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1Bangladesh: Indigenous or Not Indigenous, That Is The QuestionBangladesh : Teratany Sa Tsy Teratany, Izany No Fanontaniana
2This post is part of our special coverage Indigenous Rights.Ity lahatsoratra ity dia ampahany amin'ny tatitra manokana ataonay momba ny Zon'ny Teratany.
3Almost 98% people of Bangladesh are Bengalis and they speak the Bangla language.Saiky ny 98% ny mponin'i Bangladesh dia Bengalis avokoa ary miteny ny teny Bangla.
4The minorities include Chakmas, Khasi, Santhal and other tribes numbering more than a million (about 1.2% of total population) who mostly live in the various hilly regions.Ny ambiny no ahitàna Chakmas, Khasi, Santhal ary foko hafa miisa maherin'ny iray tapitrisa (eo ho eo amin'ny 1,2% ny fitambaran'ny mponina) izay miaina any an-tendrombohitra ny ankamaroany.
5Chakmas are ethnically Tibeto-Burman, and are closely related to the Himalayan tribes.Chakmas dia firaisana foko Tibetana-Birmana, ary tena mifanakaiky amin'ny foko Himalaiyana.
6According to history, they are originally from Arakan (present Rakhine State of Burma) who hundreds of years ago wandered and settled in different parts of India and Bangladesh.Araka ny tantara, avy any Arakan izy ireo (izay faritra Rakhine ao Birmania ankehitriny) izay zato taona taloha, mpifindrafindra monina ary nitoetra tamin'ny farita samihafan'i India sy Bangladesh.
7In recent months many Bangladeshi indigenous people have taken the streets holding meetings, human chains and rallies, demanding constitutional recognition of their population.Volana vitsivitsy izay, olona teratany Bangladeshi maro no nidina an-dalambe hanao fihaonana, rojon'olonmbelona sy fifamoriana, mitaky ny fankatoavan'ny lalàmpanorenana ny mponina any amin'izy ireo.
8The ‘indigenous' debate arose after some remarks of a special parliamentary committee working to amend the present constitution reverting back to the 1972 constitution.Ny adihevitra momba ny hoe ‘Teratany' dia niainga avy amin'ny fanamarihana maro nataonà komity manokana iray ao amin'ny parlemanta, izay miasa mamolavola fanitsiana ny lalàmpanorenana hiverina amin'ny lalàmpanorenan'ny taona 1972.
9There was no reference of tribal or indigenous people in Bangladesh's first constitution of 1972 where it was mentioned that Bangladesh would be the land of Bengalis.Tsy misy ny famaritàna ny foko na teratany tamin'ny lalàmpanorenana voalohan'i Bangladesh ny taona 1972 izay tsy misy filazàna mihitsy fa hoe i Bangladesh dia tany ho an'ny Bengalis.
10The parliamentary committee said that it would recommend recognizing them as “small ethnic groups” and questioned: “Would Bangalees [Bengalis] be termed ‘intruders' or ‘invaders' if the ethnic groups are called adivasi (indigenous)?”.Ilay komity ao amin'ny parlemanta dia nilaza fa hangataka ny hanekena azy ireo ho toy ny “foko vitsy an'isa” ary nanontany: “Ny Bangalees [Bengalis] ve ho antsoina hoe ‘mpitsabaka' na ‘mpanani-bohitra' raha ny foko rehetra hatao hoe adivasi (teratany)” ?
11Members of indigenous communities demanded their recognition in the constitution as “indigenous people” instead of tribal or proposed “minority ethnic group” at central Shahidminar in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Nangataka ny fanekena azy ireo ho “olona teratany” araka ny lalàmpanorenana ireo mpikambana ao amin'ny fiarahamonin'ny teratany fa tsy hoe foko na "vondron'olona vitsy an'isa” ao afovoan'i Shahidminara ao Dhaka, Bangladesh.
12Image by Abu Ala, Copyright Demotix, 29 April 2011.Sarin'i Abu Ala, Copyright Demotix, ny 29 Aprily 2011.
13The state minister for cultural affairs Pramod Mankin said:Ny minisi-panjakana misahana ny raharaha ara-kolotsaina, Pramod Mankin, dia nilaza :
14“There is no question that indigenous people would receive constitutional recognition.“Tsy misy resaka mihitsy ny hanomezana fankatoavana araka ny lalàmpanorenana ho an'ny mponina teratany.
