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1Tanzania's Cyber Crime Bill Gives More Power to Police, Less to PeopleVolavolan-Dalàna Momba Ny Heloka Antserasera Ao Tanzania: Fahefana Bebe Kokoa ho an'ny Polisy, Kely Kokoa ho an'ny Vahoaka
2A young man texting on his mobile phone in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.Tovolahy manoratra hafatra amin'ny finday ao Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
3Photo by Pernille Baerendtsen, used with permission.Sary avy amin'i Pernille Baerendtsen, nahazoan-dalana.
4Pernille Baerendtsen contributed reporting to this post.Nandray anjara tamin'ny fanoratana ity lahatsoratra ity i Pernille Baerendtsen.
5On April 1 2015, the Tanzanian parliament passed a cyber crime bill that attempts to address child pornography, cyberbullying, online impersonation, electronic production of racist and xenophobic content, unsolicited messages (i.e. spam), illegal interception of communications, and publication of false information - all in one law.Nodinihana tao amin'ny Parlemanta Tanzaniana tamin'ny 1 Aprily 2015 ny lalànan'ny heloka antserasera izay mikendry hiady amin'ny sarin'ankizy atao vetaveta, fandrahonana antserasera, fangalarana anarana antserasera, famokarana vontoaty manavakavaka sy mankahala vahiny, hafatra mahasorena (spam), fidirana anaty fifandraisana tsy ara-dalàna, ary famoahana vaovao tsy marina - ao anatin'ny lalàna iray avokoa izany rehetra izany.
6During the same parliament session three other bills were presented too: Access to Information (ATI), Media Services, and a Statistics Bill.Nandritra ny fivorian'ny parlemanta, volavolan-dalàna telo hafa ihany koa no nampahafantarina: Ny Fahazoam-baovao (ATI), ny Raharaha Fampitam-Baovao ary Lalàna momba ny antontanisa.
7However, the cyber crime bill is new, and the version posted online (not the final version) caused debate instantly.Na izany aza, zava-baovao ny volavolan-dalàna momba ny heloka antserasera ary niteraka adihevitra eo noho eo ny kinova momba izany nalefa tao amin'ny aterineto (fa tsy ny kinova farany).
8As in many other countries, online fraud and financial scams indeed are a persistent threat in Tanzania.Toy ny any amin'ny firenena maro hafa, mampatahotra hatrany ny hosoka antserasera ao Tanzania sy ny fisolokiana ara-bola.
9But the bill covers much more than this.Saingy mandrakotra zavatra betsaka noho izany ilay volavolan-dalàna.
10And it has now passed the parliament despite criticism from opposition politicians, social media practitioners and human rights activists.Ankehitriny, nalefa tao amin'ny parlemanta ny volavolan-dalàna na dia eo aza ny tsikera avy amin'ny mpanao politika mpanohitra, avy amin'ny zatra haino aman-jery sosialy ary ny mpikatroky ny zon'olombelona.
11Leading opponents of the legislation from civil society say they will take the government to court if the president signs the bill into law.Milaza ny mpitarika mpanohitra ny lalàna avy ao amin'ny fiarahamonim-pirenena fa hitory ny governemanta izy ireo raha manasonia ny volavola ho lasa lalàna ny filoha.
12The Citizen, a local newspaper, has identified several of the most concerning areas of the bill for Internet users.Nahamarika ny maro amin'ireo andininy tena mampanahy maromaro ao amin'ny volavolan-dalàna mahakasika ny mpiserasera ny The Citizen, gazety iray ao an-toerana.
13In an analysis for CIPESA, a regional ICT policy group, Ugandan journalist and analyst Juliet Nanfuka writes that the primary aim of cyber crime bill should be to safeguard citizens' rights on the Internet.Tamin'ny fanadihadiana ho an'ny CIPESA, vondrom-paritra iray misahana ny politikan'ny Teknolojiam-baovao sy ny fifandraisana, dia nanoratra ilay mpanao gazety Ogandey sady mpandalina Juliet Nanfuka fa tokony ho ny fiarovana ny zon'ny olom-pirenena amin'ny aterineto no tanjona voalohan'ny volavolan-dalàna momba ny heloka antserasera.
14Instead, she says, it shows an “overt disregard for press freedom and freedom of expression, [grants] excessive powers to police, and [limits] protections afforded to ordinary citizens.”Saingy ny hitany dia fampisehoana “tsy firaharahiana ny fahalalahan'ny asa fanaovan-gazety sy ny fahalalahana maneho hevitra, [Fanomezana] fahefana mihoampapana ho an'ny polisy, ary [famerana] ny fiarovana omena ny olon-tsotra.”
15The bill outlaws the publication of “misleading, deceptive or false” information, a measure that Nanfuka noted presents a clear threat to free and open expression online.Mametraka ho tsy ara-dalàna ny vaovao “mitarika ho amin'ny fahadisoana, mamitaka na diso” ny volavolan-dalàna, fepetra izay nomarihan'i Nanfuka fa maneho fandrahonana miharihary ny fanehoan-kevitra malalaka sy tsy voasakatsakana amin'ny aterineto.
