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1 | Mozambique: The Controversial Basket Against Poverty | Mozambika: Ilay Kitapo Hiadiana Amin'ny Fahantràna Niteraka Resabe |
2 | [All links lead to portuguese language pages.] | [Ny rohy rehetra ato dia mitondra mankany aminà pejy amin'ny teny portiogey.] |
3 | Life is increasingly more expensive for everybody. | Mihalafo ny fiainana ho an'ny isam-batan'olona. |
4 | Prices of basic food items are high, and the price of oil keeps going up. | Ambony be ny vidin'ireo entana ilaina andavan'andro, ary mitohy niakatra foana ny vidin-tsolika. |
5 | In Mozambique, one of the measures proposed by the Government to mitigate the impact of the increases in the cost of living for Mozambicans has generated controversy with citizens. | Ao Mozambika, niteraka fifandroritan-kevitra teo amin'ny samy olom-pirenena ny iray amin'ireo fepetra naroson'ny governemanta mba hanamaivanana ny fiantraikan'ny sondrom-bidim-piainana amin'ny Mozambikana. |
6 | The Basic Needs Basket Subsidy had the aims of | Ny Fanohanana ny Kitapom-bolan'Ny Filàna Fototra dia nikendrena ny mba |
7 | a) Guaranteeing household access to basic food items b) Contributing to a sustained, healthy and balanced diet c) Protecting the purchasing power of the individual and the household against eventual food price increases d) Contributing to economic stability of the low income household e) Contributing to the social stability of the country. | a) Hiantohana ny fahafahan'ny tokantrano mahazo ireo sakafo fototra ilaina b) Handraisana anjara amin'ny fanànana sakafo mitohy, ara-pahasalamàma ary voalanjalanja c) Hiarovana ny fahafaha-mividin'ny olon-tsotra sy ny isan-tokantrano manoloana ny mety ho fiakaran'ny vidin-tsakafo d) Handraisana anjara amin'ny fahamarinan-toerana ara-toekarenan'ireo tokantrano kely fidiram-bola e) Handraisana anjara amin'ny fitoniana ara-tsosialin'ny firenena…. |
8 | "Family only eats sweet potato". | "Vomanga fotsiny no hanin'ny fianakaviana". |
9 | Photo by Miguel Mangueze, used with permission | Sary avy amin'i Miguel Mangueze, nanomezany alàlana hampiasaina |
10 | The proposal by the Government of President Armando Guebuza had a start date for June, but in spite of all expectations, its “abortion” was pronounced on June 16. Citing the Prime Minister, blogger Carlos Serra wrote “the country is stable and as such does not need the Basket. | Ny soso-kevitry ny governemantan'ny Filoha Armando Guebuza dia nihatra nanomboka tamin'ny volana Jona, saingy na betsaka aza ny fanantenàna, dia nambara ny “fanafoanana” azy io ny 16 Jona. Manondro ny Praiminisitra, ilay bilaogera Carlos Serra dia nanoratra hoe “marin-toerana ny firenena ka araka izany dia tsy mila akory an'io (Kitapo) fanohanana io. |
11 | What remains to be known is why in March the government introduced it.” | Ny hany sisa nilaina nofantarina dia ny antony nampidiran'ny governemanta azy io ay amin'ny volana Martsa.” |
12 | In recent weeks, many disbelievers and some believers made public their opinions on the proposal in the blogosphere and social networks. | Tato anatin'ny herinandro vitsy, marobe ireo tsy nanam-pinoana ary be koa ireo nanantena no niteny ampahibemaso ny fomba fijeriny momba ilay soso-kevitra, tao amin'ny tontolon'ny fitorahana bilaogy sy ireo tambajotra sosialy. |
13 | A Basket of basic needs and equality? | Kitapo iray misy ny filàna fototra sy ny fitoviana ve?? |
14 | In a series of vox-pop videos on Youtube, the eligibility criteria were called into question, which brought some to believe in the subsidy's discriminatory character, given that the Procedure Manual indicated it was targeted at: | Tanatinà andian-dahatsary misy ny fanehoan-kevitry ny olona ao amin'ny Youtube, ny fepetra takiana dia nampametra-panontaniana, ka nahatonga ny sasany hino ny fisian'ny fanavakavahana amin'ilay fanohanana, ny Boky torolàlana rahateo dia namaritra azy ity ho natao ho an'ireo: |
