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1Are Indian Companies “Land Grabbing” in Africa?“Mibodo Tany” Any Afrika Ve Ny Orinasa Indiana ?
2As foreign companies and governments buy or lease land in countries across Africa, the debate continues as to whether this will encourage development or is simply land grabbing, which displaces local populations and threatens food security.Koa satria ireo orinasa sy governemanta vahiny mividy na manofa tany any amin'ireo firenena manerana an'i Afrika, mbola mitohy ny adihevitra hoe izy ireny ve handrisika ny fampandrosoana na dia fibodoana tany fotsiny amin' izao, izay mamindra toerana ireo mponina teo an-toerana no sady loza mananontanona ny fahavitan-tena ara-tsakafo?
3The Hindu's Addis Ababa correspondent Aman Sethi (@Amannama) has recently written about Indian companies' involvement in Ethiopia and Mali, and on 19 May he took part in a Q&A session on Facebook on the issue of so-called Indian land grabs in African countries.Vao avy nanoratra ny fidiran'ny orinasa Indiana any Etiopia sy any Mali i Aman Sethi (@Amannama) solontenan'ny The Hindu any Addis Ababa ary nandray anjara tamin'ny resadresaka Q&A (Fanontaniana&Valiny) tao amin'ny Facebook izy tamin'ny 19 May momba ny olana atao hoe : ny fibodoan'ny Indiana tany any amin'ireo firenena ao Afrika.
4Susanna Myrtle Lazarus asked:Izao no fanontanian'i Susanna Myrtle Lazarus :
5What is the purpose of land grabs in Africa?Inona no tena tanjon'ny fibodoana tany any Afrika ?
6Is it for the property value or just for resources like water etc?Noho ny sandany ara-barotra ve sa fotsiny noho ireo otrikarena toy ny rano sns ?
7Aman Sethi noted that the term “land grab” is disputed:Nomarihin'i Aman Sethi fa nampiady hevitra ilay fitenenana hoe ” fibodoana tany “:
8Well that's an interesting question: the jury is still out on the whole question of “land grab”.Tsara, fanontaniana mahaliana izany : mbola eo am-pandinihina manontolo ny resaka “fibodoana tany” ny mpitsara.
9The UN, for instance, has come up with a set of guidelines on land investment.Namoaka didy momba ny fampiasam-bola amin'ny tany ohatra ny Firenena Mikambana.
10Host countries tend to lease out land, rather than sell it, so it isn't usually about property value because the lessor company cannot sell the land.Aleon'ilay firenena ivahinianana mampanofa toy izay hivarotra ny tany, raha ny mahazatra izany dia tsy mikasika ny sandany ara-barotra satria tsy afaka mivarotra ilay tany ireo orinasa mpanofa.
11Investments are invariably for the resources then - so it could be minerals, it could be timber, it could be soil and water to grow crops.Tsy miova mihitsy ny fampiasam-bola fa na harena an-kibon'ny tany, na ny hazo, na ny tany sy ny rano hambolena.
12The big question of course is - are host countries getting enough back in return for leasing out land and (often) displacing people?Ny fanontaniana lehibe mipetraka dia ny hoe : moa ve mba misy zavatra miverina voarain'ireo firenena mpampiantrano amin'ny fampanofàna tany sy (matetika) famindràna ny vahoaka ?
13Sai Ramakrishna Karuturi, Managing Director of Karuturi Global Ltd., Gambella, Ethiopia.Sai Ramakrishna Karuturi, Tale mpanatanteraky ny Karuturi Global Ltd., Gambella, Etiopia.
14Photo by Flickr user Planète à vendre (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).Sary avy amin'ny Planète à vendre, mpampiasa Flickr (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).
15Jayakarthik Sabarathnam's question was:Nametra-panontaniana i Jayakarthik Sabarathnam hoe:
16Don't you think Africa's land problems are a result of confusion over who owns the land, whether it is an individual or the government, since individuals have been staying on government land under the assumption that they are the owners whereas the government considers the land as its own?Tsy nosaininareo va fa ny olan'ny tany any Afrika dia vokatry ny fifanjevoana amin'ny hoe iza no tompon'ny tany, na an'olon-tsotra izany na fanjakana, nanomboka tamin'ny nipetrahan'ny olona teny amin'ny tanim-panjakana amin'ny fiheverana fa izy ireo no tompon'ny tany nefa ny fanjakana mihevitra izany fa azy?