16It gives police wide ranging ability to search the homes of suspected violators of the law, seize their electronic hardware, and demand their data from online service providers.Manome fahafahana goavana ho an'ny polisy hikarohany ny tranon'ireo izay ahiahiana ho mandika lalàna, maka ny ny rindrambainga elektronika, ary mitaky ny tahirin'izy ireo any amin'ny mpanome tolotra aterineto izany.
17Aidan Eyakuze and Ben Taylor, both of whom work for the independent East African initiative Twaweza, argued that the bill gives too much power to police without meaningful oversight:Nilaza i Aidan Eyakuze sy Ben Taylor, izay samy miasa amin'ny tetikasa Afrikanina Tatsinanana mahaleotena Twaweza fa manome fahefana be loatra hoan'ny polisy ny volavolan-dalàna kanefa tsy misy fanarahamaso mivaingana avy amin'izany :
18…the bill gives even very junior police officers the power to search and/or seize any computer equipment or data, including the content of messages, with no meaningful justification required or oversight provided.Manome fahefana hatramin'ireo polisy tsy manamboninahitra mihitsy aza ilay volavolan-dalàna hikarohany sy/na hakany izay vainga [solosaina] na tahiry informatika, anisan'izany ny votoatin-kafatra, nefa izany tsy mitaky fanamarinana mazava na mahaantoka fanaharahamaso.
19This includes demanding information from internet service providers and mobile phone networks.Tafiditra amin'izany ny fitakiana torohay avy amin'ireo mpanome tolotra aterineto sy tambajotra finday.
20Tanzanian blogger Thinklessactmore noted that police could use the law to “harass online activists in the name of suspicion of cyber bullying without due [process] of the law.”Nanamarika i Thinklessactmore Bilaogera Tanzaniana fa afaka mampiasa ny lalàna mba “hanorisorenana ireo mpikatroka antserasera amin'ny anaran'ny ahiahin'ny fandrahonana antserasera tsy mila [dingana'] ara-pitsarana” ny polisy.
21Twitter user Sultan Rajab, a tax and financial consultant in Tanzania, said he thought well of the bill, but was concerned about the powers it bestows upon police:Nilaza ilay mpisera Twitter Sultan Rajab, mpanolo-tsaina momba ny haba sy ny vola ao Tanzania fa tsara ilay volavolan-dalàna, saingy mampanahy azy ny fahefana atolony ho an'ny polisy :
22@JMakamba it is a good bill/law.Tsara ilay Lalàna/volavolan-dalàna.
23I am worried about the power given to our police.
24Ignorant & low income earners might suffer.Miahiahy ny fahefana omena ny polisintsika aho.
25- Sultan Rajab (@SultanKipupwe) April 1, 2015Mety hijaly ireo kely fidiram-bola sy ny tsy mahalala
26The bill also criminalizes the sending of information “without prior solicitation” by electronic means.Manameloka ny fandefasana vaovao “manelingelina” alefa amin'ny fitaovana elektronika ihany koa ny volavolan-dalàna.
27While this section is intended to address spam and phishing attacks, it could be interpreted quite broadly.Raha natao hiadiana amin'ny spam sy ny famitahana (“phishing”) ity lalàna ity, nefa azo raisina ho midadasika kokoa.
28Maria Sarungi Tsehai, a communications expert and founder of the organisation Change Tanzania, asked:Maria Sarungi Tsehai, manam-pahaizana manokana momba ny fifandraisana sady mpanorina ny fikambanana Change Tanzania, nanontany hoe:
29“@jpb4rretto: @MariaSTsehai How is any message transmitted with solicitation?Ahoana izany hoe hafatra notadiavina [tsy manelingelina] izany?
30Call me and ask me to write you and email? #CyberCrimeBill“Antsoy aho ary iangavio aho hanoratra any aminao sy handefa mailaka“
31- Maria Sarungi Tsehai (@MariaSTsehai) April 2, 2015 The Cyber Crime Bill relates to the aforementioned new bills on Access to Information, Media Services, and Statistics - all of which could have a serious impact on free expression in Tanzania.Ny Volavolan-dalàna momba ny Heloka an-tserasera dia misy ifandraisany amin'ireo volavolan-dalàna vaovao efa voalaza eo ambony momba ny Fahazoam-baovao, ny Raharahan'ny Fampitam-baovao ary ny Antontanisa - ary ireo rehetra ireo dia mety hisy fiantraikany ratsy eo amin'ny fahalalaham-pitenenana ao Tanzania.
32But unlike the Cyber Crime Bill, none of these three bills have been shared with the public in their current versions.Saingy tsy tahaka ny Volavolan-dalàna momba ny Heloka Antserasera, fa samy tsy nozaraina tamin'ny vahoaka tamin'ny firafiny ankehitriny ireo volavolan-dalàna telo ireo.
