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1Russia: Analysis of Hacker Attacks On BloggersRosia: Famakafakana ny hetraketraka atao amin'ny mpitoraka bilaogy
2Over the last five years, more than 40 RuNet bloggers have become targets of hacker attacks, most of which were carried out by a group of hackers named The Brigade of Hell.Tato anatin'ny 5 taona izao dia mpitoraka bilaogy miteny rosiana 40 eo ho eo no lasibatry ny piraty informatika (hackers) ka izany hetraketraka izany dia tarihan'ny vondrona mitondra ny anarana hoe The Brigade of Hell (Ny Brigadin'ny Afobe).
3The hackers' targets have been both political and commercial bloggers.Mihetraketraka ireo mpitoraka bilaogy miresaka politika sy varotra izy ireo.
4After defacing and deleting content of their victims, hackers have received no punishment.Raha mihena ny fahavitrihany na voafafan'ilay nohetraketrahana ny zavatra nosoratany dia tsy tratra izy.
5Moreover, it's been recognized that the group receives orders from high-ranking government officials when employed to attack political bloggers.Ny tena ratsy dia rehefa tafiditra any amin'ny bilaogy miresaka politika izy ireo dia voabaikon'ireo olona ambony ao amin'ny fitondrana matetika.
6The Brigade of Hell, a territorially-dispersed network consisting of nearly 20 bloggers and IT-specialists, is headed by a Germany-based hacker who calls himself Hell (also known as Helloween, Torquemada, Hacker Hell, or Great Hacker Hell).The Brigade of Hell, tambajotra-na mpitoraka bilaogy 20 miampy mana-pahaizana amin'ny internet miparitaka eran'ny firenena, dia eo ambany fitarihan'ny piraty (hacker) iray mipetraka any Alemaina fantatra amin'ny anarana hoe Hell (fantatra koa amin'ny solon'anarana hoe Helloween, Torquemada, Hacker Hell, na Great Hacker Hell).
7According to Vladimir Pribylovski [EN], a renowned dissident, historian, political analyst, and the main investigator of hacker attacks on bloggers, the group is coordinated by Timofei Shevyakov [RUS], a lead analyst of the pro-Kremlin resource politonline.ru and a former employee of the Foundation for Effective Politics [EN], the main pro-Kremlin political think tank.Araka ny voalazan'i Vladimir Pribylovski [EN], olona fanta-daza, mpahay tantara, mpandihady ny resaka politika ary indrindra koa mpanao fanadihadihana ireo mpitoraka bilaogy lasibatry ny hosoka, dia eo ambany fitarihan'i Timofei Shevyakov [RUS], anankiray amin'ireo mpandihady tena ikoizana ao amin'ny vohikala politonline.ru mpanohana an'i Kremlin io vondrona io, sady mpiasa taloha tao amin'ny foundation for Effective Politics [EN] ihany koa.
8A screenshot of the site "Virtual Inquisition", the main medium of hacker 'Hell'.Sary bilaogy nanaovan'i Hell hetraketraka.
9The first attacks began at the end of 2005 and were initially carried out by Hell and another highly-skilled hacker, Kazakhstan-based Yuri Makhno [RUS] (also known as maxho_mactep, mactep_maxho).Nanomboka tamin'ny faran'ny taona 2005 ny fanaovana hosoka voalohany ary notarihan'i Hell izany, nampian'i Yuri Makhno [RUS] (fantatra koa amin'ny solon'anarana hoe maxho_mactep, mactep_maxho).
10The first hacker attacks were performed in two steps.Natao indroa miantoana ny fanaovana hosoka informatika tamin'izany.
11First, a hacker would get access to the blog (most of the hacked accounts were based on LiveJournal), deface it, and delete the content.Miditra ao amin'ny bilaogy aloha ny hacker (ny ankamaroan'ireo kaonty nanaovana hosoka dia avy amin'ny bilaogy LiveJournal daholo), mampihen-danja ny bilaogy ary mamono ny soratra ao anatiny.
