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1Netizen Report: China Joins Russia in Crusade to Keep User Data at Government’s FingertipsNetizen Report: Manjohy ny Làlan'i Rosia i Shina, Mitàna Ireo Angon-drakitr'ireo Mpampiasa Ho Eo An-tànan'ny Governemanta
2Car with Facebook flag, Moscow 2012.Fiara miaraka amin'ny saina Facebook, Maosko 2012.
3Photo by Irina Firsova.Sary avy tamin'i Irina Firsova.
4Copyright Demotix.Fizakàmanana Demotix.
5Ahead of a meeting between Lu Wei, China's Internet czar, and several US tech companies-including Apple, Cisco, Facebook, Google, IBM, Microsoft, and Uber-Human Rights Watch published a letter asking the invited companies to publicly commit “not to enable government abuses of freedom of expression and privacy in China.”Nialoha ny fihaonana teo amin'i Lu Wei, ny mpanjakan'ny Aterineton'i Shina, sy ireo orinasa Amerikana maro momba ny teknolojia, ahitàna ny Apple, Cisco, Facebook, Google, IBM, Microsoft, ary Uber - namoaka taratasy ny Human Rights Watch nangataka ireo orinasa nasaina mba hanaiky ampahibemaso “tsy hamela ny fanararaotan'ny governemanta amin'ny fahalalahana miteny sy ny fiainana manokana any Shina.”
6This followed a broad request by China's Information Technology Security Evaluation Center asking US tech companies to begin storing data on Chinese users within China, to “not harm” national security, and “to promise to accept supervision from all parts of society.”Natao io ho tohin'ilay fangatahana lehibe nataon'ny Ivontoerana Famakafakàna ny Teknolojian'ny Fiarovana sy ny Fampitàm-baovao ao Shina, itakiana amin'ireo orinasa Amerikana mba handrakitra ny angon-drakitr'ireo mpampiasa Shinoa ao Shina, mba “tsy hanimba” ny fandriampahalemana nasiônaly, ary “mba hanome toky ny hanaiky ny fanarahamaso avy amin'ireo lafy rehetra ao amin'ny fiarahamonina.”
7China's demands are nothing new, but point to a growing global trend of large, powerful governments asking foreign technology companies to play by their rules and store citizens' data within easy reach of relevant authorities.Tsy zava-baovao ireo fangatahan'i Shina ireo, fa mitatra kosa any amin'ny fangatahana lehibe mitombo hatrany ataon'ireo governemanta matanjaka, mangataka ireo orinasanà teknolojia any ivelany mba hampiasa ireo lalànany ary handrakitra ny angon-drakitr'ireo olom-pirenena mba ho mora azon'ireo manampahefana mifandraika amin'izany.
8From Brazil to India to Vietnam, such policies have been proposed with varying degrees of success.Manomboka any Brezila ka hatrany India ka hatrany Vietnam, efa natolotra daholo ny politika sahala amin'izany, miovaova kosa ny taham-pahatanterahany.
9But with technology and political power centers like China and Russia moving forward in this realm, the trend feels more like a certainty than a threat.Fa miaraka amin'ireo teknolojia sy tanjaka ara-politikan'ireo ivontoerana sahala an'i Shina sy Rosia, izay mandroso mankany amin'io sehatra io koa, toa ho zavatra efa hihatra fa tsy fandrahonana fotsiny ilay fironana vaovao.
10The legal details of China's proposal remain unclear, but they would likely undermine the processes currently in place for requesting user data from US-based companies.Mbola manjavozavo ny andinidnininy araka ny lalàna mikasika ilay tolo-dalàna ao Shina, fa toa mety hikiky ny dingana misy eo an-toerana ankehitriny izy ireo mba hangatahana ireo angon-drakitr'reo mpampiasa avy any amin'ireo orinasa mitoetra any Amerika.
11For example, right now, any government that wishes to access Google user data must present a court order to the United States Department of Justice, which will determine its legitimacy.Ohatra, amin'izao, tokony mampiseho didim-pitsaràna any amin'ny Ministeran'ny Fitsaràna any Etazonia, izay hanamarina ny maha ara-drariny azy, izayy governemanta te-hahazo ireo angon-drakitry ny mpampiasa Google.
