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1New Leak Details Kremlin’s Plans For a Russian ‘National Internet’Antsipiriham-Baovao Tafaporitsaka Momba Ny Drafitra Rosiana Hametraka “Aterinetom-Pirenena”
2What would an autonomous Russian Internet look like?Mba ho toy inona no ho endrik'izany Aterineto Rosiana mizaka tena izany?
3Images mixed by Tetyana Lokot.Sary nafangaron'i Tetyana Lokot.
4Over the past few years, the Russian government has made numerous moves to gain more control over the Internet, strengthening regulatory controls over online content and pushing foreign Internet businesses working in the RuNet, such as Apple and Google, towards data localization.Tato anatin'ny taona vitsy, betsaka ny hetsika nataon'ny governemanta Rosiana mba hananana fifehezana bebe kokoa ny aterineto, tamin'ny fanamafisana ireo fepetra fanarahana maso ny votoaty ety anaty serasera sy ny fanosehana ireo orinasa vahiny mandraharaha momba ny aterineto miasa ao anatin'ny RuNet, toy ny Apple sy Google, mankany amin'ny fametrahana angon-drakitra ao an-toerana.
5A new leak from the mysterious hacker group Anonymous International (also known as Shaltai Boltai or Humpty Dumpty) reveals that the Russian government has been hearing proposals for much more radical moves to isolate the Russian Internet.Avoitran'ny poritsaka iray vaovao avy amin'ilay andianà mpijirika mifono misitery “Anonymous International” (fantatra koa amin'ny hoe Shaltai Boltai na Humpty Dumpty) fa mandray sosokevitra izao ny governemanta Rosiana hanaovana hetsika henjankenjana kokoa hanokana-monina ny aterineto Rosiana.
6One of these involves the concept of a “national information platform,” which would effectively provide an alternative Internet exclusively for Russian use.Tafiditra ho iray amin'ireny ny fotokevitra “sehatra fampitambaovao nasionaly,” izay mety hanome tolotra aterineto natokana fotsiny ho ampiasain'ny Rosiana.
7The leaked documents include several emails from Dmitry Panyukov (director of the Institute of Demography, Migration, and Regional Development) and Garald Bandurin (IT director of RusHydro), along with a June 22, 2015 document describing a proposed “national information platform,” that would allegedly eliminate Russia's dependence on western firms and technology.Ahitàna mailaka marobe ao anatin'ilay antontan-taratasy tafaporitsaka, avy amin'i Dmitry Panyukov (talen'ny Ivontoerana Fanisam-bahoaka, Fifindramonina, ary Fampandrosoana isam-paritra) sy Garald Bandurin (talen'ny Teknolojian'ny Fampahalalam-baovaon'ny RusHydro), miaraka aminà antontan-taratasy iray tamin'ny 22 Jona 2015 mamaritra ny tolokevitra iray “sehatra fampitambaovao nasionaly,” izay hanafoana ny fiankinan-dohan'i Rosia amin'ireo orinasa sy ny teknolojia Tandrefana.
8This particular document appears to have been put together by Bandurin and Sergey Ganzya of the Foreign Trade Bank, along with several other people.Ity antontan-taratasy manokana ity dia toa i Bandurin sy Sergey Ganzya avy amin'ny Bankin'ny Varotra Ivelany no niaraka namolavola azy, ankoatra ireo olona marobe hafa.
9The opening sentences of this document outline the reasons for the development of a separate Russian Internet:Ireo fehezantany fanokafàna ao amin'ity antontan-taratasy ity dia manipika ireo antony hamokarana aterineto Rosiana mitokana:
10In the interests of the citizens of the Russian Federation, the Russian statehood, and the development of the economy, key enterprises and infrastructure, the creation of a national information platform is proposed.Ho amin'ny tombontsoan'ny olom-pirenen'ny Federasiona Rosiana, ny rafi-panjakana Rosiana, ary ny firoboroboan'ny toekarena, ireo orinasa sy fotodrafitrasa tena ain-dehibe, dia natolotra ny hananganana sehatra fampitambaovao nasionaly.
11The creation of such a platform is designed to promote the establishment of an independent foundation of information technology for the country's socio-economic development.Natao ny famoronana sehatra tahaka izany ho fampiroboroboana ny fametrahana fototra mahaleotena ho an'ny teknolojian'ny fampitam-baovao ho an'ny firoboroboana sosialy sy toekaren'ny firenena.