33Commenters on social media and journalists are sharing opinions on why they think the Tanzanian government has an interest in keeping these bills from the public, while at the same time rushing the process.Mizara ny heviny mikasika ny antony mahatonga ny governemanta Tanzaniana tsy hamoaka izany volavolan-dalàna izany amin'ny vahoaka kanefa manafaingana ny fizotry ny fampandaniana azy ny mpaneho hevitra ao amin'ny haino aman-jery sosialy sy ny mpanao gazety.
34Some question if it is due to the fact that Tanzania is preparing for elections in late October 2015.Manontany ny sasany raha noho i Tanzania miomana amin'ny fifidianana amin'ny volana Oktobra 2015 no mahatonga izany.
35Tanzania's ruling party, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), over the past few years increasingly has confronted the growing influence of opposition parties.Tao anatin'izay taona vitsy izay, niatrika ny fitomboan-kerin'ny antoko mpanohitra ny antokon'ny Fitondrana Tanzaniana, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM).
36At the same time, journalists and media have also faced threats and violence.Ao anatin'izany, niatrika fandrahonana sy herisetra ihany koa ireo mpanao gazety sy ny fampitam-baovao.
37Writing on Washington Post blog, Keith Weghorst and Ruth Carlitz argue that fast-tracking the bills is “consistent with the behavior of a ruling party willing to hold onto power at all costs.”Tao amin'ny bilaogin'ny Washington Post, nilaza i Keith Weghorst sy Ruth Carlitz fa “mifanaraka amin'ny fitondran-tenan'ny antokon'ny fitondrana vonona hihazona ny fahefana amin'ny fomba rehetra ny fanafainganana ny fandaniana ny volavolan-dalàna.”
38They write, “The more that the government can weaken the legitimacy of opposition criticism-by monopolizing the flow of public information-the better they are positioned to prevent scandals and poor performance from hurting them at the polls.”Hoy izy ireo nanoratra, “Arakaraky ny ahafahan'ny governemanta mampalemy ny tsikeran'ny mpanohitra - amin'ny alalan'ny fanaovana ampihimamba ny fivezivezen'ny vaovao - no mampijoro azy ireo tsara kokoa hisoroka ny fanafintohinana sy ny zava-bita tsy mamely mety hanimba azy ireo amin'ny fifidianana.”
39Thinklessandactmore was impressed that Tanzania has realized the need to regulate the Internet use, but said the bill was rushed into parliament:Gaga i Thinklessandactmore fa tonga saina ny amin'ny tokony handaminana ny fampiasana ny aterineto i Tanzania, saingy nilaza koa izy fa nohafainganina tao amin'ny parlemanta ny volavolan-dalàna:0
40It's important to have [a] law that would regulate online activities and the use of internet but it should be done in a right way.Zava-dehibe ny manana [ny] lalàna mandamina ny zavatra atao ao amin'ny aterineto sy ny fampiasana aterineto, saingy tokony hatao amin'ny fomba mety izany.
41There is no hurry in having such law; there was none in the past 53 years of independence.Tsy misy mahamaika ny hametrahana lalàna tahaka izany; tsy nisy na inona na inona nandritra ny 53 taonan'ny fahaleovan-tena.
42If it takes one or two years to have a better cyber-crime law be it so, let's conduct enough research on the issues; collect different opinions about the bill before it is present in the parliament.Raha mila herintaona na roa ny fananana lalàna momba ny heloka bevava an-tserasera tsara kokoa, dia avelao handeha araka izany, andeha hanao fikarohana ampy momba ity lohahevitra ity, manangona ny hevitra isan-karazany momba ny volavolan-dalàna alohan'ny hanolorana azy ao amin'ny parlemanta.
43Lwanda Magere, a software engineer, accused its authors of using a “copy-paste” strategy:Lwanda Magere, injenieran'ny rindrambaiko niampanga ireo tompon'andraikitra ho mampiasa tetikadin'ny “dika petaka“:
44Cyber Crime Bill Tanzania: copied and pasted, almost zero ability to implement.Lalànan'ny Heloka Antserasera ao Tanzania: natao dika-petaka, aotra ny fahaizana manatanteraka.
45- Lwanda Magere (@nndekindo) April 7, 2015 Tanzanian blogger PATO jokingly shared a photo showing the number of members of parliament who passed the bill:Nizara sary am-pamazivaziana ahitana ny isan'ireo mpikambana ao amin'ny parlemanta izay nandany ny volavolan-dalàna ilay bilaogera Tanzaniana PATO:
46These are your MPs that passed the #CyberCrimeBill y'day!
47Vote wisely in October fellas! pic.twitter.com/pEScSHYYPZIreo ny solombavambahoakanareo izay nandany ny Lalàna momba ny Heloka Antserasera!
48- PATO♠️ (@PatNanyaro) April 2, 2015Mahaiza mandanjalanja rehefa hifidy amin'ny Oktobra ry zalahy!