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1 | Three Issues That Undermine Chile's Once Popular President | Olana Telo Mikiky Ny Filoha Nalaza Indray Mandeha Tao Chile |
2 | Chile's President Michelle Bachelet, once on the top of popularity now has to deal with a disapproval rating of 65%. | Ankehitriny , tsy maintsy miatrika ny 65% tsy fankatoavana azy i Michelle Bachelet, filohan'i Chile, indray mandeha nahazo ny laza faratampony. |
3 | Photo taken from the Flickr account of Oscar Ordenes under Creative Commons license. | Sary avy amin'ny kaonty Flickr an'i Oscar Ordenes, nampiasàna ny lisansa Creative Commons |
4 | This article by Consuelo Cortés Abad was originally published on NACLA's website and is republished here as part of a content-sharing agreement. | Navoaka voalohany tao amin'ny tranonkalan'ny NACLA ity lahatsoratr'i Consuelo Cortés Abad ity ary naverina navoaka etoana noho ny fifanarahna fifampizaràna votoaty |
5 | Chile's Socialist president, Michelle Bachelet, was once one of the most popular leaders in Latin America, but a year into her second term in office her popularity has plummeted. | Efa indray mandeha isan'ny iray tamin'ireo mpitarika nalaza indrindra tao Amerika Latina i Michelle Bachelet, filoha Sosialista ao Chile, fa ny fe-potoam-piasany faharoa nitantanany no nitontongana ny lazany. |
6 | One cannot engage in political discussion anywhere in Chile without hearing strong criticism of her government. | Na aiza na aiza ao Chile, tsy misy olona miresaka politika ka tsy ahenoana tsikera mafy noho ny fitondrany. |
7 | According to the Santiago-based Center for Public Studies (CEP), by late April just 29% of respondents approved of her leadership, while 56% disapproved. | Araka ny voalazan'ny Foibem-pianaram-bahoaka (CEP) manana ny foibeny ao Santiago , tamin'ny faran'ny volana Aprily, 29% tamin'ireo namaly ny fitsapankevitra no nanaiky ny fitondrany, raha 56% no nitsipaka. |
8 | More recent polling has her disapproval rating up to 65%. | 65% ny tsy fankasitrahana azony tamin'ny fitsapankevitra vao haingana indrindra. |
9 | These levels of disapproval are almost as high as those obtained by her predecessor, the conservative Sebastian Piñera. | Efa avo dia avo ireo tahan'ny tsy fankasitrahana azy ireo raha oharina amin'ny an'ilay mpitahiry ny nentin-drazana, Sebastian Piñera, nodimbiasany. |
10 | Bachelet was elected with 62% of the vote, so what explains the current downturn? | Voafidy tamin'ny isam-bato 62% i Bachelet, noho izany inona no manazava ny fitotonganana amin'izao fotoana izao? |
11 | The strongest public disapproval-much of it predictable and ideological-has come from right-wing and middle-class business owners, and has been directed at recent tax and education reforms. | Ny tsy fankasitrahana goavan'ireo vahoaka - maro amin'io izay azo nofantarina mialoha sy ideolojika - no avy amin'ny elatra havanana sy saranga afovoan'ireo tompona fandraharahana, ary avy amin'ny fanavaozana vao haingana natao tamin'ny hetra sy ny fanabeazana. |
12 | Indeed, bills introduced during her new term focusing on education, tax reform, labor, and the decriminalization of abortion, have all proven unpopular. | Marina tokoa, ireo tolo-dalàna nanpidirina nandritra ny fe-potoam-piasany vaovao izay nifantoka tamin'ny fanabeazana, fanavaozan-ketra, ny asa ary ny fandraràna ny fanalan-jaza, dia voaporofo daholo ho tsy mamim-bahoaka. |
13 | But the wave of political scandals that has made headlines in recent months may be more telling as they have alienated her from much of her center-left base. | Saingy ny fisafotofoton'ireo tantara ratsy ara-politika izay nanome ireo lohateny vaventy nandritry ny volana vitsivitsy angamba no mety milaza betsaka kokoa azy ireny satria mamatotra betsaka azy amin'ny fototra afovoany-havia niaviany. |
