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1Russia: “Web of Justice”Rosia: “Tranonkalan'ny fahamarinana “
2The Court House - Figure of Justice, photo by Elliott BrownNy tranon'ny fitsarana - Endriky ny fahamarinana , sary nalain'i Elliott Brown
3Last week, Russia's foreign broadcaster - Russia Today TV (RT) - ran a report about Russian bloggers and how they, heroically, expose crimes and corruption in the system.Tamin'ny herinandro lasa, nandefa vaovao mikasika ireo mpitoraka bilaogy Rosiana sy ny fomban'izy ireo, izay tena mivatravatra, sahy maneho ireo heloka bevava sy ny kolikoly eo amin'ny rafi-pitantanana, ny mpanentana ny fandaharana vahiny any Rosia ao amin'ny - Fahitalavitra Russia Today TV (RT) - .
4Here are some excerpts from the related article posted online:Ireto misy santionany avy amin'ny lahatsoratra naseho tamin'ny aterineto mifandraika amin'izay:
5Desktops, laptops, phones and PDAs…. Internet in Russia is rapidly becoming much more available, and much more than just entertainment.Nanjary mora idirana ny aterineto any Rosia noho ny solosaina, ny solosaina finday, ny finday ary ny PDA…. ary ampiasaina mihoatra kokoa noho ny maha-fialamboly fotsiny.
6For many, it has turned into a virtual speaker's corner, where their voice will not only be heard, but is guaranteed to echo across the country within hours.Ho an'ny maro, nanjary niova ho toerana niomerika hifaneraserana izany, izay tsy hoe andrenesana fotsiny ny feon-dry zareo fa miantoka ihany koa ny fipariahany manerana ny taniny ao anatina ora maro.
7There are vocal examples of how Internet users can help solve complicated problems.Misy ireo ohatra am-bava mikasika ny fomba azon'ireo mpampiasa aterineto anampiana amin'ny famahàna olana sarotra.
8In one instance, a video of a man posted online led to his dismissal.Amin'ny lafiny iray, nahavoaroaka ny lehilahy iray ny horonantsary nisy azy naseho teo amin'ny aterineto.
9The man, who was the head of the local government, was bullying children at school but remained unpunished until the video went viral.Ity lehilahy ity, izay lehiben'ny governemanta eo an-toerana, dia tena mpampijaly ankizy tokoa any am-pianarana nefa dia tsy mbola voasazy mihitsy raha tsy lasa toy ny aretina miparitaka ilay horonantsary.
10Analysis followed:Tohin'ny fandalinana :
11“This doesn't mean that journalists are bad, and bloggers are better,” stressed Sergey Dorenko, editor in chief of Russian News Service.“Tsy midika akory izany fa tsy mahay ny mpanao gazety , ary lafatra kokoa ny mpitoraka bilaogy ,” hoy i Sergey Dorenko, tonian'ny fanoratana ao amin'ny Sampam-baovao Rosiana , manamafy.”
12“Or that the only notion of free speech exists online.Na hoe ity no endrika tokan'ny fahalalahana maneho hevitra misy ao amin'ny aterineto.
13It's simply a matter of choice.Resaka safidy tsotra fotsiny ihany izy ity.
14We no longer want to watch someone else's rundown, we want to - and can - make our own.Tsy te hahita olona hanao tatitra izahay, fa te hanao - ary afaka - manao izay vitanay .
15The Internet allows us to choose what we want to know about, at a speed print or TV media simply cannot compete with.Mamela antsika hisafidy izay tiantsika ho fantatra ny aterineto, raha ny hafaingan'ny fandehan'izany, na ny gazety na ny haino aman-jerin'ny fahitalavitra aloha dia tsy afaka ny hifaninana aminy amin'izao fotsiny.
16But then, there was this:Nefa kosa misy an'ity :
17In another instance, one blogger managed to reach Russian president Dmitry Medvedev in order to help an orphan, Pasha Berezin.Amin'ny lafiny hafa, niezaka hifandray tamin'ny filoha Rosiana Dmitry Medvedev ny mpitoraka bilaogy iray mba hanampiana kamboty iray, Pasha Berezin.
18A master chess player, a math genius and guaranteed state benefits, Pasha is missing the start of the academic year due to the demands of a construction company that helps fund the school.Mpilalao echec matihanina, manam-pahaizana amin'ny matematika ary nahazo fanohanana avy amin'ny fanjakana, tsy nahatratra ny fanombohan'ny taom-pianarana i Pasha noho ny fangatahan'ny orinasa mpanao trano izay manampy ara-bola ilay sekoly.
19“I want to be an IT specialist,” the boy told RT.“Te-ho manam-pahaizana manokana amin'ny IT aho”, hoy ity ankizilahy tamin'ny RT.
