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1 | Russia: Moscow's Modern Muslim Experience – In Context | Rosia: Ny Fiainan'ny Silamo Ankehitriny Ao Mosko – Ny Zava-misy |
2 | Moscow's growing Muslim population exemplifies the modern experience of Russia's ethnic and religious minorities amid the backdrop of historical events that have molded the Russian perception of outsiders and thus influence modern societal and governmental policies towards them. | Ny fitomboan'ny mponina silamo ao Mosko dia maneho ny lalana izoran'ny foko sy finoana Rosiana eo anivon'ny tantara sy zava-nisy izay nanova ny fijerin'ny Rosiana sy ny fandraisany ny vahiny, izay namolavola ny fomba teo amin'ny fiarahamoniny sy ny politikan'ny governemantany ankehitriny momba azy ireny. |
3 | Founded in the 9th century, Novgorod is home to one of the country's most sacred sites - a monument entitled, “1,000 Years of Russia.” | Natsangana tamin'ny taonjato faha-9, Novgorod dia mampiantrano iray amin'ireo toerana masina indrindra ao amin'ny firenena - toerana iray atao hoe “1000 taonan'i Rosia“. |
4 | During WWII, the city fell to Hitler's armies and plans were made to dissemble the monument and haul it back to Germany, before the Soviet Army triumphantly retook Novgorod in 1944. | Nandritra ny Ady Lehibe faharoa dia nilatsaka teo an-tànan'i miaramilan'i Hitler ny tanàna ka nisy ny tetika handrava ilay sarivongana sy hitondra izany hiverina ho any Alemàna, talohan'ny nahazoan'ny tafika Sovietika an'i Novgorod indray tamin'ny 1944. |
5 | Millennium of Russia Monument in Novgorod. | Sarivongan'ny taonarivo ao Novgorod. |
6 | Photo: Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0). | Sary: Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0). |
7 | Centuries before Nazi Germany, Mongol armies occupied Russia for over 200 years, until Ivan III (“The Great”) denied Khan Ahmed his tribute in 1476. | Taonjato maro talohan'ny Alemàna Nazi dia nitoeran'ny tafika Mongola efa ho nandritra ny 200 taona i Rosia, hatramin'ny nandavan'i Ivan III (‘Ilay Lehibe') an'i Khan Ahmed tamin'ny 1476. |
8 | This meant that while Western Europe was experiencing the unprecedented cultural and scientific growth of the Renaissance, Russia was beholden to stifling foreign oppression. | Nidika izany fa tamin'ny niatrika fivoarana lehibe ara-kolontsaina sy ara-tsiansa (Renaissance) tsy mbola nisy toy izany i Eoropa Andrefana, dia nitolona tamin'ny hery famoretana avy any ivelany i Rosia. |
9 | LJ user crazypinguin, in a comment to a post that has nothing to do with the subject matter of this text, wrote [ru] about the disparity in the 2012 ratios - Christian Churches: Practicing Christians to that of Mosques: Practicing Muslims in Moscow: | Ilay mpampiasa LJ, crazypinguin, tao amin'ny fanehoan-kevitra izay nataony tamina lahatsoratra izay tsy mikasika ity lohahevitra ity, dia nanoratra [ru] momba ny tsy fitovian'ny tahan'ny olona amin'ity taona 2012 - ny Fiangonana Kristianina: ny Mpivavaka Kristianina mitaha amin'ny Fiangonana Silamo sy ny Mpivavaka Silamo ao Mosko : |
10 | […] By the end of the year 2010 in Moscow there were 837 churches in the service of the Russian Orthodox Church-Moscow Patriarchy. | […] Tamin'ny faran'ny taona 2010 teo dia niisa 837 ny fiangonana niasa ho an'ny Eglizy Ortodoksa Rosiana - Patriarka ao Moskoa. |
11 | However, only in 271 of these church were services conducted. […] | Eo amin'ny 271 amin'ireo fiangonana ireo ihany anefa no misy lamesa tanterahina. […] |
12 | In Moscow as of Jan. 1, 2012, there were 11,629,116 people, and of these, 91.65 percent are Russian (as of 2002, though). | Ao Mosko tamin'ny 01 Janoary 2012, dia nisy olona 11.629.116, ka tamin'ireo, 91,65 isanjato dia Rosiana (toy ny tamin'ny 2002). |
13 | That means there are 10.5 million Russians. | Midika izany fa miisa 10,5 tapitrisa ny Rosiana. |
