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1 | Can Mock Hunts Save Lions in Kenya and Tanzania? | Afaka Hanavotra Ny Liona Ao Kenya Sy Tanzania Ve Ny Sarintsarinà Fihazàna? |
2 | Male Lion at Sunrise, Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Kenya, East Africa. | Liona lahy tao Sunrise, Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Kenya, Afrika Atsinanana. |
3 | Photo by Diana Robinson. | Sary an'i Diana Robinson. |
4 | CC-BY-NC-SA 2.0 | CC-BY-NC-SA 2.0 |
5 | This post by Stephanie Dloniak was originally published on Ensia.com, a magazine that highlights international environmental solutions in action, and is republished here according to a content-sharing agreement. | Ity lahatsoratra ity, nosoratan'i Stephanie Dloniak, dia navoaka voalohany tao amin'ny Ensia.com, gazetiboky iray manasongadina ireo hetsika iraisampirenena ho vahaolana momba ny tontolo iainana, ary naverina navoaka etoana araka ny fifanarahana fifampizaràna votoaty. |
6 | On a scrubby plateau just beyond the shadow of Mt. Kilimanjaro, in a canvas tent under a metal roof resembling an airplane hangar, Philip Briggs deals three lions from a deck of cards. | Ao amin'ny lemaka iray eo ambanin'ny aloky ny Tendrombohitra Kilimanjaro indrindra, ao anaty tranolay mitafo vy miendrika toeram-panatobiana fiaramanidina i Philip Briggs no mikarakara liona telo nataony ho sary anaty karatra filalao. |
7 | “These females all had cubs in early 2010, right after the drought broke,” he says. | “Samy niteraka daholo ireto vavy ireto tamin'ny 2010 tany ho any, taoriana kelin'ny nitrangan'ny haintany”, hoy izy. |
8 | “They started hitting bomas [livestock enclosures] constantly, and Narika was speared by a hunting party in retaliation.” | “Nanomboka namely matetika ireo “bomas” ry zareo [fefin'ny toerana fiompiana], ary voatifitry ny farango nandritry ny rodobe fihazàna ho famaliana faty i Narika.” |
9 | The cards were created by the Kenya-based nonprofit organization Lion Guardians to help local conservationists get to know individual lions. | Ny Lion Guardians, fikambanana tsy mitady tombontsoa ao Kenya no namorona ireo karatra mba hanampiana hahafantatra ny liona tsirairay ireo mpikajy tontolo iainana ao an-toerana. |
10 | Each has a photo and description of a lion living in the vicinity of Amboseli National Park in Kenya. | Ny karatra tsirairay dia misy sary sy famaritana tsotsotra momba ny liona iray miaina ao amin'ny faritra manodidina ny Valan-javaboarim-Pirenena Amboseli ao Kenya. |
11 | Arranging the cards into family trees and sliding them across the wooden dining table just as though they were big cats moving through the landscape, Briggs and Stephanie Dolrenry, biologists with the Lion Guardians, tell the story of chronic livestock-killing lions and how Narika's death helped inspire a tool for managing such problem lions - mock traditional hunts. | Amin'ny fandaminany ireo karatra hifanaraka amin'ny fizokiana ao anatin'ny fianakaviana sy ny fanakorisàny azy eo ambonin'ilay latabatra hazo fihinanana, toy ny hoe sakabe mitety ny tontolo fotsiny izy ireny, hazavain'i Briggs sy Stephanie Dolrenry, biolojista miaraka amin'ny Lion Guardians, ny tantaran'ireo liona mpamono biby fiompy tsy nitsahatra, ary ny nahatonga ny fahafatesan'i Narika ho nahafahana nanampy hamoronana fitaovana iray hitantanana ny olan'ny liona tahaka izany - ny saritsarinà fihazàna nentin-drazana. |
12 | Trading-card-like images and descriptions of lions help Lion Guardians distinguish among individual animals as they work to minimize human-lion conflict. | Sarin'ireo liona amin'ny karatra sy ny fampahafantarana azy, fanampiana ny “Lion Guardians” hanavaka ny biby tsirairay amin'ny asany hampihenàna ny fifandonan'ny olona sy ny liona. |
