in the time of Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, there was also freedom of expression.Avy eo niverina nahazo ny fahaleovantenany i Burma, ary nandritra ny vanim-potoanan'ny Ligin'ny Fahalalaham-Bahoaka Manohitra ny Fasista, nisy ihany koa fahafahana maneho hevitra.
13The most striking example is cartoons of Saya U Ba Gyan, and taking at look at them, one can know (that there was freedom of expression).Ny ohatra tena mahavariana indrindra dia ireo sariitatr'i Saya U Ba Gyan, ary ny raha mijery azy ireo, azon'ny olona fantarina (fa nisy fahafahana maneho hevitra tao).
14Then there came the caretaker government, then the Revolutionary Council, and finally one-party dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP).Avy eo nisy ny fitondrana tetezamita, ny Filankevitra Revolisionera, ary farany ny jadon'ny antoko tokana teo ambany fitondran'ny Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP).
15Then, the degree of freedom of expression cartoonists had enjoyed gradually decreased.Avy eo, nihena tsikelikely ny lanjan'ny fahalalahana naneho hevitra tamin'ny sariitatra.
16Cartoonists had fewer things to draw cartoons about.Vitsy ireo zavatra azon'ny mpanao sariitatra arafitra mba ho tantara an-tsary.
17Aye Chan Myae: U Maung, would you tell me about the situation of cartoonists and their freedom of expression in this age?Aye Chan Myae: U Maung, afaka lazainao ahy ve ny mikasika ny fiaimpiainan'ireo mpanao sariitatra sy ny fahafahana maneho hevitra amin'izao fotoana izao?
18Maung Maung Aung: I have now written cartoons for around 45 years.Maung Maung Aung: Efa ho 45 taona izao no nanoratako ireo sariitatra.
19In these 45 years, cartoonists have been on the side of the people, reflecting the economic, social and political situations of the country.Nandritra io 45 taona io, nanakaiky ny vahoaka ireo mpanao sariitatra, nitarafana ny toekarena, sosialy ary ireo toe-draharaha ara-politikan'ny firenena.
20Now, it seems that we get somewhat more freedom after years of restriction.Ankehitriny, tahaka ny mahazo fahalalahana bebe kokoa izahay taorinan'ireo taonan'ny fameperana.
21So, more people are drawing cartoons.Vokatr'izany, maro ireo olona no nanao sariitatra.
22There are two types of cartoonist.Misy karazany roa ny mpanao sariitatra.
23The first are cartoonists who takes the art form as his life and the second are opportunistic cartoonists.Ny voalohany dia ireo mpanao sariitatra maka ny endrika kanto ho toy ny fiainany ary ny faharoa kosa dia ireo mpanao sariitatra manararaotra ny zava-misy.
24There has been some impact on those who have continuously engaged in cartoon art with deep faith.Nisy ny fiantraikany tamin'ireo izay nanohy nirona tamin'ny zavakanton'ny sariitatra narahana finoana lalina.
25There is an unwritten code of conduct among cartoonists, according to what we have learnt from our seniors.Misy ny fitsipi-pitondrantena tsy an-tsoratra fa arahina eo amin'ireo mpanao sariitatra, araka izay notovozinay tamin'ireo zokiolona.
26Previously, there were prohibitions on things such as mocking the poor and the disabled and making personal attacks.Taloha, nisy ireo zavatra noraràna sahala amin'ny fanesoana ny mahantra sy ny kilemaina ary ny fanafihana olona manokana.
27It is more important (not to do such things) in this democratic era.Manan-danja kokoa (ny tsy fanaovana zavatra tahka izany) ao anatin'ity vanimpotoanan'ny demokrasia ity.
28To an artist, democracy is like a double-edged sword.Ho an'ny mpanakanto iray, ny demokrasia dia toy ny sabatra roa lela.
29While it can be used to stab others, it can also hurt the artist.Raha azo ampiasaina hanindronana ireo hafa izy, mety handratra ilay mpanakanto ihany koa.
30So, it is not true that cartoonists can draw as they please.Noho izany, tsy marina fa hoe afaka manao sary araka izay tiany ireo mpanao sariitatra.
31They will have to take responsibility for their actions when the law of democracy flourishes for some time.Tsy maintsy tompon'andraikitra amin'ny asany izy ireo rehefa nivelatra nandritra ny fotoana fohy ny lalànan'ny demokrasia.
32Aye Chan Myae: What do you think of ethics among cartoonists, U Win Aung?Aye Chan Myae: Ahoana ny eritreritrao mikasika ireo etika ho an'ireo mpanao sariitatra ry U Win Aung?
33Win Aung: Mainly, what is important for a cartoonist is his faith.Win Aung: Indrindra indrindra, izay tena manan-danja ho an'ny mpanao sariitatra dia ny finoany.
34Cartoonists should make sure their creations reflect the life of people.Tsy maintsy iantohan'ireo mpanao sariitatra hoe maneho taratra ny fiainan'ny vahoaka ireo zavatra noforoniny.
35Many say that cartoonists or journalists should not be biased, but must be neutral.Maro no milaza fa ireo mpanao sariitatra na ireo mpanao gazety dia tsy tokony hitanila, fa tsy maintsy ho tsy miandany.
36It is wrong.Diso izany.
37They should have bias.Tsy maintsy manana fitongilanana izy ireo.
38They must.Tsy maintsy.
39By bias, I don't mean prejudice.Amin'ny hoe fitongilanana, tsy hoe fitsarana an-tendrony no lazaiko.
40If one side is right and another is wrong, which side they would stand for?Rehefa marina ny lafiny iray ary ny iray kosa diso, iza amin'ireo lafiny ireo no hijoroany?
41Of those who oppress and those who are oppressed, which side they would stand for?Amin'ireo izay mampijaly sy izay nampijaliana, lafiny aiza amin'ireo no ijoroany?
42They have to take a position.Tsy maintsy misafidy toerana iray izy ireo.
43If a cartoonist has adopted a firm position and are to draw cartoons from that position, they have to think about ethics.Raha misafidy tsangan-kevitra iray matotra ny mpanao sariitatra sady manao sariitatra avy amin'io tsangan-kevitra io, tsy maintsy mieritreritra ny etika.
44For example, if the political system is bad, we can draw things about those who create that system, but we are not supposed to draw things about the personal lives of the creators of that system.Ohatra, raha toa ka ratsy ny rafitra politika, afaka manao sarin-javatra mikasika iireo izay namorona io rafitra io izahay, saingy tsy tokony haneho an-tsary ireo tantaram-piainana manokan'ny olona namorna ilay rafitra izahay.