14 | Of these, only 2 million (if you believe pravmir.com [an Orthodox Christian online portal]) are Russian Orthodox Christians - meaning they go to church at least once a year. […] In reality, however, only about 1-1. | Amin'ireo, 2 tapitrisa monja (raha mino ny filazan'ny pravmir.com ianao [tranonkala Kristianina Ortodoksa]) dia Kristiana Ortodoksa Rosiana - izay midika fa farafahakeliny indray mandeha isan-taona ary zareo no mandeha any am-piangonana. |
15 | 5 percent of the general population are active church members […] and for each church there are 2,500 parishioners. | […] Raha ny zava-misy anefa dia 1 - 1,5 isan-jaton'ny mponina ihany no tena mpandray anjara amin'ny fiainam-piangonana. […] dia misy mpivavaka 2.500 isaky ny fiangonana. |
16 | By comparison, there are six mosques in Moscow. | Raha atao ny fanoharana, dia misy fiangonana silamo enina ao Mosko. |
17 | The number of Muslims is about 10 percent, considering that they take a more active role in church life. | Ny isan'ny silamo dia eo amin'ny 10 isan-jato eo, raha heverina izany dia manisy lanja kokoa ny fiainam-piaingonana izy ireo. |
18 | This means there are a million Muslims in Moscow. | Midika izany fa an-tapitrisa no anisàna ny silamo ao Mosko. |
19 | Six mosques. 150,000 parishioners [per mosque]. | Fiangonana silamo enina. mpivavaka 150.000 [isaky ny fiangonana]. |
20 | Even if only 1 percent [of the Muslim population of Moscow] attend services regularly, the figure remains at 15,000 people per mosque. […] | Na dia ny 1 isan-jato [amin'ny mponina silamo ao Mosko] fotsiny aza no mamonjy lamesa tsy miova, dia mbola mijanona ho 15.000 isaky ny fiangonana silamo ihany izany. […] |
21 | Moscow Cathedral Mosque under reconstruction in 2009. | Ny Moske Goavana ao Mosko eo an-dalam-panamboarana tamin'ny 2009. |
22 | Photo by Macs24 (CC BY-SA 3.0). | Sary avy amin'i Macs24 (CC BY-SA 3.0). |
23 | Central Asian Peoples Blog elaborated on the hardships Moscow's Muslim population faces, as it urged readers to pray for those from their region who had emigrated to the city in search of economic opportunities: | Ny blaogin'ireo olona avy ao Azia Afovoany dia nanoratra mikasika ny toe-javatra sarotra atrehin'ny mponina Silamo ao Mosko, manainga mavesatra ireo mpamaky mba hitondra am-bavaka ireo avy any amin'ny faritra misy azy ireo izay nifindra monina an-tanàn-dehibe hitady fivoarana ara-toekarena: |
24 | Please pray for the many Central Asians who leave their families and their home countries while they go to work in Moscow. | Mba mivavaha ho an'ireo avy ao Azia Afovoany izay mandao ny fianakaviany sy ny firenena niaviany handeha hiasa any Mosko. |
25 | They are not usually welcomed there. | Raha ny mahazatra dia tsy voaray an-tanan-droa izy ireo any. |
26 | Many of them are harassed and discriminated against. | Maro amin'izy ireo no enjehina sy avakavahana. |
27 | Even though they are working in a land that proclaims Christianity, they very seldom hear or see the Good News. | Na dia miasa amin'ny tany milaza azy ho kristianina aza izy ireo, dia mahàlana vao maheno sy mahita ny Vaovao Mahafaly. |
28 | As the snow fills the streets and sidewalks of Moscow it is usually scraped off as soon as it hits the ground. | Toy ny oram-panàla mameno ny làlana sy ny sisin-dalan'i Mosko, voakiky vantany vao mikasika ny tany. |
29 | Each morning people are awoken by the sounds of metal against the asphalt sidewalks. | Isaky ny maraina dia tairin'ny feom-by mikasoka amin'ny lalana ny vahoaka. |
30 | This noise is created by a band of street cleaners, most of whom are Central Asians. | Io feo io dia ataon'ny mpanadio lalana, izay ny ankabeazany dia avy any Azia Afovoany. |