20“But the school said that if I want to study here and live in the residence halls, I have to study to be a builder.”“Nefa milaza ny sekoly fa raha te-hianatra ao aminy aho ary hipetraka ao amin'ny trano fonenan'ny mpianatra, dia tsy maintsy mianatra mba ho lasa mpanao trano.”
21Pasha's case was taken on by a charity organization, Murzik.Noraisin'ny fikambanana manao asa soa , Murzik, ny trangan'i Pasha.
22Its founder, German Pyatov, says what made a difference to his case was a message he posted online to the president.Nilaza ny mpamorona azy ity , i German Pyatov, fa ny nahasamihafa ny trangany dia noho izy nandefa hafatra ho an'ny Filoha tamin'ny aterineto.”
23“After I posted my letter, someone from the president's office called and asked for details about this case,” Pyatov said.Taorian'ny nandefasako ny taratasiko, nisy olona avy ao amin'ny biraon'ny Filoha niantso ahy ary nanontany ahy ny antsipiriany mikasika ity tranga ity ” hoy i Pyatov .
24“I know they got in touch with Pasha's college, because almost immediately afterward, the college called and told Pasha to withdraw his application and basically get the hell out.“Fantatro fa nifampiresaka tamin'ny fianarana nisy an'i Pasha izy ireo, satria saika taorian'izay avy hatrany, niantso ilay toeram-pianarana ary nilaza tamin'i Pasha haka ny antontan-taratasiny ary mazava ho azy ny hialany tao.
25They were scared that the authorities got involved.Natahotra izy ireo fa niditra an-tsehatra ny manam-pahefana.
26Then the media picked up the story, and the college was forced to stop its unlawful actions.Avy eo nalain'ny haino aman-jery ny tantara, ary voatery nanajanona ny asa ratsiny ilay toeram-pianarana.
27They now allow Pasha to attend lectures, but still refuse to give him a room.”Navelan'izy ireo hanatrika ny fampianarana i Pasha amin'izao fotoana izao, fa tsy mbola ekeny kosa ny hanome trano azy.”
28This story was broadcast on September 20. The following day, another report about the great potential of the Russian blogosphere appeared on Russia Beyond the Headlines (online and print, in cooperation with several prominent foreign newspapers):Vaovao nandeha tamin'ny 20 Septambra ity tantara ity . Ny ampitson'io andro io, vaovao hafa mikasika ny anjara toerana mavitrika raisin'ny tontolon'ny bilaogy Rosiana no niseho tao amin'ny I Rosia ao ambadik'ireo Lohateny lehibe (Amin'ny aterineto sy an-tsoratra , fiaraha-miasa amin'ny gazety maro manan-danja avy any ivelany):
29Opposition politics in Russia have become less about political figures or parties, and more about grassroots issues: Witness the car protests or the grassroots campaign against police corruption.Nihanihena ny firesahana antontan'isa na antoko ao amin'ny fanoherana ara-politika any Rosia, fa niha nivelatra kokoa ho amin'ny olana fototry ny vahoaka : Araho maso ny fanoheran'ny mpamily fiara na ny fampielezan-kevitry ny olona any ifotony manohitra ny kolikoly ataon'ny polisy.
30The trickle-up effect (from blogosphere to mainstream media) is especially significant, as it shows how bloggers move further away from being the preserve of an urban, well-connected elite.Tena hita mihitsy ny fiantraikan'ny fanomezam-baovao mitsitaitaika (avy amin'ny tontolon'ny bilaogy mankany amin'ny haino aman-jery fototra ), noho izy maneho ny hetsiky ny mpitoraka bilaogy miala amin'ny maha-mpitahiry fotsiny ny maha-tandrenivohitra, sangany tena maharaka tsara ny zava-misy.
31Seeing such reports, one cannot help but consider the source: both of these outlets are state-owned and are produced, primarily, in English, with the objective of “helping foreigners better understand Russia.”Eo ampahitàna tatitra toy izany, tsy vitan'ny tsirairay ny tsy hijery izay loharano: ny roa amin'ireo famoaham-baovao ireo dia an'ny fanjakana ary vokarina, voalohany indrindra, amin'ny teny Angliy, miaraka amin'ny tanjona mba ” hanampiana ireo vahiny hahalala kokoa mikasika an'i Rosia”.
32With this in mind, it seems such stories would serve Russia's public diplomacy well, especially given President Medvedev's attempts to demonstrate to the world that Russia can be en par with the West in terms of technological progress, as well as the social and economic transformations that accompany it.Miaraka amin'izany ao an-doha, sahala amin'ny hoe hanampy ny fifandraharahana amin'ny vahoaka any Rosia kokoa izany tantara izany, indrindra rha ny ezana nataon'ny Filoha Medvedev hanandrana hampiseho amin'izao tontolo izao fa i Rosia dia afaka milahatra (en par) tsara amin'ny Tandrefana raha resaka fivoarana ara-teknolojia, ary koa ny fiovana ara-tsosialy sy ara-toekarena izay miaraka aminy.
