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1 | Inside the 2013 Central African Republic Crisis | Ireo Fototry Ny Olana Ankehitriny Ao Amin'ny Repoblikan'i Centrafrique |
2 | [Update: President Bozizé has left the Central African Republic (CAR) and is now in Cameroon] | |
3 | [All links forward to french articles unless otherwise stated] | [Fanavaozam-baovao: Tahaka ny hoe nandositra ny Lapam-panjakana ny filohe Bozizé.] |
4 | As rebel leader Michel Djotodia solidifies his control as the new Central African Republic President [en] and the rebel coalition of Séléka announce their control of capital city Bangui, it is important to understand why the failure of the January 2013 Libreville peace deal [en] between the rebels and then-President Francois Bozize, was predictable. | Raha nanambara fidirany tao Bangui renivohitra ireo ireo mpihoko avy amin'ny Séléka io sabotsy 23/03 io, ndeha hoezahantsika takarina ny antony ahafahana nilaza fa efa voavinavina ny hampandamoka ny fifanarahana tao Libreville. Ny fifanarahana hisian'ny filaminana, nosoniavina tao Libreville tamin'ny 2008, dia nanambara fa tokony handray anjara amin'ny governemanta vaovao ny mpanohitra nanao sonia azy io. |
5 | The original Libreville peace deal, as signed in 2008, stipulated that the opposition that signed the deal would participate in the governing body. | Ny 2012 anefa dia niverina nandray fiadiana ireo mpihoko ary naka tanàna maro ho eo ambany fifehezany. |
6 | As the Séléka rebels broke the original deal and advanced towards Bangui, France declined François Bozizé's request for army assistance last December to halt the rebels' advance. This, in turn, forced the Central African President to sign the new Libreville agreements which now imposed a prime minister from the political opposition in a newly formed government. | Nolavin'ny filoha François Hollande ny hanome tohana ara-miaramila frantsay nangatahan'i François Bozizé mba hanakànana ireo mpihokon'ny Séléka tamin'ny Desambra lasa teo, ary novaliany fa « efa lasa» ny fotoanan'ny fanampiana tahaka izany, izay nanosika ny filoha ‘Centrafricain' hanao sonia ireo fifanarahana tany Libreville nanery azy tamin'ity indray mitoraka ity handray praiminisitra avy amin'ny mpanohitra. |
7 | This new government had little chance to succeed because of several shortcomings: one of them is that multiple ministry positions were created to dilute the effective power of the prime minister, another reason is that the rest of the items on the agreement were not followed through (freeing of political prisoners and new census for the electoral lists). | Kely ny vintana hahatafita io governemanta io, noho ny antony maro : iray amin'ireny antony ireny ny hamaroan'ireo toerana maro noforonina tany anaty ministera mba hahafahana manozongozona ny fahefan'ny praiminisitra; ny iray hafa dia tsy nisy voahaja ny ambin'ireo fifanarahana tany Libreville. Hatramin'ny nanaovana sonia io fifanarahana io, ny tafika avy any Tcahd manohana an'i François Bozizé dia tao Mali, nisy andiam-pihoko nitetika ny hiverina indray amin'ny ady mitam-piadiana amin'i Idriss Déby [ity farany izay tonga teo amin'ny fitndrana tamin'ny alàlan'ny fihokoana ihany koa]. |
8 | Furthermore, since the signing of the Libreville agreement, the army of pro-Bozizé neighbouring Chad, has been fighting Islamist groups in Mali. | |
9 | Chad and its army has long been an instrumental ally for Bozizé [en] in reaching power and controlling the rebellion. | Antso vitsy lasa izay, ny 16 martsa, noroahana hiala an'i Tchad ilay mpanohitra, Jean-Jacques Demafouth, toerana izay nialokalofany, nalefa anyy Centrafrique. |
10 | But Chad's commitment in Mali, stirred another rebellion against Chadian president Idriss Déby himself which wants to remove him from power. | Tao anatin'io toe-draharaha io ny Séléka no nametraka lisitra iray miaty fitakiana iraikambinifolo tamin'ny filoha Bozizé, no sady nàka tanàna maro. |
11 | It became impossible for Chad to provide further support to Bozizé's army and weakened his grasp on power tremendously. | Manambara ny fidirany ao Bangui renivohitra ry zareo io Sabotsy io. Mangataka fivoriana maika ao amin'ny ONU ny governemanta frantsay. |
