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1 | USA: Science Bloggers Explain Earthquakes and Tsunamis | Etazonia: Mpitoraka Bilaogy Momba ny Siansa Manazava ny Horohorontany Sy Ny Tsunami |
2 | As Japan and the rest of the world struggle to make sense of the devastating earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear scare, science bloggers are sharing facts to help explain what happened. | Raha mbola miezaka mamantatra ny antony fisian'ny horohorontany mpandringana, ny tsunami, ary ny tahotra momba ny hery nukleary i Japana sy ny ankabeazan'ny firenena erantany, dia ireo mpitoraka bilaogy siantifika kosa mizara izay zava-misy fantany ho fanazavana ireo zava-nitranga. |
3 | Where science bloggers excel is not only understanding what happens, but knowing how to explain it so anyone can understand. | Ireo mpitoraka bilaogytsiantifika dia tsy miezaka mamantatra izay zavatra nitranga fotsiny ihany fa manao izay hahazoan'ny olona tsirairay izay azavainy.. |
4 | The Earth deformed | Mihasimba ny Tany |
5 | Theoretical astrophysicist Ethan Siegel of Scienceblogs.com's Starts With A Bang! provides a basic explanation: | Ilay astrophysicien Théorique, Ethan Siegel, tao anaty lahatsoratra Manomboka amin'ny Bang! tao amin'ny Scienceblogs.com dia manome fanazavana fototra: |
6 | The Earth is built like a giant, spherical layer cake. | Ny tany dia toy ny mofomamy boribory lehibe iray maro sosona. |
7 | The inner core - made up of mostly iron and nickel - is the densest of all the layers, while the lithosphere - the Earth's crust - is the least dense… if we want the most stable Earth possible, it would be a perfect “onion”, with the densest, heaviest elements being concentrated at the center, and then - with each outer layer - a progressively lower and lower density. | Ny ao afovoany indrindra - dia vita amin'ny vy sy nikela - no matevina indrindra amin'ny sosona rehetra, ary ny lithosphere - ny fonony ambony indrindra amin'ny tany no manify indrindra … Raha tiantsika ny hanana tontolo mitombina tsara, dia tokony ho toy ny “tongolobe” tonga lafatra izy io, miaraka amin'ireo singa fototra mavesatra sy matevina mitangorona eo afovoany - isaky ny sosona iray - mihena tsikelikely ny lanjany rehefa miha manalavitra ny ivony. |
8 | And it wants to be like that, packed as tightly as possible, the same way that a stone sinks in water, an iceberg floats on an ocean, or a helium balloon rises in air… unfortunately, the Earth is not in its most stable possible configuration right now. | Tian'izy ireo ho tahaka izao izany, voafono tsara sy voarafitra mafy tsara, toy ny filentiky ny vato any anaty rano, fitsingevanan'ny vongan-dranomandry eny ambonin'ny ranomasina, na fiakarany balaonina voasesika helium ho eny an'habakabaka… Indrisy anefa fa ny planeta dia tsy mafy orina mihintsy amin'izao fotoana izao. |
9 | But, over time, gravity is doing everything it can to help it get there. | Saingy, rehefa mifandimby ny fotoana, ny hery misintona ao aminy dia miezaka manampy azy ho tonga amin'izany. |
10 | How? | Amin'ny fomba ahoana? |
11 | By bringing denser, more massive chunks closer to the center, and uplifting lighter, less dense pieces… And that's what happens - energy-wise - every time we have an earthquake! | Amin'ny fitondrana ireo sombin-javatra mavesatra sy goavana ho eo afovoany ary fampakarany moramora ireo singa madinika sy maivana …Dia izany no mitranga - amin'ny reska angovo- isaky ny misedra horohoron-tany isika! |
12 | Meanwhile, Chris Rowan, a geologist in Chicago, provides a great primer of what happened in Japan his blog, Highly Allochthonous. | Nandrita izay fotoana izay dia niteny ny dikan'ny zavatra nitranga tany Japana ao amin'ny biloginy Highly Allochthonous i Chris Rowan, geologista avy any Chicago. |
