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1India's Justice System Is in a Sorry, Sorry StateMampalahelo, Tena Mampalahelo Ny Toerana Misy Ny Rafi-Pitsaràna Ao India
2Image from Flickr by Krishnaraj Rao.Sary avy amin'ny Flickr, an'i Krishnaraj Rao.
3Used under a CC license BY-ND 2.0Nampiasàna ny CC license BY-ND 2.0
4A couple of months back the Indian judicial system set social media, local news and many a household abuzz by handing Bollywood star Salman Khan a five-year jail term for a 2002 hit-and-run incident.Soratra etsy anaty sary: Ambony=>Tsy manome fanazavana ho antsika momba ny tsy ahavitany mitsara ara-potoana ny rafi-pitsarana Ambany=>Eo fotsiny hitazonana ny tombontsoan'ireo mpitsara sy ny fitadiavam-bolan'ireo kabinetran'ny mpisolovava ve ny fitsaràna? Ambinambin-javatra saro-tadiavina sisa ny rariny
5Roa volana lasa teo izay dia naresaka tety anaty media sosialy sy ny vaovao tao an-toerana ary ny tokantrano maro ny rafi-pitsaràna Indiana noho ny nanomezany didy famonjàna mandritry ny dimy taona ho an'ilay kintan'ny Bollywood Salman Khan tamin'ny raharaha fandosirana andraikitra taorian'ny loza nataony ny taona 2002.
6Two days after the court's decision, however, his sentence was suspended by Bombay High Court and he was swiftly released on bail, turning public attention towards a judicial system that is frequently seen as non-transparent, unfair and - if you are not a Bollywood film star - very, very slow.Kanefa, andro roa taorian'ny fanapahankevitry ny fitsaràna, dia naaton'ny Fitsaràna Ambony ao Bombay ny saziny ary vetivety foana izy dia navotsotra rehefa nahaloa onitra, nahatonga ny sain'ny olona hitodika hijery ilay rafi-pitsarana izay matetika no noraisina ho tsy mangaraharaha, mitanila sy mihisatra, tena mihisatra - raha toa ianao tsy kintan'ny Bollywood.
7Salman Khan's Bail: Is Salman Khan Making A Mockery Of Our Judicial System?Onitr'i Salman Khan: Maneso ny Rafi-Pitsarantsika Ve i Salman Khan? Ahoana No Hevitry Ny Tanora Indiana.
8What The Indian Youth Thinks. http://t.co/B2iQ2LIyEQ via @MensXP - Main Hoon Na (@SwachhPolitics) May 16, 2015Tsara ny mahita fa tsy ny olona rehetra no jamban'ny maha-kintana an'i Salman Khan
9There has always been a feeling India's elite can get away with any wrong-doing while the average even middle class Indian citizen would have faced a much different (read severe) punishment had they been behind the wheel in a hit and run case.Efa nisy hatrizay ny fahatsapana hoe tafavoaka amin'izay rehetra hadisoana vitany ny sangany ao India, raha ireo avy amin'ny saranga antonony ao India kosa mety hiatrika fanasaziana faran'izay hafa tanteraka amin'izany (raiso hoe henjana) mety hidoboka am-ponja raha izy ireo no teo amin'ny familiana taminà raharaha fandosirana andraikitra rehefa nandona olona.
10But the Salman Khan ruling was the just tip of the iceberg.Saingy ny tendro bitiky ny ranomandry ihany io didy ho an'i Salmna Khan io.
11The Indian Judicial system is plagued by serious and long-term problems.Kikisan'ny olana faran'izay henjana sy maharitra ny rafi-pitsarana indiana.
12Consider the case of Machal Lalung, an Indian living in the Silchang village in the state of Assam.Ndeha horaisintsika ny raharaha Machal Lalung, Indiana iray monina any amin'ny vohitr'i Silchang ao amin'ny fanjakàna Assam.
13Machal spent 54 years in an Indian jail without facing trial despite no specific charges.Machal dia nandany 54 taona tany am-ponja Indiana, tsy nandalo fitsaràna na tsy mbola nisy aza vesatra anenjehana azy manokana.
14When he was 23, Machal went missing from his village and a record in Guwahati Jail reveals that he was booked under Section 326 of the Indian Penal Code - ‘voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means'.Fony izy 23 taona, tsy hita tao an-tanànany i Machal ary firaketana iray tao amin'ny Fonja Guwahati no nahitàna fa voatazona amin'ny Antoko 326 amin'ny Lalàna Famaizana Indiana izy - ‘niteraka ratra goavana niniana natao taminà fitaovam-piadiana na fitaovana mitera-doza'.
15If found guilty, the maximum penalty under this section would have required him to spend 10 years in prison.Raha voaheloka amin'izany, ny sazy ambony indrindra faritan'ny lalàna amin'io antoko io dia mety hanery azy hifonja mandritry ny 10 taona.
16Instead, he was forgotten about and spent more than five decades there.Tsy izany anefa, adino ny momba azy ary efa maherin'ny dimampolo taona no nefainy tao.
