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1Rise in Entrepreneurship Reveals Gender Tensions in CubaMampiseho Ny Fifanenjanan'ny Vehivavy Sy Ny Lehilahy Kiobàna Ny Firoborobon'ny Famoronana Orinasa
2The transformation of the Cuban economic model has caused the flourishing of self-employed work (cuenta propia), understood as not employed by the state.Nahatonga ny fitomboan'ny miasa tena (cuenta propia), raiso amin'ny hoe tsy ampiasain'ny fanjakàna, ny fiovàn'ny lasitra ara-toekaren'i Kiobà.
3Self-employment [es] is not a novelty in Cuba; however, it is one of the fundamental pillars of the government's recent economic measures.Tsy zava-baovao any Kiobà ny Miasa Tena; iray amin'ireo andrin'ny fepetra ara-toekarena vao haingana noraisin'ny governemanta izy io.
4But that process has revealed certain contradictions and tensions within Cuban families, and especially regarding gender relations.Kanefa nampibaribary fifanipahana sy fifanenjanana teo anivon'ny fianakaviana Kiobàna io lalàna io, ary indrindra manoloana ny sokajim-fifandraisan'ny lahy sy ny vavy.
5This way of producing goods and services has slowly introduced, since 2010, a great number of trades and professions.Nanomboka ny taona 2010, nampiditra tsikelikely asam-barotra sy fifanakalozana maro io fomba famokarana vokatra sy tolotra io.
6According to the Trabajadores [Workers] newspaper, the voice of the Central de Trabajadores de Cuba, there were 436,342 employed people in this sector [es] by the end of July, 2013.Araka ny gazety Trabajadores [Mpiasa], ny feon'ny Central de Trabajadores de Cuba, nisy olona 436.342 niasa tao amin'io sehatra io tamin'ny faran'ny volana Jolay 2013
7According to the researcher Teresa Lara:Ho an'i Teresa Lararaka, mpikaroka :
8… the updating of the Cuban economic model requires an intensity of household work and care to substitute work which is not paid for with the expenses that before were mostly taken on by the state, and to produce goods and services that cannot already be bought in the market.… ny fanavaozana ny lasitra ara-toekarena dia mila asam-pianakaviana sy fikarakarana henjana mba hanoloana ny asa izay tsy andraisam-bola miaraka amin'ireo saram-pandaniana izay tany aloha dia alain'ny fanjakana ny ankamaroany, ary mba hamokarana vokatra sy tolotra, mbola tsy afaka novidiana teny an-tsena.
9The slow reduction of subsidies for already-established products, the decrease of food service workers, and the rational cutting of state budget expenses demand the incorporation of all of these expenses on the home front.Ny fampidinana kely ny fanampiana ho an'ireo vokatra efa tafapetraka, ny fihenàn'ireo mpiasa amin'ny tolotra ara-tsakafo, sy ny fanakantsanana araka ny tokony ho izy ny fandaniana ny tetibolam-panjakana dia mitaky ny fampidirana ireo saram-pandaniana rehetra ireo ho ao anatin'ny fiainan-tokantrano.
10It is within this context that women have entered self-employed work in Cuba.Anatin'io vanim-potoana io no nidiran'ireo vehivavy ho amin'ny asa tena any Kiobà.
11According to the Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas (National Office of Statistics), the number of women in this sector rose to 62,000 at the close of 2011.Araka ny Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas(Birao Nasionalin'ny Antontanisa), niakatra ho 62.000 ny isan'ireo vehivavy ao amin'io sehatra io tany akaikin'ny taona 2011.
12Self-employed Cuban Workers and EnterpriseIreo Kiobàna miasa tena sy ny Orinasa
13The recent founding of the Entrepreneurial Women site [es] specializing in gender and employment reinforces the need to update not only the economy, but also gender interpretations and perceptions.Ny nananganana vao tsy ela akory izay ny Entrepreneurial Women site [es] tranonkalan'ireo Vehivavy Mpandraharaha izay mifantoka amin'ny maha-lahy sy vavy ary ny fanànana asa dia manamafy ny filàna fanavaozana izay tsy ara-toekarena fotsiny, fa ihany koa ny fomba famaky sy fijery ny hoe miralenta.
14In this way the application of the enterprise [en] concept is revealed as an important pillar in new gender relations in the work environment, where the subordination of women has no place, and the creation of micro-companies led by women and supportive economy is favored.Amin'izany, ny fampiasana ny fotokevitra hoe orinasa dia hipoitra ho toy ny andry manana lanja amin'ny fifandraisana vaovao eo amin'ny lahy sy ny vavy ao anatin'ny tontolon'ny asa, izay tsy hahitàna ny fanambaniana ny vehivavy, sy manome vàhana ny famoronana orinasa bitika tarihan'ireo vehivavy sy toe-karena ifanohànana.
15The website, managed from Cuba, is coordinated by the Servicio Informativo de la Corresponsalía en Cuba del Servicio de Noticias de la Mujer de Latinoamérica y el Caribe [es] (SEMLAC in Spanish, a women's news agency) and contains seven sections where they post newspaper jobs, results of investigations, and opinion articles.Arindran'ny Servicio Informativo de la Corresponsalía en Cuba del Servicio de Noticias de la Mujer de Latinoamérica y el Caribe ilay tranonkala [es] (SEMLAC amin'ny fiteny Espaniola, masoivohom-baovao an'ny vehivavy), tantanina avy ao Kiobà, ary misy sokajy fito izay andefasan'izy ireo gazetin'asa, valina fanadihadiana, ary lahatsoratra fanehoan-kevitra.
16In addition, users can access a virtual forum, in which the following questions have been discussed: how can we change this reality ?Fanampin'izay, afaka miditra aminà seha-pifanakalozan-dresaka virtoaly ireo mpampiasa, ka ao anatin'io no iadiana hevitra ireto fanontaniana manaraka ireto: ahoana no hahafahantsika manova izao zava-misy izao?
17Are women and men equal within companies?Mitovy ve ny lehilahy sy ny vehivavy any anaty orinasa?
18And what barriers do women face in order to take charge of the direction os small enterprises?Ary inona ireo sakana atrehan'ireo vehivavy mba handraisana anjara amin'ny fitantanana ireo orinasa bitika?
19Within the multiple projects, Entrepreneurial Women also edits a printed bulletin that is distributed only in the country's capital at the moment, Sara Artiles reveals, one the site's managers.Ao anatinà tetikasa marolafy, manonta taratasim-pifandraisana ihany koa ny “Entrepreneurial Women” izay ao amin'ny renivohitra irery ihany no zaraina amin'izao fotoana izao, hoy i Sara Artiles, iray amin'ireo mpitantana ilay tranonkala.
20Additionally, she manages a discussion list.Fanampin'izany, mitantana dinidinika fifampiresahana vitsivitsy izy ihany koa izy.
21The site, the service, and the email list have the goal of creating a gender culture with this economic sector: “We're getting there little by little, but we're getting there,” Artiles declares.Ny tranonkala, ny tolotra, sy ny lisitry ny mailaka dia ikendrena ny hamoronana kolontsainan'ny miralenta miaraka amin'io sehatra ara-toekarena io: “Mihazo any tsikelikely izahay, fa ho any izahay,” hoy i Artiles.