13 | Photo by Stephanie Dloniak | Sary an'i Stephanie Dloniak |
14 | The Maasai, the indigenous pastoralists of southern Kenya and northern Tanzania, have always hunted lions - in response to attacks on livestock and as a celebrated rite of passage into manhood. | Ry zareo Maasai, ireo indizena mpiompy any atsimon'i Kenya sy avaratr'i Tanzania, dia efa mpihaza liona hatrizay - ho valin'ny fanafihany ireo biby fiompy sy ho toy ny fankalazana fomba iray hiampitàna amin'ny fiainana maha-lehilahy lehibe. |
15 | During a hunt, a party of warriors tracks a lion on foot, closes in with traditional chanting and screaming, and finally attacks and spears it in a noisy frenzy. | Mandritry ny fihazàna, misy andiany amin'ireo mpiady mandeha an-tongotra mihaza liona iray, miara-mamindra eo ampihiràna ny hira nentin-drazana sady mikiakiaka, ary farany manafika sy mitora-defona azy amin'ny korataba tsy ifandrenesana. |
16 | “After Narika was killed, her sisters, their cubs, and a male named Lomunyak all left the area and stopped killing livestock for two months,” Dolrenry explains. | “Taorian'ny nahafatesan'i Narika, dia niala ilay faritra ireo rahavaviny, ny zanany, ary ny liona lahy iray antsoina hoe Lomunyak ary nitsahatra tsy namono biby fiompy intsony nandritry ny volana roa,” hoy i Dolrenry manazava. |
17 | “We saw this huge behavior change.” | “Hitanay io fiovàna fitondrantena goavana io.” |
18 | “If they are reprimanded after attacking livestock, they can learn. | “Raha faizina ry zareo taorian'ny nanafihany biby fiompy, dia afaka hahazo lesona.” |
19 | ” - Eric Ole Kesoi The Lion Guardians team wondered whether mock hunts - which closely mimic real hunts, except the animal isn't speared in the end - could achieve the same result in behavior while helping protect the big cats. | Nanontany tena ny tariky ny “Lion Guardians” raha toa ny sarintsarinà fihazàna - izay maka tàhaka ny endriky ny tena fihazàna, afa-tsy ny hoe tsy misy biby ho voalefona any amin'ny farany - ka afaka ny hahita vokatra tahàka izany amin'ny fitondrantena no sady manampy amin'ny fiarovana ireo sakabe ireo. |
20 | Lions now occupy just 25 percent of their historical African range and their populations are declining, largely due to loss of habitat and prey and retaliatory killing. | 25% monja amin'ny toerana nisy azy ireo teo amin'ny tantaran'i Afrika sisa no misy ny liona, ary mihena be ny isan-dry zareo, ateraky ny fahaverezan'ny toeram-ponenany indrindra indrindra ary ny sakafony sy ny famonoana azy atosiky ny valifaty. |
21 | “[The Maasai] believe lions are bright animals, so they know when they have done something wrong,” says Lion Guardians community manager and Maasai elder Eric Ole Kesoi, who has participated in several of the mock hunts. | “[Ny Maasai] mino fa biby mahiratra ny liona, noho izany fantany rehefa nanaotao foana ry zareo,” hoy ny mpitantana ny vondrom-piarahamonina “Lion Guardians” sy ilay zokiolona Maasai, elder Eric Ole Kesoi, izay nandray anjara taminà sarintsarina fihazàna marobe.. |
22 | “If they are reprimanded after attacking livestock, they can learn.” | “Raha faizina ry zareo taorian'ny nanafihany bby fiompy, dia afaka hahazo lesona.” |
23 | The Lion Guardians aim to conserve lions by melding traditional ecological knowledge and values of the local Maasai people with modern technology and data analyses. | Kendren'ny “Lion Guardians” ny hitahiry ireo liona amin'ny alàlan'ny fanafangaroana ny fahalalàna nentin-drazana momba ny tontolo iainana sy ny soatoavin'ireo Maasai eo an-toerana amin'ny teknolojia maoderina sy ny fandalinana angon-drakitra. |
