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1Chilean Musician Victor Jara's Rethinking of Power Lives on Long After His MurderMbola velona ny hira fampieritreretana indray ny atao hoe fahefana nataon'ilay mpanakanto Shilianina Victor Jara na dia elabe taorian’ny namonoana azy aza
2Mural for Víctor Jara, painted on the house that bears his name.Hosodoko an-drindrina ho an'i Víctor Jara, natao tamin'ny trano mitondra ny anarany.
3Barrio Brasil, Santiago, Chile.Barrio Brasil, Santiago, Shily.
4Photo shared under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License.Sary nozaraina ambany lisansa Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0.
5During the week of September 14, Chile commemorated 42 years since the death of Victor Jara, a Chilean singer-songwriter murdered after a coup d'état overthrew Salvador Allende‘s presidency and brought dictator Augusto Pinochet to power.Nandritra ny herinandron'ny 14 septambra no nahatsiarovan'i Shili ny faha42 taona nahafatesan'i Victor Jara, Shilianina mpihira sady mpamoron-kira, maty novonoina nandritra ny fanonganana an'i Salvador Allende sy nitondra ilay mpanao didy jadona Augusto Pinochet teo amin'ny fahefana.
6Victor Jara was murdered 42 years ago, justice now!!!42 taona tamin'ny 15 septambra 2015 lasa teo no namonoana an'i Victor Jara, ny rariny amin'izay !!!
7But despite the passage of time and the political changes that Chile has undergone, rumination on his music's significance has not faded.Na dia teo ary ny fandehanan'ny fotoana sy ny fiovaovan'ny rivotra politika tao Shili, dia tsy nety lefy ny fieritreretana ny dikan'ny hirany.
8Jara was the face of the Chilean New Song, a musical genre that challenged the country's deeply conservative ruling class.Jara no endrika nanehoana ny gadon-kira Shilianina vaovao, karazan-kira sahy nifanandrina tamin'ireo mpitondra izay mbola miaro ny fomban-tany.
9Through his compositions, the communist artist took on the Vietnam War and the plight of Chile's working men and women.Tamin'ireo zavatra noforoniny no niresahany ny ady tao Viet Nam sy ny zava-manjò ireo lehilahy sy vehivavy niasa tao Shily.
10For example, below is one of Jara's songs called A desalambrar (Let's cut the wires):Ohatra amin'izany ity hiran'i Jara hoe « desalambrar » (tapahantsika ny fefy vy):
11I ask those present If they have not stopped to think That this land is ours And not that of someone who has more; I ask if on the land You have never thought, sir That if the hands are ours Ours is also what it gives.Manontany aho ankehitriny raha tsy nijanona nieritreritra izy ireo fa anay io tany io fa tsy an'olo-kafa ; manontany aho raha mbola tsy nieritreritra mihitsy ianareo ao amin'io tany io, Andriamatoa, raha antsika ny tanana Dia nomena antsika izy izany
12Jara, critical of the unequal division of power in Chilean society, vocally supported Salvador Allende, who won the country's presidential election in 1970.Notsikerain'i Jara ny zara tsy mitovy tao amin'ny firenena Shilianina, notohanan'i Salvador Allende izay lany tamin'ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena tamin'ny 1970.
13Allende's was considered the first socialist government to be openly elected in the West in the middle of the Cold War; with his policies of nationalization and redistribution of resources, he made many enemies among Chile's and the United States' political elite.Nolazaina fa i Allende no governemanta sosialista voalohany voafidy mazava tao ilabolantany andrefana sy tanatin'ny ady mangatsiaka ; nananany ny politika manerana ny firenena sy ny fizarana ny vokatra ka nanana fahavalo maro izy tamin'ireo shilianina sy ireo mpanao politika isan'ny goavana tao Etazonia.
14The opposition to Allende culminated in 1973, when Pinochet ousted him from power in a military coup.Nifarana tampoka ny fitondran'i Allende ny taona 1973 rehefa naongan'i Pinochet teo amin'ny fitondrana tamin'ny alalan'ny fampiasana ny tafika izy.
15Allende killed himself as troops approached his residence.Namono tena i Allende rehefa nanakaiky ny toerana izay nisy azy ny Miaramila.