12 | With this context in mind, let's look at the state of the CAR as the coalition of Séléka submitted a list of eleven demands to President Bozizé while regaining control of several cities. | |
13 | The French government then called for an emergency meeting at the UN. | Mihoko any amin'ny République centrafricaine nalaina taoamin'ny wikipedia CC-BY-2. |
14 | Rebels in Central African Republic via wikipedia CC-BY-2. | 0 Mampahafantatra antsika i Francis Laloupou ao amin'ny blaoginy “Centrafrique, Etat zéro” : |
15 | 0 On his blog, Francis Laloupou writes about the challenging birth of a nation in his post Centrafrique, Etat zéro ( translation: Central African Republic, Ground Zero) : The first president of the CAR, Barthélémy Boganda, died in 1959, a few months after his election. | Ny filoha voalohany tao Centrafrique, Barthélémy Boganda, maty tamin'ny 1959, volana vitsy monja taorian'ny naha-voafidy azy … tanaty fijery manao dingan-dava … dia naminavina fomba iray hahafahana misoroka ny fivenjivenjen'ny fireneny efa tsinjony mialoha, tamin'ny fitlomana, indrisy tsy nisy vokany, hanangàna Fanjakàna Tokana Ao Afrika Afovoany ka ho isan'izany i Centrafrique, i Cameroun, i Congo sy Gabon. |
16 | He had a vision. He imagined a way to prevent the predictable mishaps of his young country. | Mampalahelo azy indrindra indrindra ny tantaran'ny ady fahefana nifanaovan'ireo mpitarika tsy alehany : |
17 | He tried in vain to create a single Central African state that would encompasse CAR, Cameron, Congo and Gabon. | … i Centrafrique ihany no niketrika , teo imason'izao tontolo izao, ny seho an-tsehatry ny fikororosiny tsy azony nihodivirana. |
18 | He particularly deplores a history of power struggle between incompetent leaders: … The CAR has displayed in the eyes of the world a show of its inexorable decline. | Fitontonganana faran'izay tsy takatry ny saina, vokatry ny nataon'ireo fitondràna mpanimba zavatra no sady tsy manana izay kely indrindra amin'ny fahaiza-miaina. |
19 | A frightening descent into the abyss, orchestrated by regimes as deficient as cartoonish. … Bokassa, the self-proclaimed emperor, got the silent approval for his self-proclamation from his hunting companion french president then Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, before being overthrown in 1979 with a push from the same companion the latter. | … Bokassa nanadra-tena ho amperora niaraka tamin'ny fanampian'ilay namana tsy mahafoy azy Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, talohan'ny nanonganan'ity farany azy tamin'ny 1979 … Mba hisorohana ny fahabangan-toerana eo amin'ny fitondràna, efa nikarakara tsara ny hanomana toerana ho an'i David Dacko ny tao amin'ny Elysée, tao anatin'ny iray tamin'ireo fiaramanidiny mpitatitra miaramila nankany Bangui handray anjara amin'ilay bemidina « Barracuda ». |
20 | Indeed, in order to avoid a power vacuum, the french president has arranged for mister David Dacko to take over. In fact, he was in one of the aircraft carrying troops to Bangui during operation « Barracuda ». | Efa nitsakoahana sahady ny tantara tao Centrafrique : napetrak'i Giscard d'Estaing ho eo amin'ny fitondràna, ho amin'ny toerana hisolo an'i Bokassa, i David Dacko, izy izay filoha fahiny ihany koa, naongan'i Bokassa tamin'ny 1965. |
21 | History was already repeating itself in CAR: Giscard d'Estaing put David Dacko back in power instead of Bokassa; Backo was the former head of state who was overthrown in 1965 by, you guessed it, Bokassa. | |
22 | Two years later, in 1981, David Dacko who was not the sharpest knife in the drawer, fell victim of a new coup by General André Kolingba … | Roa taona taorian'izay, tamin'ny 1981, David Dacko, izay tsy mba nahay fetsifetsy, dia hiharan'ny fanonganana iray vaovao hitondra ny jeneraly André Kolingba ho eo amin'ny fitondràna… |
23 | Later on, Laponou argues that elections in CAR were “democratic” only in name : | Manamarika ireo fifidianana demaokratika izay anarany fotsiny ihany koa izy : |
24 | In 1993, CAR, like many other African countries, opted for a multi-party system, and Ange-Félix Patassé came to power after “democratic” elections. | Tamin'ny 1993, i Centrafrique, toy ireo firenena afrikana maro, dia nisafidy ny fisian'antoko maro, ary tonga teo amin'ny fitondràna i Ange-Félix Patassé taorian'ny fifidianana « demaokratika ». |