12Then, another hacker would contact the victim offering help in restoring access to the blog in order to gain the victim's trust.Avy eo misy mpanao hosoka hafa miantso ilay niharam-boina ary miezaka maka ny fony ka manolo-tanana azy hanamboatra ny bilaogy voafafa.
13Everything would happen within several hours of the hacking action, so the blogging platform's technical support had little or no time to intervene.Miseho ora vitsy aorian'ny hisehoan'ny fanaovana hosoka daholo izany rehetra izany, ka tsy misy na tsy ampy ny fotoana hampiasana ny fanampiana teknika atolotry ny ao amin'ny bilaogy.
14After the initial attacks, LiveJournal started to make backups for all the blogs it hosted.Taorian'io hetraketraka voalohany io dia nanao dika mitovy ireo bilaogy rehetra ao aminy ny LiveJournal.
15As the Russian election period was approaching (the parliamentary election in December 2007, the presidential election in March 2008), the activity of the hacker group rose exponentially.Rehefa antomotra ny fifidianana (fifidianana solombavam-bahoaka tamin'ny 2007, fifidianana filoham-pirenena tamin'ny martsa 2008), dia nihaniroborobo ny asan'ireo hackers.
16Eighteen of the 43 known hacker attacks took place during 2007.18 tamin'ireo hosoka 43 hita no niseho tamin'ny taona 2007.
17Both liberal and conservative political bloggers were attacked (including a nationalist politician Viktor Alksnis [EN], as well as a number of websites of the liberal “Yabloko” [EN] party).Ny bilaogy politika, na ny mitana ny nentin-drazana izany na ny tsy miankina, dia samy lasibatry ny mpanao hosoka daholo (ary na dia ny an'ilay mahery fo Viktor Alksnis [EN], sy vohikala marobe an'ny antoko Libéral “Yabloko” [EN] aza).
18At the same time, journalists and investigative bloggers were attacked (e.g., a top-ranking blogger Andrei Malgin [RUS], or Yelena Tokareva, executive editor of the online tabloid stringer.ru).Etsy ankilan'izany koa dia mpanao gazety maro sy mpitoraka bilaogy maro hafa koa no niharan'ny hosoka (ohatra amin'ireny ilay mpitoraka bilaogy malaza Andrei Malgin [RUS], sy Yelena Tokareva, mpanoratra mafana fo ao amin'ny stringer.ru).
19A full list of hacked accounts with dates of the attacks and background on the Brigade of Hell is available here [RUS].Afaka jerena eto [RUS] ny lisitra feno misy ny kaonty hosoka sy momba ny Brigade of Hell.
20Another case, when a hacker attack was used for a political reason, was the Russian-Georgian war of August 2008.Ny ady nifanandrinan'i Rosia sy Georgie tamin'ny taona 2008 koa dia anisan'ireo nampiasana hosoka informatika koa noho ny antony ara-politika.
21The blog of Oleg Panfilov [RUS], a Russian journalist who took the Georgian side in the conflict, was hacked two weeks after the start of the war.Ny bilaogin'i Oleg Panfilov [RUS], mpanao gazety manohana an'i Georgie, dia niharan'ny hetraketraka tapa-bolana taorian'ny nanombohan'ny fifandirana.
22Later, Panfilov himself had to move to Georgia due to personal security reasons: he had received several threats of physical reprisal.Taty aoriana, dia voatery tsy maintsy nifindra monina nankany Georgie i Panfilov ho fitandroana ny ainy : efa naharay fandrahonana maro izy .
