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1 | Brazil: On Opening the Archives of the Dictatorship | Brezila: Momba ny Fanokafana Ny Tahirim-Bakoky Ny Fitondrana Jadona |
2 | The military dictatorship in Brazil lasted exactly 21 years, from 1 April 1964 (April Fools' Day in Brazil, which is why the military point to the previous day, March 31 as the day of the coup) until January 1, 1985. | Naharitra 21 taona katroka ny fitondrana jadona miaramila tany Brezila, nanomboka tamin'ny 1 Aprily 1964 (Andron'ny Lainga any Brezila, izay nahatonga ny tafika hisafidy ny andro nialoha azy, 31 Martsa ho andron'ny fanonganam-panjakana) ka hatramin'ny 1 Janoary 1985. |
3 | During this time of heightened political repression, 380 people were killed [pt] (a substantial part of leftist anti-dictatorship guerrillas, but many students or simply people who did not support the regime), among which 147 are still missing and nothing is known about the fate of their bodies. | Nandritra io fotoanan'ny famoretana henjana ara-politika io, 380 no olona maty [pt] (amin'ny ampahany betsaka dia ireo mpanao ady anaty akata avy amin'ny elatra havia nanohitra ny jadona, saingy maro mpianatra sy olona tsotra izay tsy nankasitraka ny fitondrana), ka tamin'ireo dia 147 no tsy mbola hita popoka ary tsy misy zavatra fantatra ny amin'izay niafaran'ny nofo mangatsiak'izy ireny. |
4 | Thousands of Brazilians were victims of systematic torture and arbitrary arrests, including [pt] pregnant women, and in some cases children, while sons and daughters of political prisoners attended [pt] the sessions of torture. | An'arivony ireo Breziliana nitondra faisana tamin'ny fampijaliana an-jambany sy ny fisamborana tsy amin'antony, tafiditra anatin'izany [pt] ny vehivavy nitondra vohoka, ary ankizy koa amin'ny tranga maro, ary nisy tamin'ireo zanaka lahy na zanaka vavin'ireo gadra politika no nanatri-maso [pt] ireny fotoana fampijaliana ireny. |
5 | Cartoon by @tonoise, under license CC 2.0 | Cartoon by @tonoise, under license CC 2.0 |
6 | On August 28, 1979, the then dictator, João Figueiredo, enacted law number 6683, known as the Lei da Anistia [Amnesty Law, pt] that virtually excused civilians and the military associated with crimes committed during the period, anticipating the near end of dictatorship and the possibility of lawsuits being brought against the criminals. | Ny 28 Aogositra 1979, ny mpanao jadona tamin'izany fotoana , João Figueiredo, dia namoaka ny lalàna laharana 6683, fantatra amin'ny hoe Lei da Anistia [Lalàna famotsoran-keloka, pt] izay resaka fotsiny ny hoe namela ireo sivily sy ireo miaramila tafiditra aminà heloka bevava natao nandritra io vanim-potoana io, fa hisongonana mialoha sahady ny ho fiafaran'ny jadona sy ny mety hisian'ny fanenjehana ara-pitsarana hahazo ireo nahavita heloka bevava. |
7 | Colonel Coronel Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra [pt] was the only military personnel to be prosecuted and convicted [pt] on October 9, 2008, officially becoming considered a torturer, even if the penalty would not require payment of a fine or imprisonment, but was only declaratory. | Ny Kolonely Coronel Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra [pt] no hany miaramila tokana notsaraina sy nohelohina[pt] tamin'ny 9 Oktobra 2008, notondroina tamin'ny fomba ofisialy ho ny mpampijaly, na dia fanambaràna fotsiny aza fanamelohana io, fa tsy narahana fandoavana onitra na fanagadràna. |
8 | But after 25 years of the end of dictatorship, to date no-one has been punished and military records covering that period remain closed, preventing the families of the 147 missing persons to bury their loved ones and know the truth. | Saingy 25 taona taorian'ny nifaranan'ny jadona, hatramin'izao tsy mbola nisy voasazy na iray aza ary ny tahirim-bakoky ny tafika mandrakotra io fe-potoana io dia mbola mikatona foana, manakana ny fahafahan'ny fianakavian'ireo olona 147 tsy hita popoka hanao fandevenana mendrika ny malalany sy hahafantatra ny marina. |