17Sethi answered:Izao no navalin'i Sethi :
18I think this is a key and crucial point - that in at least two countries that I wrote about - Ethiopia and Mali - there is significant confusion over land titles.Heveriko fa io no teboka fototra sy saropady - farafaha-keliny ao amin'ny firenena roa izay hotantaraiko- Etiopia sy Mali- izay misy fifanjevoana mikasika ny taratasy fananan-tany (titre).
19In Ethiopia for instance, all land is owned by the state and is leased out to private individuals and companies.Any Etiopia ohatra, dia an'ny fanjakana ny tany rehetra ary ampanofaina amin'olon-tsotra na orinasa tsy miankina.
20In places like Gambella - as I mention in the second part of the story - communities often have pre-existing communal claims on the land, which are not acknowledged by the state.Any amin'ny toerana toa an'i Gambella - izay ambarako amin'ny tapany faharoa amin'ny tantara - matetika ireo vondrom-piaraha-monina no efa manana fitakiana iombonana efa vita momba ny tany izay tsy voarakitra ho toy ny an'ny fanjakana.
21This creates a serious problem.Tena miteraka olana saro-bahàna izany.
22The Ethiopian government believes that the Commune Development programme - or villagization - will actually streamline the process of land use by giving land titles to the people who are resettled under the scheme.Inoan'ny governemanta Etiopiana fa ny Fandaharan'asa momba ny Fampandrosoana Kaominaly -na famoaronana tanàna- no hahatsotra ny fampiasana ny tany amin'ny fanomezana taratasy fananan-tany ho an'ireo olona izay apetraka amin'ny alàlan'izay rafitra izay.
23However, this will of course involve a radical change in the way the community conceives of land.Mazava loatra fa hitarika fiovàna ifotony amin'ny fomba fahatakaran'ny vondrom-piaraha-monina ny hoe tany izany.
24Roybath Mylaks wanted to know if Indian investment actually helped to increase local skills:Tian'i Roybath Mylaks ho fantatra raha manampy marina amin'ny fampitomboana ny fahaiza-manao ao an-toerana ny fampiasam-bola Indiana :
25Are Indian companies adding to capacity building of locals there?Manampy marina amin'ny fanamafisana ny fahaiza-manao ho an'ny mponina any an-toerana ve ireo orinasa Indiana ireo ?
26Do they hire locally or bring in workers from India?Mampiasa olona avy eto an-toerana ve izy ireo sa manafatra olona avy any India ?
27Aman Sethi replied:Izao ny valintenin'i Aman Sethi :
28On labour - the Ethiopian government is very clear that they want companies to train local workers.Mikasika ny herim-pamokarana - mazava tsara ny tenin'ny governemanta Etiopiana fa tiany raha toa ka olona avy eto an-toerana no hofanin'ireo orinasa.
29Last year, I wrote about how liquor Baron Ponty Chadha had come up with a plan to bring farmers from Punjab to Ethiopia - but the plan was shot down by the government.Nosoratako tao amin'ny lahatsoratra iray, tamin'ny taona lasa, ny fomba nanehoan'ny zava-pisotro misy alikaola “Baron Ponty Chadha” ny drafitra hametrahany ireo mpamboly avy any Pendjab any Etiopia- nefa nolavin'ny governemanta izany.
30Most governments allow companies to bring in highly skilled technicians and managers, but try to get companies to train people to become machine operators etc.Manome alàlana ireo orinasa hampiditra teknisiana sy mpitantana ambony sy mahay ny ankamaroan'ny fanjakana, saingy andramo ny mitarika ireo orinasa hanofana ny mponina ho tonga mpampiasa milina sns…
31Samiksha Srivastava's question was along the same lines:Mikasika ireo andalana ireo ny fanontanian'i Samiksha Srivastava :
32Don't you think Indian-owned companies are enhancing the development there?Tsy noheverinareo ve fa mampisonga ny fampandrosoana eto ny fisian'ireo ireo orinasa Indiana ireo ?