17Machal was released in July 2005 and died two years later.Navotsotra tamin'ny Jolay 2005 i Machal ary maty roa taona taorian'izay.
18But the Indian court system is filled with stories of people who have had to wait decades languishing in jails waiting for trials.Fa feno tantaran'olona izay tsy maintsy niandry ampolon-taona maro tany am-ponja ny mba hitsaràna azy ireo ny rafi-pitsaràna Indiana.
19One reason for the maze of delays in administering justice is the shortage of judges - India has only 13 judges in the lower courts per million people, comparing to more than 55 judges for every million people in the US.Antony iray mahatonga ny fihemorana amin'ny fanaovana fitsaràna ny tsy fahampian'ny isan'ireo mpitsara - mpitsara 13 monja ho an'ny olona iray tapitrisa no ananan'i India raha oharina amin'ireo mpitsara 55 mahery isaky ny olona iray tapitrisa any Etazonia.
20This shortage is complemented by Indian lawyers who demand hearings one after another in order to collect fees.Ireo Indiana mpisolovava no mameno io fahabangàna io amin'ny alàlan'ny fitakiana fotoam-pitsarana mifanesisesy mba hakàna vola.
21DAKHS is an independent, professional, apolitical, not-for-profit organisation based in Bangalore, which is working on the rule of law project focusing on the pendency and backlogs in the Indian courts.Fikambanana iray miahy tena, matianina, tsy manao politika ary tsy mikatsaka tombontsoa miorina ao Bangalore ny DAKHS , izay miasa manodidina ny tetikasa Fifehezan'ny lalàna mifantoka amin'ny raharaha iray nefa nentina taminà fitsaràna roa samihafa, sy ny fitarazohana any anatin'ny fitsaràna Indiana.
22Kavya Murthy at DAKSH blog writes:Ao amin'ny bilaogin'ny DAKSH, manoratra i Kavya Murthy hoe:
23The problem of pendency - all cases instituted but not disposed of, regardless of when the case was instituted in the courts - we have found, is a much studied one, accompanied as it is with a widely held common sense that sees the judiciary as several steps behind its potential in being unable to deliver timely justice.Ny olan'ireo raharaha iray nefa entina taminà fitsarana roa samihafa samy mahefa hitanay - vita fandihadiana saingy tsy voahilika ny raharaha rehetra, raha tsy hojerentsika ny fotoana nahavitan'ny fanadihadiana teny amin'ny fitsaràna - dia ny raharaha iray nohalalinina fatratra, narahana tamin'ny naha-izy azy sy narahana tamin'ny fomba fijery iraisana izay mahita ny rafi-pitsarana sy ireo dingana marobe ao ambadiky ny tena fahafaha-manaony nefa tsy mahavita mitsara ara-potoana.
24“Justice hurried is justice buried” and “Justice delayed is justice denied”: commonly understood maxims that tell us that the quality of justice is very much dependent on the time taken to deliver it.“Fitsaràna toy ny tsy misy ny fitsaràna ihazakazahana” ary “ny fitsarana ahemotra dia fitsarana lavina”: ireo rijanteny iarahan'ny rehetra mahalàla, izay milaza amintsika fa tena faran'izay miankina/voafatotra ny kalitaon'ny fitsarana amin'ny fotoana napetraka hanaovana azy.
25Across all Indian courts there were more than 30 million open cases in the country at the end of 2013.Manerana ireo fitsarana Indiana rehetra, tany amin'ny faran'ny taona 2013 dia nisy tranga nihoatra ny 30 tapitrisa nisokatra tao amin'ny firenena.
26According to Bloomberg Businessweek's calculations, “if the nation's judges attacked their backlog nonstop - with no breaks for eating or sleeping - and closed 100 cases every hour, it would take more than 35 years to catch up.”Araka ny kajikajin'ny Bloomberg Businessweek, “raha toa ka mandray an-tànana tsy ankitsahatra ireo raharaha mitarazoka ao aminy ireo mpitsara ao amin'ny firenena - tsy misakafo sy tsy matory - ary mahavita tranga 100 isaky ny ora iray, dia maherin'ny 35 taona no ilaina hanenjehana an'izany.”
27Pavan Kulkarni writes at India Together:Pavan Kulkarni manoratra ao amin'ny India Together:
28Harish Narasappa, the co-founder of Daksh, drew attention to the dismaying numbers of pending cases, that we see published in newspapers every few months: “3 crores in the lower courts, 45 lakhs in high courts and between 65,000 and one lakh cases pending in the Supreme Court, depending on which part of the year you look at the data.”Harish Narasappa, mpiara-manorina ny Daksh, dia nisintona ny saina ho amin'ny isa mahavalalalin'ireo raharaha mihantona ao, izay hitantsika navoaka tamin'ny gazety isaky ny volana vitsivitsy: “30 tapitrisa any amin'ny fitsarana ambany, 4.500.000 any amin'ny fitsaràna ambony ary eo anelanelan'ny 65.000 sy 100.000 ny raharaha mihantona ao amin'ny Fitsarana An-tampony, miankina amin'ny vanin-taona ijerenao ny angon-drakitra.”