9 | Based on this, a collective blog was organized [pt] in February to demand the opening of the archives of the dictatorship, taking into account that the President of the Republic, Dilma Rousseff, was herself a victim of torture during the period and fought in the guerrilla war against the authoritarian regime. | Mifototra amin'io, misy bilaogy iray ifarimbonana nokarakaraina [pt] tamin'ny Febroary mba hangatahana ny hanokafana ireo tahirim-bakoky ny mpitondra jadona, ka tafiditra ao anatin'izany ny Filohan'ny Repoblika, Dilma Rousseff, izy tenany izay niharan'ny fampijaliana nandritra io fe-potoana io ary niady teo anilan'ireo mpanao ady anaty akata nanohitra ny fitondrana tsy refesi-mandidy. |
10 | Niara de Oliveira, from Pimenta com Limão [Pepper with Lemon], creator of the collective blog, gave the reasons [pt]: | Niara de Oliveira, avy ao amin'ny Pimenta com Limão [Pepper with Lemon], mpamorona ilay bilaogy ifarimbonana, dia nanome ny antony [pt]: |
11 | So that no father/mother dies without knowing the end that the military dictatorship and the Brazilian government gave to their child, that the secret files be now reclassified as public, and that the torturers and assassins be identified and punished. | Mba tsy hisy intsony mihitsy ray / reny maty tsy nahafantatra akory izay niafaran'ny fitondrana jadona miaramila sy ny nomen'ny governemanta breziliana ho an'ireo taranany, ary mba hatao ho amin'ny sehatra azon'ny besinimaro jerena ny antontan-taratasy nafenina hatrizay, ary mba ho fantatra ireo mpampijaly sy mpamono olona ka hisazy. |
12 | After all, one cannot build a full democracy with so many hidden skeletons in the closet. | Raha tsorina dia tsy misy na iza na iza afaka hanorina demaokrasia feno sy lafatra amboninà taolam-paty maro afenina anaty vatasarihana toy izany. |
13 | Gabriel Pinheiro commensts [pt] on the expectations of Dilma Rousseff: | Gabriel Pinheiro manamarika [pt] izay eritreretiny hitranga amin'ny fanehoan-kevitr'i Dilma Rousseff: |
14 | On the day she was sworn in as President of Brazil, Rousseff was moved while remembering her comrades in arms who “fell on the walk” against the military regime. | Ny andro nanandratana azy ho Filohan'i Brezila, nihetsi-po i Rousseff raha nahatsiaro ireo nifanome tànana niara-nitolona taminy nefa “lavo am-pandehanana” nanohitra ny fitondrana miaramila. |
15 | Furthermore, she invited former colleagues in prison for the presidential inauguration. | Fa ambonin'izany, nanasa ireo niara-nifonja taminy izy hanatrika ny lanonana fanosorana azy ho filoha. |
16 | The symbolism in this election of a former militant is clear: she's also the supreme commander of the Army today. | Ny fankasitrahana olona iray tao anatin'ny tolona tamin'ity fifidiana ity dia mazava: izy koa izao no filoha faratampon'ny andian-tafika rehetra. |
17 | For these and other reasons, most of his constituents, yours truly included, deposited in Dilma the trust that she would take a different stance with respect to military records and investigations of crimes committed by the state during that period | Noho ireo sy ny antony maro hafa, be tamin'ireo nifidy azy, isan'ireny marina tokoa aho, no nametraka ny fitokisany amin'i Dilma fa handray zotra hafa sy mendrika izy mikasika ireo tahirim-bakoky ny tafika sy ny fanadihadiana mikasika ireo heloka bevava notanterahan'ny fanjakana nandritra izany fe-potoana izany. |
18 | Leandro Parteniani sees no reason [pt] in continuing to keep the archives censored: | Leandro Parteniani tsy mahita antony [pt] hanohizana ny hitazonana ireo tahirim-bakoka ireo ho toy ny tsiambaratelo: |