12The idea that Russia could cast itself off from the global Internet and create its own, autonomous virtual space is not new: it has previously been floated either in cryptic comments (Putin calling the Internet a “CIA project”) or in calls from Russian lawmakers to prepare for a cyber-blackout.Tsy vaovao akory ny hevitra hoe afaka misintaka amin'ny aterineto erantany sy mamorona habaka virtoaly mahaleotena ho azy manokana i Rosia : efa narangarangany tany aloha izany, tao anatin'ireo fanehoankevitra sarotra takarina (“Tetikasa CIA” no niantsoan'i Putin ny aterineto ) na tany anatin'ny antson'ireo Rosiana mpanao lalàna hiomanana amin'ny fanapahana faobe ny tontolon'ny cyber.
13In the proposal document the authors point to specific threats to national security emerging from Russian dependency on foreign technology.Ao anatin'ilay antontan-taratasy dia manondro ireo loza manokana mitatao amin'ny filaminam-pirenena ateraky ny fiankinan-dohan'i Rosia amin'ny teknolojia vahiny ireo mpanoratra.
14The authors describe how Russia's technological reliance on companies including Microsoft, Apple, and Google, has allowed the political ramifications of Russia's actions in Ukraine to impact the nation's technological operations.Faritan'ireo mpanoratra ao fiantraikan'ny fianteheran'i Rosia amin'ireo orinasa toy ny Microsoft, Apple, sy Google, izay nahafahana nanetsika ireo rantsana politika tamin'ny hetsik'i Rosia tany Okraina tamin'ny hetsika teknolojikan'ny firenena.
15We have a recent example of the blocking of Crimean users by Apple and Google.Ohatra akaiky indrindra ananantsika ny nibahanan'ny Apple sy Google ireo Krimeana mpampiasa azy ireo.
16In the opinion of Natalya Kasperskaya, the head of leading Russian IT company Infowatch, there is an extremely high likelihood of the presence of special “bookmarks” in Windows, the most common operating system, that are capable of simultaneously blocking the majority of Russian computers and networks via external command.Raha ny hevitr'i Natalya Kasperskaya, talen'ny Infowatch ilay orinasa Rosiana sangany amin'ny sehatry ny Teknolojiam-pifandraisana, avoavo ihany ny mety fisian'ny “fanapaingorana” manokana ao anatin'ny “Windows”, ilay be mpampiasa indrindra hatreto, izay afaka tonga dia mibahana amin'ny alàlan'ny fibaikoana izany avy any ivelany ny ankamaroan'ireo solosaina sy tambajotra Rosiana.
17According to the authors of the “national information platform” concept, the need for an independent Russian Internet goes beyond potential hiccups from particular western technology firms-it is, they believe, a matter of national security.Ho an'ireo nanoratra ilay fotokevitra “sehatra fampitambaovao nasionaly”, mihoatra lavitra noho ny fitsinjatsinjahan'ireo orinasa tandrefana mpamokatra manokana ny teknolojia ny filàna aterineto Rosiana mahaleotena-resaka fillaminam-pirenena izy ity, hoy ny finoan-dry zareo.
18The authors lay out a scenario in which the West could “paralyze” Russia due to its alleged technological dependency.Trangan-javatra iray mety hitranga no avoakan'ireo mpanoratra, tranga izay mety “hanangolen'ny” Tandrefana an'i Rosia noho ilay lazaina fa fiankinandohany ara-teknolojika.
19…today there are no objective guarantees that, in the event of an escalation in the conflict with the West, their security services could not paralyze, or worse yet take direct control of elements of critical infrastructure-including railway points, valves and pumps of pipelines, not to mention the telecommunications infrastructure.…, ao anatin'ny tranga isian'ny fitomboan'ny fifandirana amin'ny Tandrefana, tsy misy ankehitriny antoka tsy mitongilana izany, hoe tsy ho vitan'ny sampan-draharahan-dry zareo misahana ny fiarovana ny tsy hanangoly, ary ny ratsy indrindra dia ny haka ny fifehezana mivantana ireo fotodrafitrasa saropady-tafidtra amin'izany ny toeram-pifinenan'ny fiarandalamby, ny vavarano sy ny paompin'ireo fantsona goavana, raha tsy hitanisa ireo fotodrafitrasan'ny fifandraisandavitra.
20After all, all of this works on Western platforms.Rehefa dinihana, aminà sehatra Tandrefana daholo izany rehetra izany no miasa.
21In addition to adapting to Western sanctions on Russia's technological capabilities, the plan could give a needed boost Russia's IT sector, in much the same way that Russia's food sanctions against the west were ostensibly aimed at bolstering Russia's agricultural sector with import substitution.Fanampin'ny fampifanarahana azy amin'ireo sazy nataon'ny Tandrefana amin'ny fahafahana teknolojika ananan'i Rosia, mety hanome ny tosika fanairana ilain'ny sehatry ny Teknolojia sy ny Fampitambaovao ao Rosia ilay drafitra, mitovy be amin'ny sazy ara-tsakafo nataon'i Rosia tamin'ny Tandrefana nikendrena mibaribary mba hanamafy ny sehatry ny fambolena tao Rosia nantsoina hanolo ny fanafàrana avy any ivelany.