31 | Most of these men have left their homes in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and some other CA countries. | Ny ankamaroan'ireo lehilahy ireo dia nandao ny tokantranony tany Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan sy firenena hafa any Azia Afovoany. |
32 | They are in Moscow to make money in order to send back to their families. | Mankany Mosko izy ireo mba hitady vola halefa ho an'ireo havany any an-tanindrazany. |
33 | These men work twelve or more hours a day, seven days a week. | Miasa roa ambin'ny folo ora na mihoatra izany isan'andro izy ireo, fito andro isaky ny herinandro. |
34 | The only thanks they receive for their hard work is a small paycheck and harassment by the local authorities because of their skin color. | Ny hany fisaorana mba azon'izy ireo ho tamibin'ny asa mafiny dia karama kely sy ny antsojain'ny manam-pahefana any an-toerana nohon'ny lokon'ny hodiny. |
35 | As they work in Moscow many of them are lonely, missing their families and looking for purpose in life. | Raha miasa any Mosko izy ireo dia maro no mahatsiaro ho irery, malahelo ny fianakaviany sy mitady tanjona amin'ny fiainana. |
36 | A Central Asian migrant worker walks down the street in Moscow. | Mpiasa avy any Azia Afovoany eny an-dalamben'i Mosko. |
37 | Photo by Veronica Khokhlova, used with permission. | Sary nalain'i Veronica Khokhlova, nahazoana alalana . |
38 | My blog included a joke which provides insight into how xenophobia fits into the ancient and complex Russian culture: | Ny bilaogiko dia misy tantara mampihomehy maneho ny tsy fitiavana vahiny hita taratra amin'ny kolontsaina fahiny sy mifandrirondrirotry ny Rosiana : |
39 | “Two foreigners once stood in Red Square in Moscow looking up at the Kremlin and they were in awe. | “Nisy vahiny roa teo amin'ny Kianja Mena tao Mosko nijery ny Kremlin, talanjona. |
40 | They wanted to be Russian and to be everything Russians are so they asked an elderly Russian man how they could in fact become Russian. | Te ho Rosiana izy ireo sy ho izay zavatra rehetra maha-Rosiana ny Rosiana, ka nanontany zokiolona iray izay tokony ho ataony mba hahatonga azy ireo ho tena Rosiana. |
41 | The man told them to climb up and touch the red star on top of one of the Kremlin's turrets and he said they would then be transformed instantly into two Russian men. | Namaly ilay lehilahy ka naniraka azy ireo hianika ny tilikambo iray ao Kremlin sy hikasika ny kintana mena eo amin'ny tampony ka hiova ho lehilahy Rosiana eo noho eo. |
42 | So the men climbed up the turret and the first man touched the star and he was transformed instantly. | Dia nianika tokoa ary ireto lehilahy ka nikitika ilay kintana mena ny voalohany ka niova Rosiana teo noho eo. |
43 | He could write love poetry like Pushkin and symphonies like Tchaikovsky, he could dance and fight and feel as deeply as any Russian could. | Afaka nanoratra tononkalom-pitiavana toa an'i Pushkin sy hira toa an'i Tchaikovsky izy, afaka nandihy sy niady ary nahatsiaro tena lalina toy ny Rosiana rehetra. |
44 | A moment later, the second man asked the first if he could have a hand up so he too could touch the star and become Russian. | Fotoana vitsy taorian'izay dia nanontany ilay faharoa raha afaka hiakatra sy hikitika ilay kintana koa ka hivadika ho Rosiana. |
45 | The first man then kicked him in the teeth and said, ‘Get the hell out of here, you foreign trash!'” | Avy dia nodakan'ilay voalohany tany amin'ny vavany izy ka nilazany hoe “Mialà teo ilay vahiny tsy misy ilàna azy ity!” |
46 | Islam in Europe Blog provided excerpts from a Feb. 2012 Interfax article entitled, “Moscow: High-Ranking Interior Ministry Officials Suspected of Extortion from Muslim Community,” in an effort to illustrate the governmental hazards Moscow minorities face in addition to societal ones: | Islam ao amin'ny Europe Blog dia namoaka sombin-dahatsoratra tamin'ny lahatsoratry ny Interfax ny Febroary 2012 teo, mitondra ny lohateny hoe: “Mosko: Manampahefana Ambony Ao amin'ny Ministeran'ny Atitany Ahiana ho Naka Vola tamin'ny Vondrom-piarahamonina Silamo”, izay maneho ny loza avy amin'ny fanjakana atrehan'ny vitsy an'isa ao Mosko, fanampin'izay efa loza ao amin'ny fiarahamonina: |