16The next day, Jara was rounded up with thousands of others at a sports complex to the west of Santiago city, where military forces tortured and killed the singer-songwriter.Ny ampitso, nampiarahina niaraka tamin'ny miaramila i Jara tao anaty kianja mitafo iray tao andrefan-tananan'ny Santiago, izay toerana nampijalian'ny miaramila sy namonoana an'ilay mpihira sady mpamoronkira.
17The impact of Jara's music on Chile was such that every September, Chileans and non-Chileans alike remember him on social media.Lalina tokoa ny fiantraikan'ny hiran'i Jara momba an'i Shily hany ka isaky ny volana septambra, na Shiliana na tsia dia mahatsiaro azy ao amin'ny media sosialy.
18But interest in Jara's story was particularly reawakened this year after former Chilean soldier Pedro Barrientos was ordered in April 2015 to stand trial in the US as one of the perpetrators of the murder, 25 years after the end of Pinochet's brutal military dictatorship.Saingy novelomina manokana ny fahalianana amin'ny tantaram-piainan'i Jara tamin'ity taona ity taorian'ny nandidiana ilay miaramila shilianina Pedro Barrientos hiakatra fitsarana tamin'ny Aprily 2015 tao Etazonia fa voampanga ho iray amin'ny nanao ny famonoana, 25 taona taorian'ny fiafaran'ny fitondrana jadona miaramila nataon'i Pinochet.
19According to Barrientos, when Jara was detained:Araka an'i Barrientos, raha voatana i Jara :
20[he] was recognized by military personnel positioned inside Chile Stadium, and was separated from the rest of the prisoners to be taken to other facilities located in the dressing rooms that were used as interrogation rooms, where several officers would assault him physically and permanently.Rehefa fantatry ny miaramila tao anatin'ny kianjan'ny Shily izy dia nosarahina tamin'ny ankamaroan'ireo voafonja, ary napetraka tao anaty efitra fisoloana ankanjo, natao ho toerana fanaovana fanadihadiana izay nisy an'ireo manam-boninahitra nampijaly azy tsy ankiato.
21Boris Navia, who was detained alongside Jara, recounted these events in a speech he read in 2006:Nampahatsiahy ireny fotoana ireny i Boris Navia, izay voatana niaraka tamin'i Jara, nandritra ny kabary novakiany tamin'ny 2006 :
22And we arrived on that fateful Saturday, September 15, 1973.Tonga ilay sabotsy manan-tantara, ny 15 septambra 1973.
23Around midday we get news that some of our friends would be released.Nanodidina ny folak'andro no nahazahoanay vaovao fa afaka ireo namanay vitsivitsy.
24Frantic, we begin to write our wives, our mothers, just telling them that we were alive.Very fanantenana, nanomboka nanoratra hoan'ireo vady sy reninay izaha nilaza fa velon'aina.
25Victor, seated among us, asks me for a pencil and paper.Nangataka taratasy sy penisilihazo tamiko i Victor, ilay nipetraka niaraka taminay.
26I reach for my notebook, whose cover I still have.Nakako tao anaty taratasiko izy izay mbola taty amiko ny fonony.
27And Victor begins writing, we think it was a letter to Joan, his partner.Nanomboka nanoratra i Victor, nieritreritra izahay fa ho an'i Joan, ilay vadiny, ny taratasy nosoratany.
28And he writes and writes, with the rush of feeling.Dia nanoratra izy ka nanoratra, niakatra ny ainga-panahy.
29Suddenly, two soldiers take him and violently drag him to one of the transmission booths…Tampoka teo nisy miaramila roa naka azy tamin'ny herisetra nakany amin'iray tamin'ireo efitra kely fampitana hafatra…
30His testimony described the abuse and torture that Jara underwent as well as his encounter with the singer-songwriter's lifeless body and those of other detainees.Ny fijoroana vavolombelona izay nataony dia mitantara ny fanararaotana sy ny fampijaliana nahazo an'i Jara sy ny fahitana ny vatana tsy misy aina intsony an'ilay mpihira-mpamoronkira sy ireo voafonja hafa.