12Google's Law Enforcement guidelines explain that if the order satisfies US law and Google's policies, it will be fulfilled.Manazava ny taridàlan'ny fampiharana lalàna ho an‘i Google fa raha toa ka mety amin'ny lalànan'i Etazonia sy ireo politikan'i Google ilay fangatahana, ho tanterahana io.
13If not, the user's data will remain undisclosed.Raha tsy izay kosa, mijanona ho tsiambaratelo ny angon-drakitry ny mpampiasa.
14The same is true for many other US companies that do business abroad.Mitovy amin'izany daholo ho an'ireo orinasa Amerikana rehetra manana raharaha any ivelany.
15Requiring companies to store data in-country could upend this system of accountability, leaving a much lower threshold for authorities to obtain user data.Mety hampikorontana io fomba fandraisana andraikitra io ny fanerena ireo orinasa hanangona ny angron-drakitra ao amin'ny firenena, mamela taha ambany ho an'ireo manampahefana hahazony ny angon-drakitry ny mpampiasa.
16Last year, the combined effects of these new, tighter Internet regulations, both current and predicted, prompted Russian Internet guru Anton Nossik to declare that the “end” of US social media services like Facebook, Twitter, and Google in Russia was near.Ny Taona lasa, ny vokatra mifangaron'ireo fitsipiky ny Aterineto hentitra kokoa vaovao ireo, sady vaovao ankehitriny no efa voaomana, mandrisika an'ilay lehiben'ny Aterineto Rosiana, Anton Nossik, hanambara fa efa akaiky ny “faran‘” ireo tolotra media sosialy Amerikana sahala amin'ny Facebook, Twitter, sy Google, any Rosia.
17This hasn't happened yet, but a brief glance at both countries' trajectories suggests that Nossik's prediction might not be far off.Tsy mbola niseho aloha izany hatreto, fa toa mampieritreritra hoe mety tsy ho ela intsony izany faminanian'i Nossik izany raha atao topimaso ny làlan'ireo firenena roa ireo.
18The Indian government is reconsidering a proposed law that would have given relevant state authorities access to “all encrypted information” regardless of its provenance or purpose.Eo am-pamerenana ny fijerena ny volavolan-dalàna iray ny governemanta Indiana, volavolan-dalàna izay mety hanome fahafahana ireo manampahefana mifandraika amin'izany hiditra amin' “ireo loharanom-baovao rehetra nafenina”, na avy aiza io na inona tanjony.
19Alongside persistent arguments against weakening encryption by privacy advocates, public uproar against the proposal was particularly strong due to an aspect of the law that would have required citizens to maintain logs of all of encrypted social media and chat conversations - on platforms like WhatsApp, Viber, and Google Chat - for a minimum of 90 days, or risk jail time.Eo ankilany dia mafy tokoa ireo hevitra mafy manohitra ilay fandemena ny fanasiana fanafenana ataon'ireo mpiaro ny fiainana manokana, ny hatezeram-bahoaka manohitra ilay volavolan-dalàna noho ilay lalàna izay mitaky amin'ireo olon-tsotra hitazona an-tsoratra ireo media sosialy misy fanafenana rehetra sy ireo resadresaka amin'ny Aterineto - eo amin'ireo sehatra toy ny WhatsApp, Viber, sy Google Chat - 90 andro farafahakeliny, raha tsy izany mety ahiditra am-ponja.
20This thoroughly clunky attempt to circumvent encryption technologies that are already built into these platforms was unequivocally rejected by mobile phone users across the country and caused the government to withdraw the bill for further deliberation.Nolavin'ireo mpampiasa finday manerana ny firenena tsy ankihambahamba io andrana handinganana ny teknolojian'ny fanasiana fanafenana io izay efa tafiditra ao amin'ireo sehatra ireo, ary nahatonga ny governemanta hisintona ilay volavolan-dalàna ho amin'ny fanapahana manaraka indray aloha.