25 | Sylvain Andzongo explains how many African leaders live in fear of being overhrown. | Manohy ihany isika amin'ny lahatsoratra BOZIZÉ, DEBY, SASSOU, OBIANG: Des putschistes dans la hantise d'être victimes de putsch (…mpanongana matahotra ny hiharan'ny fanonganana): |
26 | He writes in a post BOZIZÉ, DEBY, SASSOU, OBIANG: Des putschistes dans la hantise d'être victimes de putsch (Bozize, Deby, Sassou and Obiang: the putchists who fear of becoming victims of coups): | |
27 | March 15, 2003, while his ex-companion Ange Félix Patassé is in holiday in Niger, Mr.Bozizé returned from exile and seized Bangui without resistance. | Ny 15 martsa 2003, raha mbola nanao fivahinianana tany Niger ny mpiara-dia fahiny, Ange Félix Patassé, niverina avy any an-tsesitany i M. |
28 | Joseph Akouissone highlights an important point in his blog post: Centrafrique: Annus Horribilis: | Bozizé ary nàka an'i Bangui tamin'ny fomba tsy nanano-sarotra. |
29 | François Bozizé seized power in CAR with the decisive help of the Chad government. | Fanamarihana goavana ao anatin'ny CENTRAFRIQUE : ANNUS HORRIBILIS (PAR JOSEPH AKOUISSONNE) : |
30 | Ever since, Central African Republic lives under the guardianship of Idriss Déby, president of Chad. | Niaraka tamin'ny fanampian'ny governemanta Tchadiana no nahazoan'i François Bozizé ny fitondràna tany Centrafrique. |
31 | François Bozizé remained in power for the next ten years. | Hatreo, niaina teo ambany fiahian'i Idriss Déby Filohan'i Tchad ny Repoblikan'i Centrafrique. |
32 | Centrafrique-presse argues in the post: Mine de rien, le soudard Bozizé fête ce 15 mars 2013, le 10ème triste anniversaire de son coup d'état (Without much ado, former soldier Bozize has now celebrated on March 15, 2013 the 10th anniversary of his sad military coup): | Efa 10 taona izany izao i François Bozizé no teo amin'ny fitondràna araka ny tsindrian'ny mpanoratra ity lahatsoratra ity: Mine de rien, le soudard Bozizé fête ce 15 mars 2013, le 10ème triste anniversaire de son coup d'état (Sahala amin'ny tsynisy na inona na inona, mankalaza ny faha-10 taona mampalahelon'ny fanonganam-panjakàna nataony amin'ity 15 Martsa 2013 ity ilay miaramila mahery setra Bozizé) : |
33 | At first he claimed that it (the coup) was just to keep the country safe … By then, he has organized two fraudulent elections in 2005 and 2011 that he claimed to have won and prepares to seek a third term in 2016, although Séléka rebellion has shaken up his power… In ten years of running the country, Bozizé has turned CAR upside down and the country is ablaze. | Tany am-boalohany izy nihambo fa hoe hamerina fotsiny ny ara-dalàna eo amin'ny firenena no nanaovany izany … Teny an-tsefantsefany teny, nikarakara sarintsarim-pifidianana roa izy tamin'ny 2005, avy eo tamin'ny 2011, izay nihamboany ho izy no nahazo azy ary miomana ny hahazo fitondràna fanintelony aorian'ny 2016 tamin'ny fotoana nahatongavan'ny fihokoan'ny Séléka nampitsingatotra ny fitondràny tamin'ny Desambra lasa teo… Tanatin'ny folo tana nitantànana ny firenena, nataon'i Bozizé ambony ambany i RCA ; rotiky ny ady i RCA. |
34 | There is no more state, no army, not enough food and nearly no more country. | Tsy misy fanjakàna intsony, tsy misy tafika tsy misy sakafo, azo lazaina ho tsy misy intsony firenena aza. |
35 | Misery and poverty are the daily ongoings of the country's children. | Sakafo iainana isanandro ny fahantrana sy tsy fisiana ho an'ny vahoaka. |
36 | The land is being fleeced and butchered by foreign armies from Uganda, Sudan, Chad, South Africa … | Ireo andian'olono mitam-piadiana avy any ivelany, ogandey, sodaney, tchadiana, afrikana tatsimo no manapka sy mitsinjara ny faritry ny tany … |
37 | The civilian population remains the victim of this conflict. | Ny vahoaka sivily hatrany no mizàka mandrakariva ny vokatr'io fifandirana io. |
38 | This Red Cross video presents the growing insecurities in the country: | Ity lahatsary ity, an'ny vokovoko mena, dia maneho ireo olana ara-pandriampahalemana misonga hatrany ao amin'ny firenena : |