29But there has been no analysis of what these numbers mean.Saingy tsy nisy fandalinana mikasika izay dikan'ireny isa ireny.
30What does it mean when we say there are 3 crore cases pending?Midika inona rehefa miteny isika hoe misy 30 tapitrisa ny raharaha mihantona?
31How long has each case been pending?Hafiriana no nihantonan'ny raharaha tsirairay?
32And why is it taking such a long time to decide each of these cases?Ary nahoana no fotoana ela be tahàka izany no raisina mba hanapahana hevitra momba ireny tranga ireny?
33These are questions pertinently raised by Narasappa.Izany no fanontaniana tena mitombina napetrak'i Narasappa.
34According to the Prison Statistics Report published by National Crime Records Bureau of India, at the end of 2013 there were a total of 267,503 undertrial prisoners in the country.Araka ny Tatitra momba ny Antontanisan'ny Fonja tamin'ny faran'ny 2013, navoakan'ny Biraom-Pirenena Firaketana momba ny Heloka Bevava ao India, dia nisy 267.503 no fitambaran'ny voafonja miandry fitsaràna tao amin'ny firenena.
35The total number of jail inmates was found to be 411,992, up by almost 7% compared to the previous report.Ny fitambaran'ireo mpiara-mifonja dia 411.992, niakatra eo amin'ny 7% raha mitaha amin'ny tatitra teo aloha.
36The lack of trials is taking its toll on jails already running above their capacities.Manana ny anjarany amin'ny fiakaran'ny isan'ireo efa any am-ponja, mihoatra noho izay zakany, ny tsy fahampian'ny fitsarana.
37In 2011, the occupancy rate was 112.Ny 2011, ny tahan'ny fampiasàna ny fonja dia 112.
381% increasing to 112.1% niakatra ho 112.
392% in 2012 and 118.2% ny 2012 ary 118.
404% by 2013.4% ny 2013.
41Catering for the growing number of prisoners is eating into the country's budget.Ny famahànana ireo voafonja tsy mitsahatra mitombo ireo no mihinana ny tetibolan'ny firenena.
42To ensure long-pending cases and those involving undertrials are resolved, the government set up fast-track courts in 2000.Mba hiantohana ny famahàna ireo raharaham-pitsarana mihantona sy ireo tafiditra amin'ny hoe mbola miandry fitsarana, dia nametraka ny antsoina hoe “Fitsarana malaky” ny governemanta tamin'ny 2000.
43Back then, the central government allotted financial resources to setup 1,734 courts and a central grant was made available to them for an initial period of five years, later extended till 2011.Tamin'izany, nanokana tetibola mihitsy ny governemanta foibe mba hametrahana fitsarana niisa 1.734 ary nisy ny fametrahana foibe fanohanana ara-bola azon'izy ireo raisina nandritry ny fotoam-panombohana naharitra dimy taona, nitarina hatramin'ny 2011 taty aoriana.
44However, when the funding was discontinued and the responsibility fell on State governments, many fast track courts simply shut down and according to the Ministry of Law and Justice, there were just 976 fast track courts functional in August 2014.Na izany aza, rehefa tapaka ny fanohanana ara-bola ary nianjera ho any amin'ny governemantam-panjakana ny andraikitra, maro ireo “fitsarana malaky” no nikatona tsotra izao fotsiny ary araka ny nambaran'ny Ministeran'ny Lalàna sy ny Fitsarana, 976 monja no “fitsarana malaky” nanohy niasa tamin'ny Aogositra 2014.
45Although it was revealed that these courts handled more than 3.8 million cases, doubts over the quality of the verdicts still lingered.Na dia nampahafantarina aza fa nahavita niatrika raharaha maherin'ny 3,8 tapitrisa ireny “fitsarana malaky” ireny, mbola mitoetra hatrany ny fisalasalana momba ny kalitaon'ny didim-pitsaràna.
46Fast track courts now look at crimes against women and children and there are plans to set up more of these courts, especially in Delhi, where 20 are expected to open this year.Mijery ny raharaha momba ny heloka natao tamin'ny vehivavy sy ny ankizy ireo “fitsarana malaky” ireo ankehitriny, ary misy drafitra hametrahana ireny “fitsarana malaky” ireny misimisy kokoa, indrindra fa ao Delhi, izay 20 no andrasana hisokatra amin'ity taona ity.
47The Indian justice system's numbers reveal an institutionalised shambles.Ireo isa mikasika ny rafi-pitsarana Indiana dia mampiseho fikorontanana iray ara-drafitra.
48It would be no exaggeration to state that the largest democracy in the world has one branch of government that has gone missing.Tsy fanitaran-javatra mihitsy ny filazana fa misy sampana iray tsy tazana ao anatin'ny governemantan'ilay demaokrasia goavana indrindra eto an-tany.
49People like Machal have literally had their lives taken away from them for no reason at all.Tena ara-bakiteny ny hoe nesorina tamin'ny tsy nisy antony ny fiainan'ireo olona tahàka an'i Machal.