19 | […] it makes no sense, 25 years after the democratization, to still have documents of the the military era classified as secret, top secret or restricted. | […] Tsy mandeha amin'ny tokony ho izy mihitsy ny fahitàna hoe , 25 taona aty aorian'ny fametrahana demaokrasia, dia mbola hisy tahirin-kevitra miaramila atao ho tsiambaratelo, tena saropady sy voafehifehy. |
20 | To allow that these files remain closed, out of the population's sight, is denying society a fundamental right and therefore inhibiting the advance of democracy. | Ny famelàna an'ireny antontan-taratasy ireny hijanona foana ho tsiambaratelo, tsy azon'ny mason'ny vahoaka jerena akory, dia fandàvana ny zo fototra tokony ho an'ny mpiara-belona sy fanohintohinana ny fandrosoan'ny demaokrasia. |
21 | After all, if people do not understand exactly what happened in past, what value will they give to democracy? | Fa izao, raha tsy tena takatry ny olona marina izay zava-nitranga tamin'ny lasa, hasina toy inona moa no homeny ny demaokrasia? |
22 | How one is expected to affirm a democratic system that hides from the society part of its history? | Fomba ahoana no ahafahana manamafy rafitra demaokratika iray izay manafina ampahany amin'ny tantarany amin'ny vahoakany? |
23 | He also advocates the establishment of the Truth Commission, as done by Brazil's neighbouring countries: | Misolo vava ny fametrahana ny Vaomieran'ny Fahamarinana ihany koa izy, toy izay nataon'ireo firenena mifanolo-bodirindrina amin'i Brezila: |
24 | It is worth remembering that among the countries involved in Operation Condor (an alliance of several military regimes in South America, including Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay, to coordinate the repression of far left opponents), only Brazil has not adopted a Truth Commission. | Tena ilaina ny mampahatsiahy fa anatin'ireo firenena voakasik'ilay raharaha Operation Condor (fiaraha-mientan'ny fitondrana miaramila maro tany Amerika Atsimo, nahitàna an'i Brezila, Arzantina, Chile, Bolivia, Paragoay ary Orogoay, ho fandrindràna ny famoretana ny mpanohitra avy amin'ny elatra farany havia), i Brezila ihany no nanaiky ny Vaomieran'ny Fahamarinana. |
25 | A man in a Pau de Arara, cartoon by Carlos Latuff, under CC | Lehilahy iray ao anatin'ny tantara an-tsary Pau de Arara, nataon'i Carlos Latuff, under CC |
26 | Ediane Oliveira reminds us [pt] that the Court of Human Rights of the Organization of American States (OAS) ruled the Amnesty created during the military regime illegal [pt], and that Brazil did not care about the decision: | Ediane Oliveira no mampahatsiahy antsika [pt] fa ny Fitsarana Momba ny Zon'Olombelona ao amin'ny Organization of American States (OAS) / Fikambanan'ireo Firenena Amerikana dia namoaka didy momba ny Famotsoran-keloka nandritra ny fitondrana miaramila tsy ara-dalàna [pt], sy ny hoe i Brezila dia tsy niraharaha io fanapahan-kevitra io: |
27 | The Court of Human Rights of the Organization of American States (OAS) recognized the importance of identifying and punishing the torturers of the military dictatorship, ruling that the maintenance of the Amnesty Law hurts international agreements signed by Brazil. | Ny Fitsarana momba ny Zon'Olombelona ao amin'ny Organization of American States (OAS) dia nahatsapa ny maha-zava-dehibe ny hamantarana sy hanafaizana ireo mpampijaly tamin'ny fitondrana jadona miaramila, namoaka fanapahana fa mifanohitra amin'ny lalàna iraisam-pirenena ny fihazonana ny Lalàna Famotsoran-keloka izay nosoniavin'i Brezila. |
28 | But unfortunately, the Brazilian government keeps ignoring the decision. | Saingy indrisy, manohy minia mikimpy amin'ilay fanapahan-kevitra hatrany ny governemanta Breziliana. |
29 | The torture is institutionalized in this country because you can not punish torture after having pardoned the biggest torturers in our history and not even identify them. | Nipetraka ho toy ny andrim-panjakana iray mihitsy ny fampijaliana tao amin'ity firenena ity satria ianao tsy afaka hanasazy fampijaliana aorian'ny namelana heloka ireo goaik'antitra mpampijaly teo amin'ny tantarantsika na koa hoe hamantatra azy ireny. |