15 | Low income social groups (that live in the cities of Pemba, Lichinga, Nampula, Quelimane, Tete, Chimoio, Beira, Inhambane, Xai-Xai, Matola and Maputo and have a household income equal to or les than 2,500 Mts (about US $83) ou a per capita income of the household equal to or less than US$ 28) | Vondrona sosialy kely fidiram-bola (monina any an-tanànan'i Pemba, Lichinga, Nampula, Quelimane, Tete, Chimoio, Beira, Inhambane, Xai-Xai, Matola ary Maputo ka manana fidiram-bola mitovy na latsaky ny 2,500 Mts (eo amin'ny US $83) na fidiram-bola ara.ketra (per capita income) mitovy na latsaky ny US$ 28). |
16 | Lack of clarity and information about the social reach of the initiative was strongly criticized. | Voakiana mafy ny tsy fahampian'ny mangarahara sy ny vaovao momba ny fetra ara-tsosialin'ilay fandraisana andraikitra. |
17 | Cremild Maculuve, journalist, sceptical in relation to the “eligibility criteria of beneficiaries”, wrote on his wall on Facebook about who he presumed would benefit | Cremild Maculuve, mpanao gazety, tsy dia matoky loatra an'ireo “fepetra isafidianana ireo hahazo tombony amin'izany”, dia nanoratra tao amin'ny rindriny ao amin'ny Facebook mikasika ny hoe iza no heveriny tokony hahazo tombontsoa. |
18 | The basic needs basket could only be given (…) to those who have formal employment. | Ity kitapo misy ny filàna fototra ity dia tokony homena (…) ho an'ireo izay mànana asa ara-dalàna ihany. |
19 | A gloomy scenario, but not to be discarded, that it is intended for public servants, which from the outset - if we look at the number of civil servants and multiply by the number of those who benefit directly from their earnings - would exclude almost 90% of the Mozambican population. | Misy endri-javatra mampalahelo, saingy tsy azo ahilika, ny hoe natao ho an'ny mpiasam-panjakana izy io, izay hatrany am-piandohana - raha jerentsika ny isan'ireo mpiasam-panjakana ary ampitomboina amin'ny isan'ireo mahazo tombony mivantana amin'ny asany - dia ho voahilika daholo ny 90% amin'ny vahoaka Mozambikana. |
20 | In another note on Facebook, the journalist Matias de Jesus Junior also wondered about the target group of the proposed measures to alleviate the high cost of living | Any anatinà fitànana an-tsoratra iray ao amin'ny Facebook, ilay mpanao gazety, Matias de Jesus Junior, koa dia nanontany tena mikasika ny vondron'olona kinendrin'ireo fepetra naroso mba hanamaivanana ny fidangan'ny vidim-piainana. |
21 | I believe that they are opening here an imaginable division, this because the measure is socially unjust and discriminatory. | Mino aho fa manokatra fisarantsarahana ry zareo eto, izany dia noho ilay fepetra tsy ara-drariny sy manavakavaka ara-tsosialy. |
22 | So who in the end is the Mozambican people, is it just a civil servant or is it also that unemployed, privately or informally employed person? | Raha izany, ny fiafaran'ny resaka dia ny hoe iza marina no vahoaka Mozambikana, ny mpiasam-panjakana fotsiny ve sa ireo tsy manana anton'asa, mpiasa amin'ny tsy miankina na mpiasa amin'ny sehatra tsy ara-dalàna? |
23 | A number of citizens cited specific groups that did not have the right to the Basic Needs Basket in the vox-pop videos like Moises, a civil servant in Education, who maintains that the Basket does not benefit teachers, and Anacleto, a student, who in spite of believing the “Basic Needs Basket is a good idea” made a point of not ignoring the many “informal merchants” who would not be included. | Maro ireo mponina tao anatin'ilay lahatsary misy ny fanehoan-kevitry ny olona no niteny fa misy vondron'olona voafaritra tsy mba afaka nisitraka akory ny zo hahazo an'ilay Kitapo misy ny Filàna Fototra ity, toa an'i Moises, mpiasam-panjakana amin'ny sehatry ny Fanabeazana, izay manamafy fa tsy nahazo tombontsoa tamin'ilay Kitapo misy ireo Filàna Fototra ry zareo mpanabe, ary i Anacleto, mpianatra iray, izay na dia mihevitra ny maha “hevitra tsara ny Kitapo misy ny Filàna Fototra” dia nanao fanamarihana ny tsy tokony hanaovana ambany maso tsy hita an'ireo “mpivarotra tsy ara-dalàna” maro izay mety tsy ho tafiditra anaty lisitra. |