23The blog of Vladimir Varfolomeev [EN], deputy executive editor of the liberal radio station Echo Moskvy, was hacked after a critical post on Russian economy and censorship practiced in Russian newspapers: he had claimed that newspapers were forbidden to use the word “crisis” and to write about the recession.Ny bilaogin'i Vladimir Varfolomeev [EN], lehiben'ny famoaham-baovao ao amin'ny radio Echo Moskvy, no niharan'ny hetraketraka informatika taorian'ny famoahana ny lahatsoratra nanindrona mikasika ny toe-karena rosiana sy ny sivana nahazo ny gazety tany an-toerana : nosoratany tamin'izay fa tsy mahazo manoratra ny teny hoe “krizy” ny gazety sady tsy mahazo manoratra mikasika ny fitotongan'ny ekonomia.
24A couple of months later, the exchange rate of the Russian ruble rose almost twice towards the U.S.. dollar, while the country's economy faced a downfall as a part of the global recession [EN].Roa volana taty aoriana dia niakatra avo roa heny ny vidin'ny vola rouble rosiana raha ampitahaina amin'ny dolara amerikana, kanefa mitotongana ny toe-karena izay anatin'ny krizy erantany [EN].
25Varfolomeev later explained [RUS] the attack:Varfolmeev manazava ny anton'ny ny hetraketraka:
26Some people think that the hijacking of the blog had been prepared long in advance.Mihevitra ny olona sasany fa efa nomanina fotoana ela mialoha ny fanaovana hosoka informatika.
27Probably it was like they said - from time to time, I used to receive signals with threats.Mety ho izany angamba, indraindray aho maharay hafatra mifono fandrahonana.
28On the other hand, I think the last straw was my recent post about the Kremlin's financial censorship; it got way too much exposure.Inoako fa ny mahatsoratro mikasika ny sivana ara-bola ao Kremlin no rano kely nahatondraka ny ony : lasa nahoraka be mantsy ilay resaka.
29Most of the hijacking cases were carried out through e-mail hacking.Ny ankamaroan'ny hetraketraka informatika dia tsy maintsy mandalo eo amin'ny hafatra elekronika avokoa.
30The New Times explained [RUS] how it worked: hackers were combining technical and “social” methods of hacking, researching their targets, then hijacking e-mail accounts with the help of additional questions (mother maiden's name, pet's name, etc.), and then attacking blog accounts.Nanazava ny fandehany ny [RUS] The New Times : mampiaraka ny tetika teknika sy “sosialy” ny piraty, mitady vaovao mikasika izay ho lasibatra, avy eo manao hosoka ny kaonty imailaka ireny amin'ny alalan'ny fametrahana “fanontaniana fanampiny” (ny anaran'ny reny, ny anaran'ny biby fiompy…); avy eo izy manafika ny bilaogy amin'izay .
31Explanations of hacker attacks were often posted at the ‘official' website of the hacker group called Virtual Inquisition [RUS] (the site seems to be authentic).Izany fanazavana izany dia avoaka matetika amin'ny Virtual Inquisition [RUS], vohikala ofisialy an'ny vondrona hacker (voamarina ny fisiany).
32The language of the site is a highly transformed Russian Internet slang with lots of cursing and personal threats towards earlier and potential future victims.Ny teny ampiasaina ao amin'ity vohikala ity dia karazana tenin-jiolahimboto fampiasa any amin'ny cyber manokana ary mifono fanompana sy fandrahonana an'ireo niharan'ny hetraketraka sy izay mbola hohetraketrahana.
33However, by the end of 2009, hacker attacks stopped.Nialoha ny faran'ny taona 2009 dia nijanona tampoka ny hosoka.
34Not for a long time, though: in spring 2010, they resumed.Kanefa fotoana fohy ihany izany: niverina indray izy nanomboka tamin'ny voalohan'ny taona 2010.
35This time, they were aimed at commercial bloggers (those who earn money by promoting certain products or services).Tamin'ity indray dia ireo bilaogy miresaka varotra no lasibatra (ireo izay maka vola amin'ny fanaovana fihenam-bidy amin'ny vokatra na tolotra omeny).