47 | Federal Security Service officials have submitted to the Prosecutor General's Office materials stating that several high-ranking officials from the Interior Ministry's Main Department for the Prevention of Extremism extorted a large amount of money from a Moscow Muslim community, Kommersant daily reports. | Ireo manampahefan'ny Sampandraharahan'ny Filaminana Federaly dia nandefa porofo tamin'ny Mpitsara mpampanoa lalàna, naneho fa naka vola be tamina Fikambanana Silamo iray ny mpiasa maro tao amin'ny Sampana Fototry ny Ministeran'ny Atitany ho Fisorohana ny ‘Extremisme', hoy ny tatitry ny gazety mpiseho isan'andro , Kommersant. |
48 | “The Federal Security Service officers obtained information that a major extortion incident had occurred in the Moscow Lefortovsky market before the New year holidays. | “Ireo manampahefana ao amin'ny Sampandraharahan'ny Filaminana Federaly dia nahazo vaovao nilaza fa hoe nisy trangana fakana vola be niseho tao an-tsenan'ny Lefovortsky ao Mosko talohan'ny fialantsasatry ny faran'ny taona. |
49 | According to that information, a group of police officers went to the market under the pretext of an inspection, suspended the market's operation and demanded 1 million rubles from traders for permission to resume work,” Kommersant writes. […] | Raha araka izany vaovao izany dia nisy andiana polisy nandeha tany an-tsena nilaza fa hanao fisafoana ary nampitsahatra ny raharahan-tsena sy nangataka 1 tapitrisa robla tamin'ny mpivarotra ho alalana hanohizana indray ny rahaharam-barotra”, raha ny voasoratry ny Kommersant. […] |
50 | According to Kommersant, the police said they were checking reports stating that there was an illegal extremist center disguised as a prayer room at the market, which was visited by Muslim traders and Tajik workers from nearby construction sites. | Raha ny filazan'ny Kommersant dia nanambara ny polisy fa tonga nanamarina tatitra nilaza fa nisy toerana nipetrahana “extremiste” tsy ara-dalàna izay mody natao ho toeram-pivavahana tao an-tsena, toerana fandehanan'ny mpandraharaha Silamo sy mpiasa Tajik avy amin'ny toerana fiasana ankalamanjana eo akaiky eo. |
51 | LJ user denisapozhnikov attempted to counter Western criticism of religious intolerance in Russia by citing several examples of peaceful coexistence and asserting that the United States would benefit from introspection of its own policies regarding civil liberties: | olona iray mpampiasa LJ, denisapozhnikov dia niezaka nanohitra ny fitsikeran'ny Tandrefana ny tsy fifandeferana ara-pinoana samihafa ao Rosia, tamin'ny fitanisàna ohatranà fiarahamonina am-pilaminana maro sy manamafy fa Etazonia dia hahazo tombony kokoa amin'ny fandinihana ny politikany manokana momba ny fahalalahana sivily: |
52 | A United States commission on freedom of religion asked the White House to pay “special attention” to issues of religious freedoms in Russia. […] | Nisy iraka Amerikana momba ny fahalalahan'ny fivavahana nangataka ny Trano Fotsy “hijery manokana” ny mikasika ny olan'ny fahalalahan'ny fivavahana ao Rosia. […] |