24 | The Maasai warriors who are chosen to become guardians are trained and then armed with radio-tracking equipment, GPS units, decks of lion cards and mobile phones in addition to their traditional clubs and knives. | Ireo Maasai mpiady izay nofidiana ho lasa mpiambina dia nofanina ary nomena fitaovana, toy ny fanaraha-maso amin'ny alàlan'ny onjam-peo, GPS, karatra misy ny sary sy fampahafantarana ireo liona ary telefaona finday, ho fanampin'ireo antsy sy kibay fitondrany mahazatra azy. |
25 | The young men track lions, record problems with wildlife, warn herders when lions are present and find lost livestock. The Lion Guardians appear successful so far; the local lion population has more than doubled in the past four years and very few lions have been killed. | Manara-dia ireo liona ny tovolahy, mandrakitra izay olana eny am-piriariavana eny, mampandre ireo mpiompy raha misy liona na mahita biby fiompy very dia. Toa mahomby ny “Lion Guardians” hatreto ; nitombo maherin'ny avo roa heny ny isan'ireo liona ao an-toerana tato anatin'ny efatra taona farany ary vitsy dia vitsy no maty. |
26 | The mock hunts add one more important tool to their toolbox. | Miampy iray indray ny fitaovana manan-danja eo an-tànan-dry zareo noho ny fisian'ilay sarintsarinà fihazàna. |
27 | So far the Lion Guardians have conducted six mock hunts against individually identified lions that were known to have repeatedly attacked livestock in bomas and could be tracked immediately afterwards. | Sarintsarinà fihazàna niisa enina no vitan'ny “Lion Guardians” hatreto ho an'ireo liona efa fantatra ny mombamomba azy izay fantatra koa amin'ny fihazàny miverimberina ireo biby fiompy ao anatin'ny “bomas” ka azo arahan-dia avy hatrany aorian'izay. |
28 | The preliminary results are promising: All mock-hunted lions stopped killing livestock for one to two months. | Mahavelom-bolo ny vokatra savaranonando: nampitsahatra ny famonoana biby fiompy tato anatin'ny volana iray ka hatramin'ny roa ireo sarintsarinà fihazàna liona rehetra natao. |
29 | Lion Guardian Ng'ida takes a GPS point in front of Mt. Kilimanjaro. | Ng'ida “Lion Guardian” mandray ny marika GPS eo anoloan'ny Tendrombohitra Kilimanjaro. |
30 | GPS data help Lion Guardians track animals and keep livestock out of harm's way. | Manampy ny “Lion Guardians” ny GPS mba hanarahana ny dian'ireo biby ary manàla ny biby fiompy ho amin'ny làlana azo antoka. |
31 | Photo by Philip Briggs. | Sary an'i Philip Briggs. |
32 | Ole Kesoi sees value for both lions and the Maasai. | Hitan'i Ole Kesoi ny lanjany, na izany ho an'ny liona, na ho an'ny Maasai. |
33 | Using mock hunts as a kind of aversion therapy could lead to less conflict and fewer dead lions. | Ny fampiasàna ny sarintsarinà fihazàna ho karazana fitsaboana hanamaivanana hatezerana dia afaka mitondra mankany aminà fihenan'ny fifandonana sy famonoana liona. |
34 | At the same time, the hunts allow the Lion Guardians to take active roles in protecting their community. | Mandritra izany fotoana izany, ilay fihazàna dia nanome fahafahana ny “Lion Guardians” hitàna andraikitra mavitrika amin'ny fiarovana ny vondrom-piarahamonin-dry zareo. |
35 | Not everyone is sold on the idea, however. | Tsy ny rehetra anefa no resy lahatra amin'ilay hevitra. |