15The debate is in how will they be recognised.”Ny adihevitra dia ny hoe fomba ahoana no hanekena azy ireo.”
16“The government is reluctant to recognise indigenous people as “indigenous” as it questions ethnicity of the country's native Bangalees.“Ny governemanta dia mbola misalasala ny hanekena na tsia ny mponina teratany ho “teratany” satria maha-velompanontaniana momba ny fototra niavian'ny foko Bangalees eo amin'ny firenena izy ity..”
17Monjurul Haque at the Indigenous Bangla blog writes [bn] about the complexity of the situation:Monjurul Haque, tao amin'ny bilaogy Teratany Bangla dia manoratra [bn] ny momba ny fahasarotan'ny zava-misy :
18The authorities are telling - “The people of the hills are not indigenous people.Milaza ny manampahefana - “Ny mponina any an-tendrombohitra dia tsy teratany.
19As constitution of Bangladesh applies everywhere, Bengalis have equal rights to lands in the hills.”Satria ny lalàmpanorenana Bangladesh mihatra na aiza na aiza, mitovy zo ny Bengalis amin'ireo tany any an-tendrombohitra.”
20The people of the hills are also citizens of Bangladesh (not indigenous) - that is also reminded in the constitution.Ny mponina any an-tendrombohitra dia olom-pirenen'i Bangladesh koa (fa tsy teratany) - Ampahatsiahivin'ny lalàmpanorenana koa izany.
21They are sending destitute Bengali settlers to the hills on the ground that “the Chakmas have settled in the hills from their origin - Arakan region of Barma, so they are also settlers”.Mandefa voanjo Bengalis sahirana hipetraka any an-tendrombohitra ry zareo noho ny antony hoe “ ny Chakmas nitrandraka ny tany teo an-tendrombohitra hatrany amin'izay niaviany - faritr'i Arakan ao Birmania, noho izany dia voanjo koa izy ireo”.
22It may be mentioned here that the tribals in Bangladesh have been subjected to human rights abuse for long by the Bengali settlers.Lazaina eto koa fa ny foko any Bangladesh dia niharan'ny fanitsakitsahana zon'olombelona nandritra ny fotoana ela nataon”ny voanjo Bengalis.
23Tribal indigenous people of Bangladesh in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.Ny Foko teratanin'i Bangladesh eny amin'ny lalankelin'ny havoanan'i Chittagong.
24Image by Anwar Hussain.Sary an'i Anwar Hussain.
25Copyright Demotix 7/8/2010.Copyright Demotix 7/8/2010.
26Since ages our own language, culture, beliefs and rituals are the same, nothing has changed.Hatry ny ela ny tenintsika, kolotsaina, finoana ary fomba amam-panao dia mitovy, tsy nisy niova.
27We are people of this land.Mponin'ity tany ity isika.
28Our forefathers did not settle in someone else's land or were inhabited there by someone.Ireo razantsika tsy nonina tamin'ny tanin'olon-kafa na nipetraka tany aman'olona.
29They were the first settlers by clearing forests and preparing lands for cultivation.Izy ireo no mponina voalohany nitevy ny ala ary namolavola ny tany ho azo volena.
30They already had been living there for generations long before boundaries were demarcated.Efa taranaka maro ry zareo no niaina teo talohan'ny namaritana ny sisintany.
31Sarkar Amin recognizes [bn] the plights of these people:Sarkar Amin dia manaiky [bn] ny toerana saro-pady misy ireo olona ireo:
32Mong Mong, I first met you in a hill of Bandarban.Mong Mong, Tany amin'ny havoana iray tany Bandarban no nahitako anao voalohany.
33I am bengali and you are from a tribe.Bengali aho ary ianao dia avy aminà foko iray.
34You are a painter and I am a poet.Mpanao hosodoko ianao ary izaho poeta.
35We become friends at once.Lasa mpinamana niaraka tamin'izay isika.
36Was there a pain deep inside your innocent smile? [..]Nisy hirifiry lalina ve tao anatin'ny tsiky tsy manan-tsininao? [..]
37There is a crisis.Misy olana.
38The people of the hills want constitutional recognition of their population.Ny olona any an-tendrombohitra dia mitaky lalàmpanorenana manaiky ny vahoakany.