14 | The tax reform approved in September of 2014 is intended to increase tax revenue in order to finance education, health and other public services. | Ny fanavaozan-ketra nankatoavina ny Septambra 2014 dia natao mba hampitomboana ny fampidiram-bola amin'ny hetra hahafahana mamatsy ny fanabeazana, ny fitsaboana ary ny asam-panjakana hafa. |
15 | While it reduces the highest tax rate from 40% to 35%, it aims to significantly increase the taxes paid by businesses. | Mitsinjo tsara ny hampitomboana ny hetra aloan'ireo mpandraharaha io na dia mampihena ny tahan'ny hetra avo indrindra avy amin'ny 40% mankany amin'ny 35% aza. |
16 | Beginning in 2018, business owners will be taxed on total profits, as tax exemptions on reinvested profits, via the Taxable Profits Fund (FUT), will cease. | Manomboka amin'ny taona 2018, handoa hetra amin'ny tombom-barotra manontolo azony ireo tompona fandraharahàna, ary hitsahatra ireo fangatahana tsy hanoa hetra avy amin'ireo tombony azo ka naverina nampiasaina, amin'ny alàlan'ny Tahirimbolan'ny Tombombarotra Azo akàna Hetra (FUT). |
17 | While the FUT has been used to defer paying taxes, sometimes indefinitely, pro market critics say it has served as an important tool for spurring investment. | Rehefa nampiasaina ny FUT mba hanemorana ny fandoavana hetra, matetika mandritry ny fotoana tsy voafetra, milaza ny tsikeran'ireo mpomba ny tsena fa fitaovana iray nampiasaina io ho famporisihana ny fampiasam-bola goavana. |
18 | These conservatives say this reform will cause instability, leading foreign investment to decline. | Milaza ireo mpifikitra amin'ny nentin-drazana ireo fa hiteraka tsy filaminana io fanovàna io, hitarika mankany amin'ny fitontongan'ny fampiasam-bola avy any ivelany. |
19 | However, an Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) study notes that despite Chile's recent economic slowdown, foreign direct investment rose by 14% in 2014, while it dropped by 16% in the rest of Latin America. | Na izany aza, nyfanadihadiana iray nataon'ny Kaomisiona Ara-Toekarena momba an'i Amerika Latna sy Karaiba (ECLAC) dia manamarika fa na eo aza ny fitambotsoran'ny toekaren'i Chile, nitombo 14% ny fampiasam-bola mivantana avy any ivelany ny 2014, raha toa ka latsaky ny 16% izany ho an'ny ambiny ao Amerika Latina. |
20 | ECLAC's Alicia Bárcena noted in an interview: “Chile is not the only country in Latin America that has enacted tax reforms. … Foreign investors come from countries that have adopted similar reforms…” | Tao anaty tafatafa iray, nanamarika i Alicia Bárcena avy ao amin'ny ECLAC hoe: “Tsy i Chile irery no firenena ao Amerika Latina nandàny ny fanavaozana ny hetra… Ireo mpampiasa vola vahiny dia avy any amin'ireo firenena izay nampihatra ny fanovàna tahàka izany ihany koa…” |
21 | The situation became complicated for Bachelet in 2014 when tax reform and fraud converged in what became known as the Penta case. | Niha-sarotra ny toe-draharaha ho an'i Bachelet ny taona 2014 rehefa nirona nankany amin'ilay fantatra amin'ny hoe raharaha “Penta” ilay fanavaozana ny hetra sy ny fanaovana hosoka. |
22 | Internal Revenue System officials were accused of colluding to help 122 taxpayers obtain fraudulent tax refunds from the FUT. | Voampanga ho nanao kolikoly mba hanampy ireo mpandoa hetra 122 hahazo famerenam-bolan'ny hetra avy amin'ny FUT, tamin'ny fanaovana hosoka, ireo mpiasam-panjakana tao amin'ny Rafitra Anatiny Momba Ny Karama. |
23 | In return, the officials received kickbacks from the individuals who benefited. | Ho setrin'izany, nahazo vola kolikoly avy amin'ireo olona nahazo tombotsoa ireo mpiasam-panjakana ireo. |