30 | Thiago Beleza compares [pt] the relationship between the torture of the past and today's torture, at police stations: | Thiago Beleza mampitaha [pt] ny fifandraisana misy eo amin'ny fampijaliana fahiny sy ny misy ankehitriny, any amin'ny biraon'ny polisy: |
31 | The non-punishment of the murderers and torturers of yesterday is the certainty of the non-punishment of the murderers and torturers of today. | Ny tsy fanasaziana ireo mpamono olon'ny omaly dia azo antoka fa ho tsy fanasaziana ireo mpamono olona sy mpampijalin'ny anio. |
32 | The state is complicit. | Mpiray tsikombakomba ny fitondrana. |
33 | Rodrigo Cárdia contrasts [pt] the situation of Brazil with Argentina, a nation that has tried military criminals: | Rodrigo Cárdia mampitaha [pt] ny zava-misy ao Brezila amin'ny any Arzantina, firenena iray izay nitsara ireo miaramila nahavita heloka bevava: |
34 | Argentina, it is true, suffered a dictatorship far more violent than Brazil. | Arzantina, marina izany, dia nangirifiry tamin'ny jadona mafy lavitra miohatra amin'i Brezila. |
35 | In just seven years, there were more than 30,000 dead and missing. | Tanatin'ny fito taona monja, nisy maherin'ny 30.000 no maty sy tsy hita popoka. |
36 | But that doesn't mean the 21 years of the Brazilian military regime deserve to be forgotten. | Saingy tsy midika izany fa mendrika hohadinoina ny 21 taona nisian'ny fitondrana miaramila teto Brezila. |
37 | For here, too, there were arrests, torture, disappearances and murders. | Satria koa, teto, nisy ny fisamboranan ny fampijaliana, ny fanjavonana ary ny famonoana olona. |
38 | Amanditas is clear [pt] about the rights of victims and their families: | Amanditas dia manazava tsara [pt] mikasika ny zon'ireo nitondra faisana sy ny fianakavian'izy ireny : |
39 | These families affected by the “regime” cannot be ignored, treated as if they had died along with the “regime”. | Ireny fianakaviana notriarin'ny “fitondrana” ireny dia tsy azo tsinontsinoavina, ka hatao toy ny hoe niara-maty tamin'ilay “fitondrana”. |
40 | The families have not stopped: they are there, wanting to have what appears to be a privilege: the right to tell their own stories. | Tsy nitsahatra hatreo akory ireny fianakaviana ireny: mbola eo ry zareo, miandry izay ho zo manavaka azy manokana: ny zony hitantara ny tantaran-dry zareo izay azy ireo madiodio. |
41 | Finally, Luka clarifies [pt]: | Farany, Luka cmanazava tsara [pt]: |
42 | To open the archives of military dictatorship is not only to honour those who perished at the time, but also to show that we will not accept to spend more years without news of missing persons in this country. | Ny fanokafana ny tahirim-bakoky ny fitondrana jadona miaramila dia tsy hoe fotsiny fanomezam-boninahitra ireo namoy ny ainy tamin'izany fotoana, fa koa fanehoana fa tsy hanaiky mihitsy isika ny mbola handany taona maro indray tsy hahalala vaovao mikasika ireo olona tsy hita popoka teto amin'ity firenena ity. |
43 | Pau de Arara no more [see cartoon above]. | Pau de Arara no more [jereo ny sariitatra ery ambony]. |
44 | The Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB - Order of Brazilian Lawyers) has an online petition to request the opening of the archives, and has released the National Campaign for Truth and Memory, with actors playing famous left-wing militants dead and missing. | Ny Holafitr'ireo Mpisolovava na Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB - Order of Brazilian Lawyers) dia manana fanangonan-tsonia anaty aterineto hangatahana ny hanokafana ny tahirin-kevitra, sy nanomboka ny Fientanam-Pirenena Ho an'ny Fahamarinana sy ny Tadidy, miaraka amin'ireo mpisehatra malaza milalao ny toeran'ireo olon'ny elatra farany havia, maty na tsy hita popoka. |