39They want to be termed as “indigenous”.Takian'izy ireo ny ho antsoinahoe “teratany”.
40They want implementation of the peace accord.Mitaky fametrahana fifanaraham-pilaminana ry-zareo.
41But the ruling elites of Bangladesh do not want recognition of equal rights of the people of the hills.Nefa ireo mpanapaka an'i Bangladesh dia tsy mila fankatoavana ny fitovian-jo ho an'ny mponina any an-tendrombohitra.
42This is the main reason of the pain and the crisis.Izany no fototry ny jaly sy ny olana.
43Jewel Bin Jahir reminds [bn] how the indigenous minorities feel as their language, culture and beliefs are neglected in the constitution:Jewel Bin Jahir dia mampahatsiahy [bn] ny fahatsapan-ireo teratany vitsy an'isa raha toa ny teniny, kolotsaina ary ny finoana no tsy raharahaina ao anaty lalàmpanorenana :
44Image courtesy Wikipedia.Sary nindramina tamin'ny Wikipedia.
45Used under a CC LicenseNampiasaina araka ny fahazoan-dàlana CC
46We had not tried to prove our supremacy by our Biju, Baisu, Karam Wanna, Sohrai (festivals and rituals).Tsy niezaka ny hanaporofo ny fahambonianay tamin'ny Biju, Baisu, Karam Wanna, Sohrai (fety sy fomba fanao) anay izahay.
47We had not tried to impose our Sangsarek, Laleng, Sharna centric beliefs to anyone.Tsy niezaka ny hanery ny hanajàna ny Sangsarek, Laleng, Sharna ho finoana fototra na tamin'iza na tamin'iza izahay.
48We had not tried to overwhelm other languages of the world by our Achik, chakma, Kokborok, Thar, Munda, Santali languages.Tsy niezaka ny handentika ireo teny hafa teto amin'izao tontolo izao amin'ny teny Achik, chakma, Kokborok, Thar, Munda, Santali izahay.
49But still our Haba-Zoom(plantations), forests and ditches are being dispossessed.Nefa mbola nalàna tamintsika ny Haba-Zoom(tanimboly) antsika, ala sy lakandrano.
50Our mother tongues are being ignored.Odian-tsy hita ny tenindrenintsika.
51Our own beliefs are deemed as impure, illogical by influential and imposing beliefs.Tasaina ho tsy madio intsony ny finoantsika, tsy mitombina noho ny amin'ireo finoana goavana sy manindry.
52The debate further escalated as the foreign minister of Bangladesh commented recently that the term “indigenous” for the people of the hills in Bangladesh is a misnomer:Lasa lavitra ny adihevitra rehefa niteny ny minisitry ny raharaham-bahiny ao Bangladesh nitsikera tsy ela akory izay fa hoe tsy mendrika ny olona miaina any an-tendrombohitra any Bangladesh ny teny hoe “teratany” :
53“In the constitution, all minorities were recognised generically as minorities, and through the 15th amendment, the present government has categorised them as ‘ethnic minorities' and no longer only as ‘tribal' people.”“Ao amin'ny lalàmpanorenana, ny vitsy an'isa rehetra dia ekena fa vitsy an'isa, ary araka ny fanovàna faha 15, dia heverin'ny governemanta ankehitriny ho toy ny ‘foko vitsy an'isa' izy ireo ary fa tsy hoe fotsiny olona anaty ‘foko'.”
54She also said:Nilaza koa Izy :
55“Giving a special and elevated identity to enfranchise only 1.2 percent of the total population of 150 million by disentitling the 98.8 percent cannot be in the national interest of Bangladesh.”“Ny fanomezana maha-izy azy manokana sy tombontsoa ambonimbony ho fanafahana 1,2 isan-jato monja amin'ny vahoaka miisa 150 tapitrisa amin'ny fanafoanana ny an'ireo 98,8 isan-jato dia tsy ho tombontsoam-pirenena ho an'i Bangladesh.”
56She reminded about the 4000 year old tradition of the Bengalis in this land:Nampahatsiahy ny fanaon'ny Bengalis efa hatramin'ny 4000 taona tamin'ity tany ity izy :
57“The ethnic Bengalees are not colonial settlers, neither are they foreigners or non-indigenous to their own native land and never will be.”“Ny foko Bengalis dia sady tsy voanjo mpanjanaka, na koa tsy vahiny no tsy teratany ho an'ity taniny ity ary tsy ho izany mandrakizay.”