13 | Friday's earthquake strongly registered on seismometers around the world, with seismic waves rippling across the North America and maxing out instruments as far away as the United Kingdom. | Ny horohorontany nitranga ny Zoma ary voarefy ho mahery vaika tokoa tamin'ny fitaovam-pandrefesana teto an-tany, miaraka amin'ny onjan'ny horohorontany re nanerana an'i Amerika Avaratra sy nahitan'ny fitaovam-pandrefesana ny isa ambony indrindra tany Royaume-Uni. |
14 | By combining data from the whole global network of seismometers, a picture of how the earth deformed in the earthquake, represented by a beachball-like focal mechanism, can be calculated. | Raha atambatra ireo zavatra azo avy amin'ny tambajotra iraisam-pirenena fandrefesana ny fihetsehan'ny tany, dia azo aseho kajiana ho sarinà mekanisma ‘focal' toy ny baolina iray ny fiovàn'endriky ny tany ao anatin'ny horohorontany. |
15 | The focal mechanism for this earthquake, shown below, indicates compression, along either a shallowly west-dipping or a steeply east-dipping fault. | Ny mekanisma ‘focal' an'io horohorontany io, aseho etsy ambany, dia manondro tsindry, avy any amin'ny ilany somary mitongilana miankandrefana na ilany somary mitongilana amin'ny farany atsinanana. |
16 | Focal mechanism for the main shock, and cross-sections of the two possible fault orientations. | Mekanisma 'focal' avy ao amin'ny foiben'ny fihetsehana, ary tondrozotran'ireo mety ho lalanjotra roa azo saintsainina. |
17 | Source: Chris Rowan, Highly Allochthonous | Loharano: Chris Rowan, Highly Allochthonous |
18 | Interestingly, Siegel and many other scientists (such as Irene Klotz at Discovery News) say that by bringing more dense material closer to the earth's core the earth's rotation speed actually increased - shortening our day by a very small fraction of a second. | Mahavariana, i Siegel sy ireo siantifika sasany (toa an'i Irene Klotz ao amin'ny Discovery News) dia milaza fa ny fanisahana ireo akora matevina sy mavesatra ho eo akaikiny ivon'ny tany dia hampitombo ny hafainganam-pandehan'ny fihodinan'ny tany amin'izao fotoana ka hampihena ny andro iainana ho toy ny ampahan-tsegodra vitsy monja. |
19 | The principle is similar to what one sees when a figure skater or dancer spins and then speeds up by folding in her or his arms. | Mitovy ny hevitra fototra hitan'ny tsirairay rehefa mijery ireny mpikorisa amin'ny skate ireny na ireo mpandihy rehefa miodina izy ireo no sady mampitombo ny fahaingam-pandehany amin'ny famoretana ny tànany. |
20 | Sadly, John Horgan at Scientific American's Cross Check blog says science is not at the point where we can accurately predict earthquakes, though it's not from lack of trying. | Sady nalahelo i John Horgan siantifika Amerikanina tao amin'ny bilqogy Cross Check no niteny fa tsy mbola fitaovana iray azo haminaniana mialoha ny horohorontany ny siansa kanefa koa tsy hadisoana ny miezaka mamantatra. |
21 | The most obvious tactic - trying to predict earthquakes by examining previous earthquake data and looking for patterns or precursory events - hasn't worked. | Ny tetikady mivaingana indrindra - fiezahana mamantatra mialoha ny horohorontany amin'ny alalan'ny fanadihadiana ny horohorontany izay nisy teo aloha- dia tsy nahomby. |
22 | Further: | Ankoatra izay: |
23 | Many other prediction methods have been proposed and in some cases tested. | Fomba faminavinàna maro no efa natolotra ary misy ny efa nandramana. |