24 | One of these was Hugo Bravo, director of Penta Bank. | Iray tamin'ireny i Hugo Bravo, lehiben'ny Penta Bank. |
25 | Prosecutors discovered that controlling partners of the Penta Group, Alberto Délano and Carlos Eugenio Lavín, claimed greater expenses than they actually had. | Saron'ireo mpampanoa lalàna fa raha narahanamaso ireo mpiara-miasa amin'ny Penta Group, Alberto Délano sy Carlos Eugenio Lavin dia nilaza fandaniam-bola goavana noho izay tena nataon'izy ireo marina. |
26 | When Hugo Bravo was dismissed from his post, he revealed to prosecutors that payoffs had been made to political campaigns-mainly those of the right-wing party, the Independent Democratic Union (UDI). | Rehefa nesorina tamin'ny toerany i Hugo Bravo, dia naborany tamin'ireo mpampanoa lalàna fa natao ho an'ireo fanentanana ara-politika ireny tsolotra ireny - indrindra fa ireo avy amin'ny antoko havanana, ny Fikambanana Demaokratika Mahaleotena (UDI) |
27 | Even though in Chile it is legal for companies to donate money to political campaigns, this is supposed to be done anonymously in order to avoid influencing a candidate's future decisions. | Ao Chile, na ara-dalàna aza ho an'ireo orinasa ny manome vola ho fampielezan-kevitra ara-politika, noeritreretina ho nomena tsy misy fitononana anarana izy io mba hialàna amin'ny fiantraikany amin'izay fanapahan-kevitry ny kandidà amin'ny ho avy. |
28 | During the Penta investigation, prosecutors discovered fraudulent receipts belonging to Sebastian Pinera's undersecretary of mining, Pablo Wagner. | Nandritra ny fanadihadiana ny Penta, nahatratra filazàm-paharaisana (rosia) hosoka tamin'i Pablo Wagner, lefitry ny mpitantsoratra momba ny harena ankibon'ny tany an'i Sebastian Pinera ireo mpampanoa lalàna. |
29 | This led to a case against a mining company called Soquimich, whose main shareholder is Julio Ponce Lerou, former son-in-law of Augusto Pinochet. | Nitondra ho amin'ny raharaha irya anenjehana ilay orinasa mpitrandraka antsoina hoe Soquimich io, izay i Julio Ponce Lerou no tena mpampiasa vola ao, vinanto fahinin'i Augusto Pinochet. |
30 | Ponce Lerou stands accused of issuing illegal false receipts to finance political campaigns on both the right (UDI) and the left (the governing New Majority). | Voampanga ho namoaka rosia hosoka mba hamatsiana miaraka ireo fanentanana ara-politika roa, ny ankavanana (UDI) sy ankavia (ny Maro an'isa Vaovao eo amin'ny fitondràna), i Ponce Lerou. |
31 | Another scandal involves President Bachelet´s son, Sebastián Dávalos, who is married to the owner of the real estate company Caval. | Tantara ratsy iray hafa an'ny zanaka lahin'i Filoha Bachelet, Sebastián Dávalos, izay nanambady ny tompon'ny orinasa Caval, mpanao fanorenana. |
32 | As project manager, Dávalos planned the purchase of three plots in Machalí in southern Chile, with full knowledge that the land's value would multiply after rezoning and new urban development. | Noho ny maha-mpitantana tetikasa azy, nanomana drafitra hividy sombin-tany telo tao Machali any atsimon'i Chile, i Dávalos, miaraka amin'ny fahafantarana fa mety hitombo ny sandan'ny tany aorian'ny famerenana mamaritra ny toerana sy fampandrosoana vaovao ny tanàn-dehibe. |
33 | Caval needed $6,500 million pesos upfront, which they used their political connections to obtain through Andrónico Luksic, vice president of Banco de Chile and one of the richest people in the country. | Nila 6.500 tapitrisa dolara pesos niaingàna ny Caval, izay nampiasàny ireo fifandraisana ara-politika nananan-dry zareo mba hahazoana izany tamin'ny alàlan'i Andrónico Luksic, filoha lefitry ny “Banco de Chile” sady iray amin'ireo mpanakarem-be ao amin'ny firenena. |