58Biplob Rahman, a journalist and a blogger protests [bn] the government's stand that there is no indigenous people in Bangladesh.Biplob Rahman, mpanao gazety sady bilaogera dia manohitra [bn] ny fijoroan'ny governemanta fa tsy misy teratany izany any Bangladesh.
59He quotes from Chakma King and member, UN Permanent Forum On Indigenous Issues, Debashish Roy's recent rebuttal [bn]:Mitanisa ny famakiana lainga vao haingana [bn] avy amin'ny Mpanjaka Chakma sy mpikambana ao amin'ny sehatra fifampiresahan'ny UN momba Ireo Taranaka Teratany ary Debashish Roy izy :
60If the government recognizes “indigenous people” then this marginalized and underdeveloped 1.2% population will have a legal ground to fight for their rights.Raha eken'ny governemanta ny “mponina teratany” dia hanana fototra ara-dalàna amin'ny ady fitakian-jo ataony ireo olona 1.2% n'ny mponina natao an-jorom-bàla sy zàra raha nahita fandrosoana ireo.
61However, this recognition will not give them any special rights.Kanefa, io fankatoavana io dia tsy hanome azy ireo zo manokana.
62Biplob reminds that the incumbent Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, had given statements on the International Day of the World's Indigenous People several times terming the people of the hills as indigenous people.Biplob mampahatsiahy fa ny Praiminisitra Sheikh Hasina ankehitriny, dia nanao fanambaràna tamin'ny Andro Iraisampirenena ho an'ny Mponina Teratany namaritra imbetsaka an'ireo olona any an-tampon-kavoana ireo ho “mponina teratany”.
63He quotes an article of a local newspaper [bn], where it was reported [bn] that:Naka teny taminà gazety iray ao an-toerana izy [bn], izay nitatitra [bn] fa :
64It has been learnt that if the “indigenous term” of any minority population is established then a country is subjected to sign several declarations of United Nations.Fantatra izany fa raha ampiasaina ny “teny teratany” ho an'ny mponina vitsy an'isa sasany dia nametraka izany fa ny firenena dia tokony hanasonia fanambarana maron'ny Firenena Mikambana.
65In that case United Nations can intervene to investigate attacks on human rights of the indigenous population.Amin'izay fotoana izay ny Firenena Mikambana dia ho afaka hanao fanadihadihana momba ny fanitsakitsahana ny zon'olombelona tamin'ireo mponina teratany ireo.
66So the Bangladesh government has taken this stance (of not terming them “indigenous”).Noho izany, ny governemanta ao Bangladesh dia naka ity safidy ity (tsy hiantso azy ireo ho “teratany”).
67In this issue all the major and influential political parties of Bangladesh share same ideology.Amin'ity olana ity, ny ankabeazan'ireo antoko politika lehibe sy matanjaka any Bangladesh dia mitovy foto-kevitra.
68Mithusilak Murmu notes [bn] that at present there are certain quotas in the Government services and public education institutions for the indigenous people and wonders whether the present proposal of the Government will lead to change in the practice of the issuance of “indigenous certificates” for the population of the hills.Mithusilak Murmu manamarika [bn] fa amin'izao fotoana dia misy karazana fetra ao amin'ny sampan-draharahan'ny Governermanta sy ny sampam-pampianarana miankina amin'ny fanjakana ho an'ireo teratany ary manontany tena izy raha ny tolo-kevitry ny Governemanta amin'izao fotoana io dia hitarika fanovàna amin'ny famoahana ny “taratasy fanamarinana ny maha teratany” ho an'ny mponina any an-tendrombohitra.
69Around 370 million indigenous people in 70 countries of the world are subject to marginalization and mistreatment.Manodidina ny olona teratany 370 tapitrisa aminà firenena 70 manerana izao tontolo izao no mbola atao an-jorom-bàla na ratsy karakara.
70These people in Bangladesh and elsewhere are facing similar problems and are fighting for their identity, land and way of life.Ireo olona ireo any Bangladesh sy amin'ny toerana hafa dia miatrika olana mitovy ary miady ho an'ny maha izy azy, tany ary fomba fiaina.