24 | These involve detection of such alleged quake precursors as surges in ground water; emissions of the radioactive gas radon; fractoluminescence, or flashes of light emitted by compressed rock; unusual tidal activity; low-frequency electromagnetic waves; and unusual animal behavior. | Ireny dia nilàna ny fijerena mialoha ny mety ho ahiahiana fa mpialoha làlana ny horohorontany, toy ny fiakarana tampoka eo amin'ireo rano ambanin'ny tany; fivoahan'ny entona mitondra taratra radon; fractoluminescence, na tsela-pahazavana alefan'ireo vato voaporitra; fihetsehana tsy mahazatra tsinjo amin'ireo rano mihandrona; fisian'ny onja electomagnétique basse fréquence fiovan'ny fitondran-tenan'ireo biby samihafa. |
25 | One long-running experiment in Japan involves monitoring catfish, which are supposedly sensitive to electromagnetic activity that precedes quakes. | Fomba iray nahazatra hatry ny ela an-dry zareo Japone ny fijerena ny fihetsiky ny trondro-saka (catfish), izay heverina ho isan'ny tena sarotiny amin'ny onja electromagnetique mialoha ny fihetsehan'ny tany. |
26 | None of these approaches has proven reliable. | Tsy nisy azo nianteherana daholo ireny na iray aza. |
27 | However, this isn't to say that science hasn't saved many lives from earthquakes. | Izany tsy midika fa ny siansa dia tsy nahavonjy aina maro tamin'ny horohorontany. |
28 | For example, thanks to tremendous advances in the fields of engineering. | Ohatra, noho ny firoboroboana goavana teo amin'ny sehatry ny fikarohana sy famoronana |
29 | Tsunamis in slow motion | Sarinà Tsunamis alefa miadana |
30 | By now everyone has seen the surreal videos of a seemingly unstoppable wave of debris crashing on shore, engulfing cities and farmland, even dragging burning buildings in its wake. | Efa hitan'ny olona rehetra izao ny ireo lahatsary mihoatra ny saina misy an'ireo onja goavana tsy hay notohaina nitondra poti-javatra maro nivarina any an-dranomasina, nitelina tanàna sy tany famokarana maro, ary na dia ireo tranobe nirehitra aza moa dia nofaohany avokoa. |
31 | As people begin to ask what could possibly have caused such a thing, science bloggers are stepping in to answer. | Raha mbola manomboka mifanontany ny mponina ny amin'izay zavatra nety ho nahatonga ny loza dia nirotsaka an-tsehatra ireo mpitoraka bilaogy siantifika ho famaliana ireo fanontaniana. |
32 | On GeoMika, physicist and geophysicist Mika McKinnon, provides an exhaustive primer on tsunamis, and shows how they differ from tidal waves or wind waves. | Ao amin'ny GeoMika, ilay Fizisianina sy jeolojista Mika McKinnon, dia manome fanazavana fototra momba ny tsunamis, ary mampiseho ny fiavahan'izy ireny amin'ny onja ateraky ny fiakaran'ny ranomasina sy ny onja ateraky ny rivotra. |
33 | The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute posted a video on YouTube last year (shared by GrrlScientist at Guardian's Punctuated Equilibrium) that shows how water flows during a tsunami. | Ny Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute dia nandefa lahatsary tao amin'ny YouTube tamin'ny herintaona lasa (Nozarain'ny GrrlScientist tao amin'ny lahatsoratra Punctuated Equilibrium an'i Guardian) mampiseho ny fomba fihoaran'ny rano mandritra ny tsunami. |
34 | New Zealand blogger Grant Jacobs also provides a wealth of resources from the US Government's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other sources on forecasting and warning systems, including an interactive map of buoys the US government places to track tsunamis. | Grant Jacobs, mpitoraka bilaogy iray avy any Nouvelle Zélande koa dia manome loharano marobe avy amin'ny “US Government's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration” - Sampan-draharaham-panjakana Amerikana momba ny Ranomasina sy ny Habakabaka ary koa loharano hafa mifandraika amin'ny rafitra fiomanana sy ny fampandrenesana, ao anatin'izany ny sarintany azo kitihana misy ireo balaonina mitsingevana napetraky ny governemanta Amerikana hanaraha-maso ny tsunami. |