34 | Later, Dávalos and Compagnon sold the land for $9,500 million pesos, pocketing a windfall of $2,500 million pesos. | Taty aoriana, namidin'i Dávalos sy ny namany 9.500 tapitrisa dolara pesos ilay tany, nampiditra ampaosy vola 2.500 tapitrisa dolara pesos afa-karatsaka. |
35 | The case went public when a consultant sued Dávalos for non-payment, provoking an investigation. | Nanjary nalaza ny raharaha rehefa nitondra ny raharaha teny amin'ny fitsarana ny “consultant” iray noho ny tsy fandoavan'i Dávalos ny vola, nitarika fanadihadiana. |
36 | Dávalos subsequently resigned as director of the Social-Cultural Area of the Presidency and from his membership in the Socialist Party. | Taorian'izay niala tsy ho talen'ny Sehatra Sôsialy-Kolontsaina tao amin'ny Fiadidiana ny Fitondràm-panjakana sy amin'ny maha-mpikambana ao amin'ny Antoko Sosialista i Dávalos. |
37 | In response to these scandals, President Bachelet commissioned a report from a Presidential Advisory Commission, “Comisión Engel”, which proposed guidelines to regulate the financing of political campaigns, links between business and politics, conflicts of interest, and influence peddling and corruption. | Ho valin'ireny tantara ratsy ireny, nampanao tatitra iray avy amin'ny Kaomisiona Filankevitry ny Fiadidiana ny Fitondràm-panjakana, “Comisión Engel”, ny Filoha Bachelet, izay namolavola tari-dalàna mba hifehezana ny famatsiam-bola ireo fampielezankevitra ara-politika, ireo rohy misy eo amin'ny fandraharahana sy ireo politika, ireo ady tombontsoa, ary fitarihana hanao raharaha maloto sy kolikoly. |
38 | While the commission's guidelines are merely considered recommendations, the public expects to see these reforms implemented. | Raha zara fa nijery ireo tolo-kevitra natao hampiharina ilay tari-dàlan'ny kaomisiôna, ny vahoaka kosa miandrandra ny hahita ny fampiharana ireny fanavoazana ireny. |
39 | Michelle Bachelet's education reforms, for different reasons, have provoked ire from both the right and the left. | Ireo fanavaozana ny fanabeazana nataon'i Bachelet, noho ny antony samihafa, no nahatonga fahatezerana ho an'ireo ankavanana sy ankavia. |
40 | The right has objected to reforms that involve banning profits, tuition fees, and selective admissions in privately owned primary and secondary schools which receive state subsidies. | Nandroso hevitra ny hanavao ny ankavanana izay nisy fandraràna ireo tombontsoa, saram-pianarana, ary ireo fidirana arahan-tsivana amin'ireo sekoly ambaratonga voalohany sy faharoa tsy miankina, izay mandray fanampiana amin'ny fanjakana. |
41 | But the proposed reforms have also provoked discontent among university students and led to widespread protests, resulting in serious injury to Pontifice Universidad Católica student Rodrigo Áviles, who is currently in critical condition as a result of police violence. | Saingy niteraka ihany koa tsy hafaliana teo amin'ireo mpianatry ny anjerimanontolo ary hetsi-panoherana niparitaka be ireo volavolana fanavaozana, niafara tamin'ny ratra mafy ho an'i Rodrigo Áviles, mpianatry ny Pontifice Universidad Católica, izay atahorana tokoa ny ainy ankehitriny noho ny herisetran'ny polisy. |
42 | Teaching accreditation will be changed and a controller's office will be created to oversee universities. | Hiova ny fanomerana làlana amin'ny fampianarana ary hatsangana ny biraon'ny mpanara-maso mba hiandraikitra ireo anjerimanontolo |
43 | On May 21, President Bachelet guaranteed free, complete and effective higher education, without grants or loans, to many of the most vulnerable students enrolled in public universities. | Ny 21 May teo, nanome fampianarana ambony maimaim-poana sy feno ary mahomby, tsy misy fanampiana na fampitrosàna, ny filoha Bachelet ho an'ny maro tamin'ireo mpianatra marefo indrindra nisoratra anarana tamin'ireo anjerimanontolom-panjakana. |