36In March 2010, the blog of Igor Bigdanov, one of the top Ukrainian bloggers, was hijacked [EN].Tamin'ny martsa 2010, ny bilaogin'i Igor Bigdanov, anankiray amin'ireo mpitoraka bilaogy Iokraniana malaza indrindra no niharan'ny hetraketraka [EN].
37Somewhat later, the blog of another top-ranking paid blogger Maxim Sviridenkov was hijacked and defaced [EN].Fotoana fohy tato aoriana, vohikalan'ny mpitoraka bilaogy malaza hafa koa, Maxim Sviridenkov, no nanaovana hosoka sy novana endrika [EN].
38Hackers also attacked Sviridenkov's supporter Renata Guseletova, who declared publicly that hackers should be prosecuted.Nanafika an'i Renata Gueseletova koa ny piraty, Reneta izay mpanohana an'i Maxim Sviridenkov, izay nilaza ampahibemaso fa tokony hotoriana ireo mpanao hosoka informatika.
39The attacks on the blog and Facebook account of journalist Igor Maltsev took place next [EN].Avy eo dia anjaran'ny [EN] bilaogy sy ny pejy Facebook an'ilay mpanao gazety Igor Maltsev indray no tratra.
40After the attack, Sviridenkov called for justice [RUS], especially considering the fact that the alleged hacker lived on the territory of the European Union (several victims spotted German IP-addresses of several attacks) - he asked his readers to spread the news about the attack.Taorian'ny fanaovana hosoka, nitaky ny hisian'ny rariny i Maxim Sviridenkov, rehefa noheverina fa monina ao anatin'ny faritry ny Vondrona Eoropeana ireo piraty na mpanao hosoka (maro amin'ireo niharam-boina no nanamarika ny adiresy IP avy any Alemaina). Niangavy ireo mpamaky azy izy hanely ny vaovao mahakasika ny hosoka.
41To back up his words with actions, Sviridenkov filed a complaint [RUS] with the Russian police.Noporofoiny amin'ny hetsika ny teny nataony, nametraka fitoriana tany amin'ny polisy rosiana i Sviridenkov.
42Several conclusions can be made.Maro no azo tsoahina amin'izany rehetra izany.
43Voalohany, ny mpitoraka bilaogy tsirairay (na monina any Rosia izy na tsia) dia mety ho lasibatry ny hosoka informatika avokoa raha mbola mijoro koa ny vondrona Brigadin'ny Afobee of Hell.
44First, every blogger (both in Russia and elsewhere) is a potential target of blog hijacking as long as the Brigade of Hell exists. Currently hackers enjoy impunity, while bloggers can only resort to tightening blog and e-mail security, but cannot rely on legal enforcement.Amin'izao fotoana izao aloha, mbola manohy ny asany ireo mpanao hosoka ireo sady mbola tsy voasazy, raha tsy manana afa-tsy ny fanamafisana ny fiarovana ny bilaoginy sy ny hafatra imailakany no hany azon'ny mpitoraka bilaogy atao, ary tsy afaka manantena fanampiana avy amin'ny fitsarana akory.
45Second, currently the hacker group is not receiving orders to attack political bloggers, but is spending its time on commercial cases.Faharoa, tsy mahazo baiko hanao hosoka any amin'ny bilaogy politika aloha amin'izao fotoana izao ny hackers fa ireo bilaogy miresaka varotra no ataony lasibatra.
46However, this is likely to change closer to the upcoming elections.Kanefa mety hiova izany rehefa manakaiky ny fotoanan'ny fifidianana.
47Third, the most significant hacker methods are social - bloggers who deal with controversial issues should be careful about the information they leave about themselves on the Web.Fahatelo, ny fomba fanaovana hosoka tena ampiasainy dia ny “sosialy”. Ireo mpitoraka bilaogy miresaka zavatra saro-pady dia tsy maintsy mailo amin'ny filazana ny momba azy manokana any amin'ny internet any.