22In April 2015, the Russian Communications Ministry presented Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev with its import-substitution plan for the IT industry, suggesting that by 2025, the proportion of foreign software without a Russian substitute used in Russia should fall to 50 percent.Ny Aprily 2015, natolotry ny Minisitra Rosiana Misahana ny Fifandrasandavitra ho an'ny Praiminisitra Dmitry Medvedev ny drafira nataony hanoloana ny fanafàrana ho an'ireo indostrian'ny Teknolojia sy ny Fifandraisandavitra, tamin'ny fanosohana hevitra fa hatramin'ny 2025, tokony hilatsaka any amin'ny 50 isanjato ny tahan'ireo rindrankajy vahiny tsy manana solony vitan'ny Rosiana.
23However, the authors acknowledge that an initial hurdle to cross in order to grow Russia's IT potential is the availability of young minds to push for a technological boom in Russia.Na izany aza anefa, eken'ireo mpanoratra fa ny vatomisakana voalohany tsy maintsy dinganina mba hampitomboana ny fahaizamanao Rosiana amin'ny sehatra Teknolojia sy Fifandraisandavitra dia ny fahavononan'ny sain'ny tanora hanosika/hampisy fientanana teknolojika ao Rosia.
24With the implementation of a “national informational platform,” they believe the ongoing “brain drain” of qualified Russian human resources and IT professionals could be reversed.Miaraka amin'ny fametrahana ny “sehatra fampitambaovao nasionaly”, inoan-dry zareo fa mety hitsimbadika ny “fandosiran'ny atidoha” manampahaizana, ireo Rosiana manana fahaizamanao sy matianina amin'ny Teknolojia sy Fifandraisandavitra.
25Perhaps the main challenge of the current moment is the loss and “brain drain” of the most promising cadres and best Russian minds.Ny famoizana sy ny “fandosiran'ny atidoha” tena mamiratra sy ireo fanahy Rosiana tsara indrindra angamba no tena fanamby amin'izao fotoana izao.
26Without advanced human resources, competent and competitive ones in line with the global demands of tomorrow, Russia is doomed to being dependent and to following instead of leading.Raha tsy manana olona mivoatra, mahay ary afaka mifaninana mifandraika amin'ny tinady erantany rahampitso, dia voaozona hiankindoha i Rosia ary ho mpanaraka fa tsy ho mpitarika.
27While the Anonymous International leak does not specify exactly how high in the Kremlin's hierarchy the proposal has reached, and how seriously it was considered, it still provides a revealing glimpse of the technological concerns of Russia's elite.Raha toa ka tsy lazain'ny poritsaka avy amin'ny Anonymous International mazava tsara hoe ambaratonga ambony hatraiza tao amin'ny Kremlin no tongan'ilay tolokevitra, ary toy inona fahamatorana'ny fomba nandraisana azy, dia mbola manome topimaso mampiharihary ny olana teknolojikan'ireo sangany ao Rosia kosa izy.
28The leaked emails and documents contain no talk about the ideological or moral concerns of Roskomnadzor (the Kremlin's Internet watchdog), but they do display serious concerns about Russia's strategic vulnerabilities in case its relationship with the West deteriorates further.Tsy ahitàna resaka momba ny olana ideolojika na maoralin'ny Roskomnadzor (ilay toy ny alikan'ny Kremlin miambina ny aterineto) any anatin'ireo mailaka sy antontan-taratasy tafaporitsaka ireo, saingy maneho olana goavana mikasika ny halemena teknolojikan'i Rosia raha toa ka miharatsy hatrany hatrany ny fifandraisany amin'ny Tandrefana.
29As Russia continues to crack down on Internet freedoms, the end-game, as revealed in this leaked proposal, may leave the Russian Internet user with something closer to the walled-off Chinese web than the selectively though still heavily censored Turkish Internet.Satria tohizan'i Rosia hatrany ny famoretana ny fahalalahan'ny aterineto, ny lalao farany, araka izay nasongadina ao anatin'ity tolokevitra tafaporitsaka ity, dia mety hahatonga ny Rosiana mpampiasa aterineto ho tonga amin-javatra tsy mifanalavitra amin'ilay mànda avon'ny tranonkala ao Shina, fa tsy ny Aterineto Tiorka fatra-pifantina sy faran'izay voasivana indrindra.