21Peruvian legislators may amend the country's penal code to expressly criminalize the act of damaging another person's reputation or honor over social media.Mety hanova ny lalàna famaizana ao amin'ny firenena ireo mpanao lalànan'i Pero, mba hahalasa heloka bevava ny hetsika manimba ny laza sy ny voninahitry ny olona hafa ao amin'ny media sosialy.
22Specifying platforms including Facebook and Twitter, the bill proposes that violators be jailed for 1-3 years.Amin'ny fitanisàna ireo sehatra fiseraseràna, ahitàna ny Facebook sy Twitter, milaza ilay volavolan-dalàna fa hampidirina am-ponja mandritra ny 1 - 3 taona ireo mpanitsakitsaka izany.
23Russian government regulator Roskomnadzor ordered social network Vkontakte to shut down the accounts of Children-404 and several other online LGBT youth support groups, following a court decision ruling that the groups were posting illegal “gay propaganda” online.Nodidian'ny Roskomnadzor, mpandrindra avy amin'ny governemanta Rosiana, ny tambajotra sosialy Vkontakte mba hanakatona ireo kaontin'ny Children-404 ary ireo vondrona hafa maro manohana ireo tanora LGBT ao amin'ny Aterineto, taorian'ny fanapahankevitry ny fitsaràna nilaza fa nandefa “fampielezan-kevitra sarimbavy” tsy ara-dalàna tamin'ny Aterineto ireo vondrona ireo.
24The groups were given three days to take down any illegal content, though according to Children-404 founder Lena Klimova, the officials have failed to specify what content has been deemed illegal.Nomena telo andro ireo vondrona ireo mba hanalàna ny votoaty tsy ara-dalàna, fa araka ilay mpanorina ny Children-404, Lena Klimova, tsy nomarihan'ireo tomponandraki-panjakana hoe inona ilay votoaty tsy manara-dalàna.
25If Vkontakte refuses to comply with the order, the company could risk being blocked in its entirety by Russian Internet providers.Raha mandà tsy hanaraka ilay didy ny Vkontakte, mety hobahanan'ireo Rosiana mpamatsy Aterineto tanteraka ilay orinasa.
26Although authorities might prefer to block only the pages belonging to Children-404 and the other LGBT community groups in question, Vkontakte's technical infrastructure makes this tough.Na hoe tian'ireo manampahefana kokoa aza ny hibahana fotsiny ireo pejin'ny Children-404, ary ireo vondrom-piarahamonina LGBT mifandraika amin'izany, maha-sarotra izany ny fotodrafitrasa ara-tekinikan'ny Vkontakte.
27Vkontakte works under HTTPS, a secure protocol that makes it very difficult for web traffic monitors to see which pages a user visits within a site.Miasa eo ambany HTTPS ny Vkontakte, arofenitra voaaro izay mahatonga ny mpanaramason'ny seraseran'ny vohikala ho sahirana ny hahita hoe inona avy ireo pejy tsidihan'ny mpampiasa ao amin'ny vohikala iray.
28If Russian authorities want to keep users from seeing the pages of Children-404 and its allies, they may have to block the entire social network, a move that would likely trigger uproar among young Russians.Raha te-hisakana ireo mpampiasa tsy hijery ireo pejin'ny Children-404 sy ny namany ireo Rosiana manampahefana, mety tokony tsy maintsy bahanan'izy ireo manontolo ny tambajotra sosialy, fihetsika izay mety hampirongatra ny hatezeran'ireo tanora Rosiana.
29Iran is consolidating Internet policymaking under the country's most conservative branch of government, the Supreme Cyberspace Council, which reports directly to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.Eo am-pametrahana ny politikan'ny Aterineto izao i Iran, eo ambanin'ny fiahian'ilay sampana fatra-pitahiry ny nentin-drazana ao amin'ny governemanta, ny Filankevitra An-tampon'ny Sehatry ny Aterineto, izay mitatitra mivantana any amin'ilay Filoha An-tampony Ali Khamenei.