31Navia offered his vision for what good could come of the tragedy:Nomen'i Navia ny fomba fijeriny izay zavatra tsara avy amin'ilay zava-doza :
32That very night, upon looking for a sheet of paper to write on, I found in my notebook, not a letter, but the last verses that Victor wrote hours before dying, which he entitled “Chile Stadium“.Tamin'iny alina farany iny, teo am-pitadiavana singan-taratasy hanoratana, no nahitako tao amin'ny kahieko, tsy taratasy, fa ireo andinin-tononkalo farany nosoratan'i Victor ora vitsivitsy alohan'ny nahafatesany, izay nampitondrainy ny lohateny hoe : « Kianjaben'i Shily».
33We immediately agreed to save this poem.Teo noho eo dia nifanaiky izahay fa hotehirizina ilay tononkalo.
34A shoemaker opened the sole of my shoe and there I hid the two sheets with the poem; before, I made two copies of it […] Still, […] they discover Victor's verses and learn the origin of the poem through torture, they get to me and take me to the racetrack, transformed into an interrogation room […] My fate was sealed.Nosokafan'ilay mpanao kiraro ny vodikiraroko ka tao no nafenina ny singan-taratasy roa nahitana ilay tononkalo ; talohan'io dia efa nadikako indroa ilay izy. […] Fa mbola hitan-dry zareo ny tononkalon'i Victor ary fantany tamin'ny alalan'ny fampijaliana ny niavian'ilay tononkalo, nankeo amiko ry zareo ary nitondra ahy teo amin'ny toera-pihazakazahana navadika ho toerana fanaovana famotorana.
35And the torture starts, meant to extract from me if more copies of the poem exist […] Why were the fascists so interested in the poem?Izay ny amiko. Nanomboka ny fampijaliana, hanerena ahy hilaza raha mbola misy dika mitovy amin'ilay tononkalo any ho any.
36Because five days before the coup in Chile, the entire world, shaken, raised their voice, lifting the figures of Salvador Allende and Victor Jara and, consequently, their verses of protest had to be buried.[…] Inona no tena mahaliana an'ireo fasista amin'ilay tononkalo ? Satria dimy andro talohan'ny fanonganam-panjakana tao Shily, dia voahontsakontsana izao tontolo izao, nampiakam-peo, nanandratra ambony ny endrik'i Salvador Allende sy Victor Jara ary, vokatr'izany, tsy maintsy alevina ireo tononkalom-panoherana.
37Recalling this violence, many Latin Americans can't help but wonder how much harm a musician who sings about social change could really cause a government.Raha mahatsiaro ny herisetra, maro tamin'ireo Amerikanina Latinina no tsy afaka ny tsy hanontany tena hoe hatraiza ny fandratran'ny mpihira iray miresaka fiovana ara-piarahamonina ny governemanta iray.
38But music is powerful.Saingy mahery vaika ny hira.
39With its sophisticated hold over people's imagination, it can promote liberation from all kinds of oppression - dangerous qualities for ruling classes clinging to their power over a people.Amin'ny fahaizany misintona ny fakan'ny olona sary an-tsaina dia afaka mitondra fanafahana amin'ny karazana faneriterena rehetra izany - vaika mampididoza ireo sarangan'olona mpitondra mifikitra fahefana manoloana ny vahoaka.
40Philosopher Antonio Negri explained these ideas as thus:Toy izao no nanazavan'ilay filozofy Antonio Negri :
41Emancipation is the fight for freedom of identity: freedom of being who you truly [already] are; liberation points to freedom of self-determination and self-transformation: the freedom to determine what you [never were and] can become.Ny fanafahan-tsakana dia tolona ho amin'ny fahafahana ara-panondroana; fahafahana maneho ny tena maha-anao anao ; dingam-panafahana mankany amin'ny fahazakantena sy fahaiza-manova tena : fahafahana mamaritra izay [tsy ianao mihitsy sy ny] mety hoavinao.
42Jara's themes of liberation and power touched on the issues most central to people throughout Latin America: worker's rights, equality, the value of the land, the revitalization of local languages.Mahakasika ireo lohahevitra mahaliana ny akamaroan'ny olona manerana an'i Amerikana Latina ny votoatin-kiran'i Jara miresaka fanafahana sy fahefana : ny zon'ny mpiasa, ny fitoviana, ny hasin'ny tany, ny famelomana indray ireo fiteny tao an-toerana.