33Yet, Russian Internet freedom also seems to be a paradox that has caught the attention of many, lately.Kanefa, toa mifanohitra ihany amin'izay tokony ho izy raha ny fahalalahana mampiasa ny aterineto Rosiana izay nahasarika ny sain'ny maro tato ho ato.
34Earlier this month, Tangled Web tried addressing Russia's “virtual democracy”, referring to a recent report by the U.S. Institute of Peace - Blogs and Bullets - on the power of the new media:Tamin'ny voalohandohan'ity volana ity , niezaka ny naneho ny “demokrasia niomerika” i Tangled Web, izay milaza mikasika ireo vaovao farany avy amin'ny U.S. Institute of Peace - Blogs and Bullets - momba ny tanjaky ny media vaovao:
35From the outset, the report makes the point that the impact of new media on democracy is still unclear, as much of the evidence is still fragmentary and anecdotal.Tao anatin'ny fampidirana, nanamarika ny vaovao fa mbola tsy mazava mihitsy ny fiantraikan'ireo haino aman-jery vaovao amin'ny demokrasia, satria hita mibaribary loatra fa mbola miparitaka sy tsy matotra izany.
36But one sentence, in the section on how new media can affect individuals, stuck with me: “new media could make citizens more passive, by leading them to confuse online rhetoric with substantial political action, diverting their attention away from productive activities.”Fa fehezanteny iray, eo amin'ny lafiny mikasika ny fiantraikan'ny haino aman-jery vaovao any amin'ny tsirairay, miaraha amiko : “mahatonga ny mponina ho malai-mihetsika ny haino aman-jery vaovao, amin'ny fitarihana azy ireo hanafangaro ny fanasana vangy aty amin'ny aterineto sy ny hetsika ara-politika lehibe, mamily ny fifantohan-tsain-dry zareo tsy hizotra ho any amin'ny hetsika mamokatra maro.”
37Cyberspace is remarkably free in Russia, especially compared with state-dominated broadcast and print media.Tena miasa malalaka tsy misy hoatr'izany ny toerana fanaovana aterineto any Rosia, indrindra raha oharina amin'ny fampielezam-baovao sy ny gazety an-tsoratra an'ny fanjakana.
38And there is a lot of good grass-roots activism on the web in Russia.Ary maro ireo hetsiky tsara avy amin'ny olona ifotony ao amin'ny tranonkala any Rosia.
39But rather than the Internet being democracy's enabler, it could also be one of its biggest loopholes, allowing a parallel discourse and parallel process, one that's lively and diverse, but ultimately a sham.Fa ankoatry ny maha fanoitry ny demokrasia kokoa ny aterineto, dia mety ho iray amin'ireo toerana fitsoahana lehibe ihany koa izy, izay ahafahana manao resadresaka sy fomba fanao maro amina fotoana iray, izay tena velona sy maro karazana, nefa ny sarintsariny aloha no tena betsaka.
40Here, one cannot but mention the 2010 report by OpenNet Initiative, whose Country Profile on Russia reads:Eto, tsy misy afa-tsy ny filazana ny tatitra 2010 avy amin'ny OpenNet Initiative, izay vakian'ny Country Profile on Russia toy izao:
41The absence of overt state-mandated Internet filtering in Russia has led some observers to conclude that the Russian Internet represents an open and uncontested space.Ny tsy fisian'ny fanivanana ny aterineto ataon'ny fanjakana ao Rosia dia nahatonga ny mpandinika sasany hanao tsoak'hevitra toy izao fa toy ny habaka iray midadasika tsy voarara ny aterineto Rosiana .
42In fact, the opposite is true.Raha ny zava-misy, ny mifanohitra amin'izany no marina .
43The Russian government actively competes in Russian cyberspace employing second- and third-generation strategies as a means to shape the national information space and promote pro-government political messages and strategies.Mifofotra mafy mifaninana mafy amin'ireo trano fidirana amin'ny aterineto ny governemanta Rosiana izay mampiasa ny tetikadiny andiany faharoa sy fahatelo ho fitaovana hanefena ny tontolon'ny famoaham-baovaom-pirenena sy mba hanapariahana ny hafatra ara-politika sy ny tetikadin'ny mpanohana ny governemanta .
44This approach is consistent with the government's strategic view of cyberspace that is articulated in strategies such as the doctrine of information security.Ity fomba ity dia mifamatotra amin'ny fomba fijery stratejikan'ny governemanta manoloana ireo trano fidirana amin'ny aterineto ary narafitra ho tetikady hanjary ho ny lalàna fototra mifehy ny tsiambaratelon'ny vaovao.