24 | In the Mozambican village of Madamba (Tete province) locals run a hunting business and the sale of rats on the side of the road. | Tao amin'ny tanàna Mozambikana Madamba (Faritanin'i Tete ) mihaza sy mivarotra izany ny olona ary mivaro-boalavo eny amoron-dàlana. |
25 | A rat kebab with between6-7 rats costs 10 meticais (20 Euro cents). | Ny keaba iray ahitàna voalavo 6 na 7 eo dia misanda 10 meticais (20 centimes - Euro eo). |
26 | Photo by Vlad Sokhin copyright Demotix (29/09/2010) | Sary avy amin'i Vlad Sokhin, fizakà-manana Demotix (29/09/2010) |
27 | In a comment in the newspaper Jornal @ Verdade, Vasco Muarauane, a Mozambican citizen, reminded that Article 35 of the Constitution, which refers to the principle of equality of rights for all citizens. | Tanaty fanamarihana iray tao amin'ny gasety Jornal @ Verdade, Vasco Muarauane, olom-pirenena Mozambikana iray, dia nampahatsiahy fa ny andalana fah-35 amin'ny Lalampanorenana, izay miresaka ny foto-kevitry ny fitovian-jo ho an'ny olom-pirenena rehetra. |
28 | Muarauane added that the “Basket” would be instituted with a “Decree with the force of Law”, for ignoring Article 35, given that it is estimated that more than 70% of the Mozambican population living in rural areas would not be reached by the Basic Needs Basket. | Nampian'i Muarauane fa ilay “Kitapo” dia tokony ho napetraka tamin'ny alàlan'ny “didy hitsivolana manana endrika lalàna”, hialàna amin'ny andalana faha-35, novinavinaina rahateo fa maherin'ny 70% amin'ny vahoaka Mozambikana mipetraka any ambanivohitra no mety tsy ho tratran'ilay Kitapo misy ny Filàna Fototra. |
29 | A recent increase in salaries, which would prevent many from accessing the Basket, was also mentioned. | Ny fiakarana nisy tsy ela akory izay teo amin'ny karama, izay mahatonga ny betsaka tsy ho tafiditra isan'izay hahazo an'ity Kitapo ity, no isan'ny navoitra ihany koa. |
30 | In a vox-pop video, Alzira Esperança, worker in a private enterprise, says that “the Basket is an excuse to calm people down” as a recent pay rise from 2.400 (within the Basket) to 2.600 meticais would prevent many from gaining access: | Tanatinà andian-dahatsary misy ny fanehoan-kevitry ny olona, Alzira Esperança, mpiasa amin'ny orinasa tsy miankina, dia miteny fa ilay “Kitapo dia fialàna bàla fotsiny ihany hampitoniana ny vahoaka” satria ny fampakàrana ny karama avy amin'ny 2.400 (fetra tokony hahazoana ilay Kitapo) ho tonga 2.600 meticais dia misakana ny maro tsy hahazo izany |
31 | The same sums were also questioned in a vox-pop by Isilda,, who is convinced that the difference between those who earn 2.500 and those who earn 2.600 is small and they have the same difficulties. | Tanatin'ireny feom-bahoaka ireny koa no nametrahan'i Isilda fanontaniana, izy izay resy lahatra fa bitika ny elanelana eo amin'ireo mahazo 2.500 sy 2.600 aryfahasahiranana mitovy so samy sedrain'izy rehetra ireo. |
32 | Blogger Jonathan McCharty summarized the truth about the Basket in this way: | i Jonathan McCharty, bilaogera, no namintina ny marina momba ilay Kitapo toy ity: |
33 | Today we can conclude, with absolute certainty, with the whole chronology of events, the announcements made about the “Basic Needs Basket” always put “the cart in front of the oxen”!! | Androany isika dia afaka manao tsoakevitra , miaraka amin'ny fahazoana antoka, sy miaraka amin'ny fijerena ny fizotry ny hetsika rehetra hatreto, fa ny fanambaràna natao momba ilay “Kitapo misy ny Filàna Fototra” dia mametraka foana “sarety ho eo alohan'ny omby”!! |
34 | At no point was the “criteria of eligibility” defined!! | Tsy nisy na ovian na oviana izany famaritana “fepetra ilaina ho fisitrahana” izany!! |
35 | At no point was there a “plan to attribute the Basic Needs Basket” laid out!! | Tsy nisy mihitsy na oviana na oviana izany “drafitra ho fitsinjaràna ny Kitapo misy ny Filana Fototra” izany!! |
36 | At no point was it known, really, what was would be done!! | Tsy nisy mihitsy zava-bita fantatra raha ny marina!! |
37 | A crisis in context | Ny zava-manodidina ny olana |
38 | Bread sellers on the train from Nampula to Mutuáli, Mozambique, 2009. | Bread sellers on the train from Nampula to Mutuáli, Mozambique, 2009. |