36 | Craig Packer, an ecologist at the University of Minnesota, has studied lions in neighboring Tanzania's Serengeti ecosystem since 1978. | Craig Packer, mpahay tontolo iainana ao amin'ny Anjerimanontolon'i Minnesota, dia nandalina ny amin'ireo liona ao Serengeti any amin'ny manodidina an'i Tanzania hatramin'ny 1978. |
37 | “Although the Lion Guardians have certainly been valuable and innovative, I worry about the long-term sustainability of the program,” Packer says. | “Na dia nahita hevitra vaovao sy sarobidy aza ny “Lion Guardians”, manahy aho mikasika ny haha-ela velona io fandaharanasa io,” hoy i Packer. |
38 | “The challenges of long-term lion conservation are going to require a lot more than ‘culturally appropriate' conflict-mitigation strategies.” | “Ny fanambin'ny fiarovana mandritry ny fotoana maharitra ireo liona dia mila tetikady mandeha lavidavitra kokoa noho resaka fanalefahana ny fifandonana mifamatotra amin'ny ‘fampifanarahana ara-kolontsaina'” |
39 | Susan Alberts seems more hopeful. | Feno fanantenana kokoa i Susan Albertsl. |
40 | A biologist at Duke University, Alberts has worked in the ecosystem for more than 20 years with the Amboseli Baboon Research Project. | Biolojista iray ao amin'ny Anjerimanontolon'i Duke i Alberts izay niasa tao amin'ilay tontolo efa ho maherin'ny 20 taona niaraka tamin'ny Tetikasa Fikarohana momba ny Baboon ao Amboseli. |
41 | “The main threat to wildlife in Amboseli is human population growth. | “Ny tena loza mitatao ho an'ny fiainana anaty àla ao Amboseli dia ny fitomboan'ny isan'ny olona. |
42 | We all know what's required to deal with that - education, some voluntary resettlement, probably compensation. | Fantatsika rehetra ny zavatra takiana mba hiatrehana izany - fanabeazana, fametrahana ireo mpirotsaka an-tsitrapo, ary mety ho azo sainina ny fanomezana tamby ara-bola. |
43 | There's no magic bullet. | Tsy misy fahagagàna azo andrasana. |
44 | Having said that, the application of knowledge about the predators as well as making the community feel that they have a stake in the ecosystem remaining intact seem completely essential to going forward.” | Rehefa voateny izay, ny fampiharana ny fahalalàna mikasika ireo biby mpihaza, hatramin'ny fanaovana izay hahatsapan'ny vondrom-piarahamonina fa mila mijoro ry zareo hitahiry ny tontolo iainana tsy ho rava, no toa zavatra tena tsy maintsy ilaina mba hirosoana hatrany.” |
45 | Using mock hunts to change the behavior of problem lions is certainly not a magical solution for conservation in Africa. | Tsy vahaolana majika ho an'ny fitahirizana ao Afrika ny fampiasàna ny sarintsarinà fihazàna mba hanovàna ny fitondrantena amin'ny olan'ny liona. |
46 | But along with other approaches - in particular, those that draw on local traditions and values - they may help both wildlife and the people who live with wildlife win life's games with the cards they have been dealt. | Saingy miaraka aminìireo fomba hafa - indrindra, ireo izay mijery ny fomban-drzana sy ny soatoavina eo an-toerana - mety hanampy izy ireny, ho an'ny fiainana anaty àla sy ireo olona izay miaina miaraka amin'ny biby mpiriaria, mba hahazo tombony amin'ny fiainana amin'ny alàlan'ireo karatra efa niasàn-dry zareo. |
47 | Editor's note: Stephanie Dloniak produced this article as a participant in the Ensia Mentor Program. | Fanamarihan'ny mpamoaka lahatsoratra: Amin'ny maha-mpandray anjara azy ao amin'ny Ensia Mentor Program no nanoratan'i Stephanie Dloniak ity lahatsoratra ity. |
48 | Her mentor for the project was award-winning environmental and science journalist Michelle Nijhuis. | Michelle Nijhuis, mpanao gazety momba ny siansa sy tontolo iainana ary efa nahazo loka tamin'ìzany, no mpiahy azy. |