43His music not only described the fight for freedom that everyday people faced, but also invited listeners to think beyond the status quo, to dare to dream of a future in which the old conventions of power did not exist.Tsy miresaka adim-pahafahana atrehin'ny mponina isan'andro ihany ny hirany, fa fanasana ny mpihaino hieritreritra ny ankoatran'ny zavamisy toa tsy azo hohozingozonina ihany koa, ho sahy haminavina ny hoavy tsy misy dinam-pitondrana ntaolo.
44Jara compared these individual calls for freedom as links in a chain in his Canto Libre (Free Song):Nampitahain'i Jara ireo antsoin'ny tsirairay mitady fahafahana ho rohy amin'ny rojo ao amin'ny hirany mitondra ny lohateny hoe Canto Libre (Hira Afaka) :
45My song is a free song that wants to be given, to he who holds its hand, to he who wants to shoot, My song is a chain without a start or finish and in each link everyone else's song can be found.Ny hirako dia hira afaka Izay tiana omena amin'izay mandray ny tanany amin'izay te-hanapika Ny hirako dia rojo iray tsy misy fiandohana na fiafarana Ary isaky ny rohiny no mety ahitana ny hiran'ny hafa rehetra.
46Jara's way of seeing the world would deeply bother Pinochet's dictatorship, which sought stability in the unequal separation of power between the political and social elites and the lower classes.Mety ho nanohintohina lalina ny fitondrana jadon' Pinochet ny fomba fijerin'i Jara izao tontolo izao, fitondrana nitady filaminana ao anivon'ny hantsana mampisaraka ny vato nasondrotry ny tany amin'ny valala tsy mandady harona.
47His message resonated despite time and censorship, according to Joan Jara, the singer-songwriter's partner and head of the Victor Jara Foundation, created in 1993:Nanako hatrany ny hafany na dia nandeha ary ny fotoana sy ny sivana, araka i Joan Jara, vadin'ilay mpamoron-kira sady mpihira, filohan'ny fikambanana mpanao asa-soa Victor Jara, nitsangana tamin'ny 1993 :
48Victor's [memory] never left Chile.Tsy nety afaka tao Shily mihitsy Ny fahatsiarovana an'i Victor.
49But it basically spent 20 years totally underground though very present somehow.Nefa dia nandany ny 20 taona tany an-takonana fa tsapa hatrany ny fisiany.
50It was the young people that had not known Victor who kept his memory alive.Ireo tanora tsy nahafantatra an'i Victor no namelona ireo fahatsiarovana azy.
51I was impressed by Victor's presence among the youth when I visited Chile in the 80s: they knew his songs despite not having heard them on the radio.Talanjona aho raha nahita ny fisian'i Victor ao amin'ireo tanora nandritra ny fitsidihako an'i Shily tamin'ny taompolo 80 : Hainy ny hirany na dia tsy naheno izany tamin'ny onjam-peo aza ry zareo.
52Censorship still remained, a censorship in the media. A kind of self-censorship.Mihatra hatrany ny fanampenam-bava, fanamenam-bava mihatra amin'ny fampitam-baovao.
53Even now, Jara's music continues to echo in many parts of Latin America for its incredible ability to musicalize a future that has yet to come.Eny fa na dia ankehitriny aza dia mbola manakoako any amin'ny faritra maro ao Amerika Latina ny hiran'i Jara noho ny talentany mahay mamadika ho hira ny hoavy.
54An annual tribute known as A Thousand Guitars for Victor Jara pays homage to him and his message every year:Misy ny fotoam-pahatsiarovana azy sy ny hafatra napetrany fanao isan-taona fantatra amin'ny hoe Gitara arivo ho an'i Victor Jara :
55Jara's dreams of a more just world are part of a long legacy of ideas that oppressive governments have tried to snuff out.Ny nofinofin'i Jara isian'ny rariny bebe kokoa eto an-tany dia anisan'ny harem-bakoka ara-kevitra notadiavin'ireo governemanta mpangeja hovonoina.
56With these annual tributes to Jara, Chileans take back what Pinochet's dictatorship thought it could rob from them - and prove just how transcendent the power of his music is.Amin'ny fahatsiarovana an'i Jara fanao isan-taona, dia manao tamberina ireo Shilianina amin'izay azon'ny fitondrana jadon'i Pinochet norobaina raha azony natao izany - ary manaporofo hoe manavatsava tonga hatraiza ny vaikan'ny hirany.