45You can read more about these “alternative approaches” to Internet “management” in a separate chapter of the report, dedicated to the Russian cyberspace.Afaka mamaky bebe kokoa mikasika ny “fomba azo isafidianana ” amin'ny “fitantanana ” ny aterineto ianao ao amina toko iray hafa ao anatin'ilay tatitra, izay natokana ho an'ny trano fidirana amin'ny aterineto Rosiana .
46In essence, however, they represent inconspicuous and, perhaps even, covert measures, that do not necessarily limit broader freedoms - to give a general sense of calm (i.e. there are no “firewalls” or certain website bans) - while taking over in instances where allowing too much freedom can have serious repercussions.Raha ny heviny, na izany aza, maneho ny tsy hita maso izy ireo, ary angamba aza, mandray fanapahan-kevitra, izay tsy voatery ho voasakan'ny fetran'ny fahalalahana - amin'ny fanomezana hevitra ankapobeny mikasika ny filaminana (izany hoe tsy misy “firewalls [Avy amin'ny mpandika : rindrambaiko fanivanana ny hoe iza avy no afaka manao inona ao anaty tambajotrana solosaina] ” na fandrarana amin'ny tranonkala sasany ) - rehefa miato kely mandinika raha toa ka mety hisy fiantraikany goavana tokoa ny fahalalahana tafahoatra…
47There were several other “news” pieces dealing with the issue, which are worthy of note:Maro ireo karazana “vaovao” izay niresaka mikasika izay olana izay, izay tena mendrika horaketina an-tsoratra:
48- The Guardian had an optimistic article about “Russia's blogging revolution,” while pointing out examples of how it can, as well, be exploited by those in power for their own interests.-Nanana lahatsoratra tsara mikasika ny “revolusiona amin'ny fitorahana bilaogy any Rosia ,” ny The Guardianraha, raha naneho ireo ohatra milaza ny fomba mety hahafahan'ireo izay eo amin'ny fahefana mitrandraka izany ho amin'ny tombontsoany manokana.
49- The New York Times had a special video segment on the potential of Internet activism, and some of its possible consequences in Russia.- Nanana ampahana horonantsary manokana mikasika ny tombontsoa azo amin'ny fahavitrihan'ny aterineto , ary ny sasany amin'ireo vokatra mety ho azo avy amin'izany any Rosia ny New York Times.
50- The very same Russia Today TV ran a story about a failed attempt by a court in Far Eastern city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur to block YouTube.-Ny fahitalavitra Russia Today TV ihany koa no mba nahita tantara mikasika ny andrana tsy nahomby nataon'ny fitsarana any amin'ny tanàna farany atsinanana lavitra any Komsomolsk-on-Amur hanakana ny YouTube.
51That follows the much-discussed “new experiment” by the Kremlin: opening up the newly proposed Police reform bill for public review, online.Izay no manohy ny “andrana vaovao “ tena resahana be nataon'ny Kremlin: manokatra ny tolo-dalàna fanovana ny rafitry ny polisy izay natolony vao haingana mikasika ny gazety bokim-bahoaka, amin'ny aterineto.
52These, perhaps, do demonstrate signs of progress, which, most certainly, cannot be expected to arrive overnight.Mety hoe hanehoana ny mariky ny fandrosoana angamba ireo, izay mety tsy dia nandrasan'ny maro loatra hoe ho avy rahampitso.
53Nevertheless, they might as well be examples of what the Tangled Web referred to as “an old strand of thought in Russia, where the tsar was fundamentally decent and it was the corrupt mid-level officials who were to blame for everything.”Na izany aza, mety ho ohatra fotsiny ihany koa ireo amin'ny antsoin'i Tangled Web izay hanamarinany ny atao hoe “fomba fisainana taloha tany Rosia, toerana izay ny “tsar” no tena nanjaka tao ka ny mpiasam-panjakana antonontonony teo no tena notondroina ho mpanao kolikoly sy tokony ho saziana mafy amin'ny zavatra rehetra.”
54It should be mentioned, however, that democracy - real or virtual - proves itself, time and again, as being very relative.Tokony ho lazaina na izany aza, fa izany demokrasia izany, - ny tena izy sy ny niomerika - dia hita ho azy foana eny ihany fa tena zara raha izy.
55When even some of the more prominent Western democracies have major issues with Internet access and surveillance, perhaps Russia should not be judged as strictly?Eny fa na dia ny demokrasia malaza Tandrefana maro aza dia manana olana lehibe amin'ny fidirana amin'ny aterineto ary koa ny fanaraha-maso , ka angamba i Rosia tsy tokony hotsaraina hentitra loatra ?
56But then, why not, if the country has set that objective for itself?Nefa moa, fa maninona kosa ny firenena raha nametraka izany tanjona izany ho azy irery?