30In the past, the Supreme Leader has said the Internet is “used by the enemy to target Islamic thinking”.Teo taloha, nilaza ny Filoha An-tampony fa “ampiasain'ireo fahavalo mikendry ny hanova ny fisainan'ireo Silamo” ny Aterineto.
31The move effectively cuts Iran's more moderate President Rouhani out of policymaking for the Internet, suggesting regulations in Iran are likely to take a hardline turn.Manapaka ilay mba mpandanjalanja kokoa an'i Iran, ny Filoha Rouhani, amin'ny fametrahana politikan'ny Aterineto tokoa mantsy io fiovàna io, milaza fa toa ho lasa mankany amin'ny mahery fihetsika ireo fameperana ao Iràna.
32Cybersecurity company FireEye found technical “backdoors” in 14 commercial routers in India, Mexico, the Philippines, and Ukraine after the routers were hacked.Ny orinasam-piarovana ny seratseran'ny Aterineto, FireEye, nahita teknika 14 miasa any ambadika tamin'ireo “routeurs”-mbarotra namidy tany India, Meksika, Filipina, ary Okraina, taorian'ny nijirihana ireo “routeurs” ireo.
33The attackers either stole network administration credentials or gained physical access to the routers in order to seize control of the routers, all of which were built by Cisco.Na naka ny fahefana ahafahana mandrindra ilay tambajotra ireo mpanafika na afaka niditra nikitika mivantana an'ireo “routeurs” ireo, mba haka ny fifehezana ireo “routeurs” ireo, izy rehetra ireo dia namboarin'ny Cisco.
34The attackers accessed the data of all the companies and government organizations that sit behind the router, according to FireEye CEO Dave DeWalt.Ireo mpanafika dia afaka niditra tao amin'ny angon-drakitr'ireo orinasa sy ireo fikambanana ara-panjakana rehetra, izay mipetraka aorian'ilay “routeur”, araka ny Filoha Tale Jenaralin'ny FireEye, Dave DeWalt.
35While home routers have been hit by malware in the past, attacks on commercial routers are relatively rare - according to DeWalt, only a handful of states have the capacity to conduct such attacks.Raha toa ka tratran'ireo rindrambaiko natao hamotika ireo “routeurs” tany an-trano fahiny, vitsy kosa ireo fanafihana ireo “routeurs”-mbarotra - araka an'i DeWalt, firenena vitsy monja no mahavita manao ny karazam-panafihana toy izany.
36Several journalism research organizations in Chile and Colombia launched a Map of Media and Media Ownership, which is a database of media ownership with information on over 700 media companies intended as a research tool for policy makers, journalists, academics and the public.Nanao ny Sarintanin'ny Media sy ny Fanànana Media (fijerna hoe iza no tompony) ireo fikambanana maro manao fikarohana momba ny asa fanaovana gazety any Shily sy Kolombia, izay angon-drakitra iray ho an'ny fanànana media ahitàna loharanom-baovao momba ireo orinasanà media maherin'ny 700 isa, natao ho fitaovana fikarohana ho an'ireo mpanapa-kevitra politika, mpanao gazety, mpianatra sy vahoaka tsotra.
37The map is a part of the data journalism project Poderopedia (“Power-opedia”) which maps political and corporate power in the region.Ampahan'ilay tetikasa angon-dakitry ny asa fanaovana gazety Poderopedia (“Power-opedia”) ilay sarintany, izay ahitàna ireo fahefana ara-politika sy an'ny vondron'orinasa ao amin'ny faritra.
38Are the Kids Alright?Salama Daholo Ve Ireo Ankizy?
39Digital Risks to Minors from South Korea's Smart Sheriff Application - Citizen LabMety Misy Loza Ho an'ireo Zaza Tsy Ampy Taona Ilay “Application Smart Sheriff” an'i Korea Atsimo (lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Anglisy) - Citizen Lab
40Juan Arellano, Mary Aviles, Ellery Roberts Biddle, Darina Gribova, Hae-in Lim and Sarah Myers West contributed to this report.Nandray anjara tamin'ity tatitra ity i Juan Arellano, Mary Aviles, Ellery Roberts Biddle, Darina Gribova, Hae-in Lim sy Sarah Myers West.