33Sethi didn't think there was a simple answer to that, and referred to the controversy surrounding Indian company Karuturi Global, which has been heavily criticised for its operations in Ethiopia:i Sethi tsy nieritreritra ny hisian'ny valinteny tsotra ho an'izany, sady nalainy ho ohatra ilay orinasa indiana Karuturi Global nitraka resabe izay voakiana mafy tamin'ny zavatra nataony tany Etiopia :
34Well, I think that a lot of developing countries are still figuring out what development really means to them - what path should they take, what resources should they allocate, what should be the role of the state and the market? Thus, I think that Indian companies have become a part of this debate by participating in these developing economies.Tsara, mino aho fa eo am-pieritreretana ny tena dika marin'ny fandrosoana ho azy ireo ireo firenena maro andalam-pandrosoana - aiza no làlan-kizorany, inona no otrikarena ampiasaina, inona no andraikitry ny fanjakana sy ny tsena ? ary koa, mihevitra aho fa tafiditra amin'ny ampahany amin'ny adihevitra ireo orinasa Indiana noho ny fandraisany anjara amin'ireny toekarena andalam-pivoarana ireny.
35Many in Ethiopia are unhappy with the fact that a foreign company has acquired such large amounts of land - while others believe that companies like Karuturi will help the country earn foreign exchange - so the debate is wide open right now.Be no tsy faly amin'ny fahazahoan'ny orinasa vahiny iray velaran-tany midadasika any Etiopia, nefa misy ihany koa ireo mino fa hanampy ny firenena amin'ny varotra ivelany ireo orinasa toy ny Karuturi ireo - noho izany malalaka ny adihevitra amin'izao fotoana izao.
36Pranay Sinha asked:Nanontany i Pranay Sinha :
37Do you think the government needs to put in place some minimum standards for corporates operating abroad so that locals are not abused in the process of these investments, or should it be a self-restricting corporate code of conduct?Heverinareo ve fa ilain'ny fanjakana ny fametrahana farafahakeliny fepetra ho an'ireo orinasa miasa ivelan'ny fireneny mba tsy ho ratsy fitondra ireo olona eo an-toerana mandritra ireny fampiasam-bolany ireny, sa fitsipi-pitondràn-tena ataon'ny orinasa ho fifehezantenany ihany ?
38Referring again to Karuturi Global, Aman Sethi responded:Novalian'i Aman Sethi tamin'ny nangalany ohatra indray ny Karuturi Global :
39Well, I think most governments have legal frameworks to safeguard the rights of project-affected communities - however, many (much like in India) cannot effectively monitor these companies.Raha ny fiheverako azy dia manana lalàna fototra hiarovana ny zon'ireo vondrom-piarahamonina iantraikàn'ireo tetikasa ireo ny ankamaroan'ny fanjakana- nefa maro ( tahaka ireo betsaka any India) no tsy mahara-maso tsara ireny orinasa ireny.
40In Karuturi's case for instance, no laws have been broken - but there seems to be a structural problem with the way the project was conceived - so I think we probably need to think beyond a legal regime and perhaps begin by trying to understand these processes as best we can.Raha ny momba ny Karuturi ohatra, tsy misy lalàna voahitsakitsaka- fa tahaka ny hoe olana ara-drafitra tamin'ny namolavolàna ilay tetikasa no misy - noho izany dia mihevitra aho fa ilaintsika ny misaina mihoatra lavitra ny any ambadiky ny fitondrana ara-dalàna ary angamba hatomboka amin'ny fanandramana hanakatra bebe kokoa ireny dingana ireny araka izay mba tratrantsika.
41It's easy to say “neocolonial land grab” and end the discussion - but that doesn't help our understanding of the world - rather it restricts engagement because the discussion is effectively over.Mora ny miteny hoe ” fibodoana tany ara-panjanahantany amin'ny endriny vaovao”, dia farànana ny resaka - nefa tsy manampy ny fahafantarantska an'izao tontolo izao izany- mametraka teritery amin'ny fandraisan'andraikitra izany satria tena vita tokoa ny fifanakalozan-desaka.