53 | It's probably true that Islamic rights are violated in Chechnya, where there is the largest mosque in Europe, or in Moscow, where only last year eight new plots were allotted for construction of mosques, or in [the blogger's native town of Ivanovo], where […] during all municipal events special squares are given to diasporas to present their traditions, including those that are religious in nature; maybe Hindus are repressed, but there are Hindu communities in all big cities and they carry out traditional festivities in public areas celebrating Krishna; or Judaism, when the Chief Rabbi of Russia is often invited to high-level summits. | Heverina ho marina fa voahitsaka ny zon'ny Silamo ao Chechnya, izay ahitàna ny fiangonana Silamo lehibe indrindra any Eraopa, na ao Mosko, izay nanomezana ampahan-tany valo hananganana fiangonana Silamo raha tamin'iny taona lasa iny fotsiny, na any Ivanovo [izay niavian'ny mpanoratra ny blaogy], izay […] nanome toerana ho an'ny zanaka am-pielezana mba hampisehoany ny kolontsainany mandritra ireo hetsika monisipaly rehetra, tafiditra anatin'izany ny kolontsaina mifandray mivantana amin'ny fivavahana; voasakana ny fivavahana Hindoa fa misy vondrona Hindoa any amin'ireo tanàna lehibe rehetra ary mankalaza ny fetiny ampahibemaso izy ireo mankalaza an'i Krishna; na ny finonana Jiosy, anasàna ny Rabi Lehibe ao Rosia foana amin'ny fivoriana an-tampony. |
54 | Or maybe it's the other way around, that the rights of Christians are violated?! […] | Na mety ho ny toe-javatra mifanohitra amin'izay, ny hoe ny zon'ny Kristianina no voahitsaka?! […] |
55 | Maybe these problems aren't in Russia, but in the US, which points blame away from itself? | Mety tsy any Rosia no misy ireny olana ireny, fa any Etazonia, izay mamindra ny olana tsy ho ao aminy? |
56 | And maybe in the US the number of mosques is growing, but let's not forget that every now and then [these buildings] are threatened to be blown up. | Ary angamba mitombo ny isan'ny fiangonana Silamo any Etazonia, saingy aoka tsy hohadinontsika fa isanandro koa [ireo tranobe ireo] dia mahazo fandrahonana horavana. |
57 | So do not believe, friends, this Western propaganda. | Koa, ry namana, aza mino ny fanpielezan-kevitr'ireo Tandrefana. |
58 | Finally, Russia Blog's Yuri Mamchur gave readers hope and provided evidence of long-term multicultural understanding in a Nov. 2011 post entitled, “170,000 Celebrate Muslim Holiday Kurban Bayram in Moscow Streets”: | Farany, ny bilaogy Rosiana Yuri Mamchur dia nanome fanantenana ny mpamaky ary nitondra porofo mampiseho ny fifankahazoana maharitra eo amin'ny kolontsaina samihafa tanaty lahatsoratra nivoaka ny Novambra 2011 mitondra ny lohateny hoe: “170.000 no nankalaza ny fialan-tsasatra Silamo Kurban Bayram teny amin'ny lalan'i Mosko”: |
59 | Today, more than 170,000 Muslims celebrated the important Muslim holiday Kurban Bayram. | Androany dia Silamo nihoatra ny 170.000 no nankalaza ny fetibe Silamo fankalazana ny Kurban Bayram. |
60 | Russian nationalists were predicting an ethnic mayhem, terrorist explosions, and racial clashes. | Ireo nasionalista Rosiana dia naminaviana fandripahana foko , fipoahana ataon'ny mpampihorohoro, fifandonan'ny saranga. |
61 | However, the celebrations were peaceful and joyful. | Tamim-pifaliana sy tamim-pilaminana tanteraka anefa no nizoran'ny fankalazana. |
62 | In one of the Moscow's mosques along the festivities were attended by 80,000 people! | Tamina fiangonana silamo iray tao Mosko olona 80.000 no tonga nanatrika ny fankalazana! |
63 | Even though the Moscow police was prepared for extraordinary situations, the officers were impressed with the smooth flow of events. | Na dia efa niomana hiatrika toe-javatra manahirana aza ny mpitandro ny filaminana tao Mosko, dia gaga nanatrika ny fizotra nilamin'ny hetsika. |
64 | The successful and peaceful celebration, amid troubling nationalistic tensions in the Russian society, is an important statement that Russia's peaceful Muslims and Christian can coexist, just like they have for the past 500 years. | Io fankalazana nahomby sy nizotra tam-pilaminana io, na dia teo aza ny fihenjanana nasionalista nampisavoritaka tao anatin'ny fiarahamonina Rosiana, dia fanehoana manan-danja fa afaka miara-miaina ireo Silamo tony fihetsika sy ny Kristianina ao Rosia, tahaka ny nataony izay 500 taona lasa izay. |