39 | Photo by Rosino on Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0) | Photo by Rosino on Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0) |
40 | In 2008, after the increase in the price of bread and fuel generated unrest, the Government of Guebuza decided to freeze prices of fuel and to subsidize the price of wheat so that gas stations reflected the real cost for Mozambicans and so that the price of bread would be maintained. | Tamin'ny 2008, taorian'ny niakaran'ny vidin'ny mofo sy ny solika niteraka korontana, nanapa-kevitra ny governemantan'i Guebuza hametra ny vidin-tsolika sy hitondra fanampiana amin'ny vidin'ny lafarinina noho ny tobin-tsolika raisin'ny Mozambikana rehetra ho toy ny fitaratra maneho ny tena vidim-piainana marina ary mba ho voatazona ny vidin'ny mofo. |
41 | In September 2010, the unrest worsened for the same reasons, in what become known as the “bread riots” [en]. | Tamin'ny Septambra 2010, niharatsy ny korontana noho ireo antony ireo ihany, izay nanjary fantatra amin'ny hoe “sakoroky ny mofo” [en]. |
42 | What was clear to many economists was admitted by the Government in April 2011, by the Minister of Planning and Development Aiuba Cuereneia, who affirmed “the Government does not have the capacity to maintain these measures that were in place since 2008 over the long-term, to contain the cost of living, dictated by the food crisis and world financial crisis.” | Ny fehinkevitr'ireo mpahay toekarena maro dia neken'ny governemanta ihany tamin'ny Aprily 2011, ary ny Minisitry ny Drafitra sy ny Fampandrosoana Aiuba Cuereneia, izay nanamafy hoe “ny governemanta dia tsy manana fahafahana hitazona mandritra ny fotoana ela ireo fepetra izay napetraka nanomboka tamin'ny 2008, mba hifehezana ny vidim-piainana, izay ny olana ara-tsakafo sy ara-bola maneran-tany no mandrindra azy.” |
43 | The Basic Needs Basket came following this conclusion by Government, given that it is inefficient to increase salaries of workers as this could create price increases and corrode purchasing power. | Ny Kitapo misy ny Filàna Fototra dia lasa tsoakevitry ny Governemanta, efa hita rahateo fa tsy mitera-bokatra ny fampakarana ny karaman'ny mpiasa satria vao mainka nanondrotra ny vidin-javatra sy nikiky ny fahefa-mividy. |
44 | A briefing by the International Monetary Fund, via its representative in Mozambique Victor Lledó, read | Ny tafatafa iray tamin'ny solontenan'ny Tahirim-bola Iraismpirenena (FMI) ao Mozambika, Victor Lledó, dia mivaky toy izao: |
45 | The Basic Needs Basket tries to act along the lines of basic social protection, but in our opinion and the opinion of other partners it still needs refinement and perhaps a rethinking of its basic structure, given some factors may compromise its implementation and its objectives. | Ilay Kitapo misy Filàna Fototra dia mitady izay fiarovana ara-tsosialy miainga ifotony saingy araka ny hevitray ary ny hevitr'ireo mpiara-miombona antoka hafa dia mbola mila arindra tsara ary angamba mila averina dinihana hatrany amin'ny fotony izy io, noho ireo anton-javatra sasany mety hanozongozona ny fametrahana azy sy ny tanjona kendrena. |
46 | Professor Manuel de Araújo, not a believer in subsidies to alleviate increases in the cost of living, appeals to the need for a profound reflection on the impact of their adoption | Profesora Manuel de Araújo, tsy isan'ny matiky an'ilay famatsiana ara-bola mba hanamaivanana ny fidangan'ny vidim-piainana, dia miantso ny tokony hisian'ny fandinihana lalina izay ho fiantraikan'ny fankatoavana azy ireny. |
47 | I do not want to say here that every subsidy is bad and therefore should not be considered! | Tsy te-hiteny aho eto hoe ny fanampiana ara-bola tsirairay dia ratsy avokoa ka noho izany dia tokony tsy horaharahaina! |
48 | I merely want to draw attention to the implications and perhaps distortions that subsidies can bring to the economy if they are not adequately considered! | Te hisarika bebeb kokoa ny fifantohan-tsaina fotsiny aho ho any amin'ny mety ho vokany sy ny angamba koa ho fahavoazan'ny toekarena raha tsy voadinika tsara izy ireny! |