44 | However, leftist students complain that this reform will benefit only a minority of the approximately 720,000 students currently enrolled in the country's university system. | Na izany aza, mitaraina ireo mpianatra avy ao amin'ny elatra havia fa ampahany vitsy amin'ireo mpianatra mananika ny 720.000 nisoratra anarana amin'izao fotoana izao amin'ny rafitry ny anjerimanontolom-panjakana no hahazo tombony amin'io fanavaozana io. |
45 | According to the NGO Educación 2020, students who attend private and autonomous universities (an estimated 340,000) will remain excluded, which means just over 386,000 students will benefit. | Araka ny voalazan'ny ONG Educación 2020, ireo mpianatra izay mianatra amin'ny anjerimanontolo tsy miankina sy mahaleotena dia ho voahilika (vinaniana ho mpianatra 386.000), izay midika fa mpianatra miisa 386.000 fotsiny no hahazo tombontsoa. |
46 | However, another requirement has been added: students must be from the 60% of the most economically vulnerable sectors of the population. | Na izany aza, nisy fepetra hafa nampiana ihany koa: tsy maintsy mpianatra avy amin'ireo sehatra sahirana indrindra ara-toekarena eo amin'ny mponina ny 60%. |
47 | Only families with a maximum of $200,000 pesos per capita qualify, meaning that the total number of students who will now have access to free education will be just over 232,000. | Ireo fianakaviana tsy mampiditra afa-tsy 200.000 dolara pesos isan'olona ihany no mahazo, midika fa ny isan'ireo mpianatra rehetra izay hahazo ilay fanabeazana maimaim-poana ankehitriny dia manodidina ny 232.000 ihany. |
48 | These changes were strongly criticized by students because they do nothing to end the profit motive in the education system, nor do they fully satisfy the demand for free education. | Ireo fiovàna ireo no tsikerain'ireo mpianatra mafy tokoa satria tsy misy azony atao hampitsaharana ny fikatsahana tombony eo amin'ny rafitry ny fampianarana, na hamaliany antsakany sy andavany ny fangatahana mikasika ny fanabeazana maimaim-poana. |
49 | Disappointment in Bachelet's second government is widespread and growing. | Miely patrana sy tsy mitsaha-mitombo ny fahadisoam-panantenana amin'ny governemanta faharoa tarihan'i Bachelet. |
50 | Small entrepreneurs believe that they will not benefit from tax reforms. Recent political scandals only contribute to a general mistrust of the government. | Mino ireo mpandraharaha madinika fa tsy hahazo tombony amin'ilay fanavaozana ny hetra izy ireo Mitarika fotsiny tsy fitokisana ny fitondrana amin'ny ankapobeny ireo tantara ratsy ara-politika vao haingana. |
51 | Education reforms are promoted under the banner of “free education for all,” but in fact serve only a minority of the most marginalized students. | Fanavaozana Fanabeazana no nodokadokafana, teo ambany teny faneva hoe “fanabeazana maimaim-poana ho an'ny rehetra” no nampiroboroboana ireo fanavaozana ny fanabeazana, saingy ny tena marina dia manampy monja ny vitsy an'isa amin'ireo mpianatra tena atao anjorom-bala. |
52 | It remains to be seen how Bachelet will weather this discontent, and whether or not she can effectively deal with the corruption that threatens to undermine her ability to govern. | Andrasana ny hahitàna izay fomba hiatrehan'i Bachelet izany tsy hafaliana izany, sy na tsy afaka hiatrika marina ny kolikoly izay hatahorana hanimba ny fahafahany mitondra izy. |
53 | Consuelo Cortés Abad is a law school graduate in Santiago, Chile. | Mpianatra izay nahazo diplaoma tao amin'ny sekoly fianarana lalàna ao Santiago, Chile, i Consuelo Cortés Abad. |
54 | Her writings on gender topics have been published by the newspaper El Mostrador. | Navoakan'ny gazety El Mostrado ny asa sorany momba ireo lohahevitra miresaka miralenta. |