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1 | Foreign Words Invade Traditional Japanese | Saron'ireo Teny vahiny Maro Ny teny Nentim-paharazan'i Japana |
2 | A 71-year-old man is suing Japan's public broadcaster NHK for the mental distress they have caused him through their excessive use of foreign words. | Lehilahy lehibe iray 71 taona no nametraka fitoriana tamin'ilay Haino aman-jery NHK any Japana noho ny fahasahiranan-tsainy nateraky ny fampiasàn-dry zareo teny vahiny diso tafahoatra. |
3 | He is literally lost in translation, in his very own country. | Tena very tanteraka izy raha resaka fandikan-teny, nefa dia ao amin'ny tanindrazany ihany. |
4 | Image of katakana by flickr user mroach. ( | Sary katakana avy amin'ilay mpampiasa flickr mroach. ( |
5 | CC BY SA. | CC BY SA. |
6 | 2.0) The elderly man is frustrated with the TV channel's use of loanwords which phonetically-mimic foreign expressions but are transcribed in the Japanese alphabet katakana. | 2.0) Tezitra tamin'ny Televiziona io lehilahy lehibe io noho ny fampiasany teny nindramina izay toa mitovy fanonona amin'ny teny vahiny kanefa soratana amin'ny teny Japone katakana. |
7 | To him they are just a bunch of letters, which do not give contextual meaning in his native Japanese. | Aminy dia andiana litera fotsiny ihany izany fa tsy misy dikany raha araky ny fototra ao amin'ny teny Japone. |
8 | For example, in these phonetically described loanwords: “preview” is written “プレビュー” (pronounced purebyu), “draft” is written “ドラフト” (pronounced dorafuto). | Ohatra amin'ireo fanoratana teny nindramina : “preview” (fanamarinana) dia nosoratana hoe “プレビュー” (vakiana hoe purebyu), “draft” (vakiraoka) dia soratana hoe “ドラフト” (vakiana hoe dorafuto). |
9 | What made no sense to the old man was the use of words like “care” and “risk” in public broadcasts, which have equivalents in Japanese, he thinks the broadcaster is violating his right to access information, and his right to pursue happiness. | Ny tena tsy misy dikany amin'io lehilahy lehibe io dia ny fampiasana ny teny tahaka ny hoe “care”(fikarakarana) na ny “risk”(risi-po) any anaty fandaharana nefa misy fomba filazàna azy amin'ny teny Japone ireo, mihevitra izy fa manitsakitsaka ny zony hahazo vaovao sy ny zony hanana fiainana mahafinaritra ilay mpanolotra fandaharana. |
10 | The use of foreign words is not a problem limited to old men, but also to the larger public. | Tsy eo amin'ireo olona antitra ihany no ahitàna ity olana fampiasàna teny vahiny ity fa eo amin'ny vahoaka amin'ny ankapobeny. |
11 | Japan's Agency of Cultural Affairs noted [ja] that the increasing use of foreign words is impairing the beauty of traditional Japanese, and hindering communication between the young and old. | Ny Biraon'ny Raharaha Ara-Kolotsaina ao Japana dia nahita fa [ja] manaratsy ny hatsaran'ny netim-paharazana Japone ny fitomboan'ny fampiasana teny vahiny, ary koa manimba ny fifandraisana eo amin'ny tanora sy ny olon-dehibe. |
12 | In a government survey on loanwords in 2007, understanding of katakana words such as “empowerment” and “literacy” was less than 10 % [ja] but overall understanding of loanwords was increasing. | Tamina fanadihadiana nataon'ny governemanta ny taona 2007 momba ny teny nindramina, no nahafantarana fa latsaky ny 10 % [ja] ny fahazahoana ny teny katakana toy ny “empowerment” (fandraisana andraikitra) sy ny “literacy” (fampianarana mamaky teny sy manoratra), kanefa mihamitombo ny fahazoana ireo teny vahiny amin'ny ankapobeny. |
13 | Given the excessive use of foreign words in daily communication, Kentaro Takahashi published a book [ja] in September 2012 to explain what commonly used katakana really means in plain Japanese. | Manoloana izany fampiasana mihoapapana be ny teny vahiny amin'ny an-davanandro izany, Kentaro Takahashi dia namoaka boky iray [ja] ny volana Septambra 2012 ahafahana manazava marina ny tena dikan'ireo katakana fampiasa matetika amin'ny teny Japone. |
14 | Katakana to describe foreign words in Japanese. | Katakana handikana ny teny vahiny amin'ny teny Japone. |
15 | Image by flickr user WordRidden (CC BY 2.0) | Sary avy amin'ilay mpampiasa flickr, WordRidden (CC BY 2.0) |
16 | Journalist Toshinao Sasaki who wrote a book about curation in the social media age, was in a dilemma about using katakana in describing the very concept his book was about [ja]: | Toshinao Sasaki, mpanao gazety iray nanoratra boky mikasika ny fanangonam-baovao amin'ny vanim-potoanan'ny tambajotra sosialy, dia sahiran-tsaina tamin'ny fampiasàna ny katakana mba hanazavàna ny momba ny bokiny [ja] : |
17 | I couldn't find the right translation of “curation” in Japanese, so I left it as it is. | Tsy nahita teny mety handikana ny hoe “curation” (fanangonam-baovao) amin'ny teny Japone mihitsy aho, ka dia najanoko tamin'izao fotsiny. |
18 | Language is difficult. | Tena zava-tsarotra io resaka teny io. |
19 | Translating foreign concepts into native Japanese can be strange sometimes. | Hafahafa indraindray ny mandika teny vahiny amin'ny teny Japone nentim-paharazana. |
20 | Anthropologist Ichiro Numazaki gave his thoughts on foreign words on Twitter: | Nilaza ny heviny mikasika ny teny vahiny ihany koa ilay “Anthropologiste” Ichiro Numazaki tao amin'ny Twitter : |
21 | Who would say shukyu[old word for kicking ball] to describe soccer today? | Iza no mbola miteny hoe shukyu [fiteny taloha iantsoana ny baolina dakàna] hilazana ny baolina kitra amin'izao fotoana izao ? |
22 | Is it better to stop saying “supporters” [in katakana] and refer to them as “応援団”[traditional word for cheering comrade]? | Tsaratsara kokoa ve ny manatsahatra ny fiteny hoe “supporters” (mpanohana) [amin'ny katakana] ary miantso azy ireo hoe “応援団” [fiteny taloha ilazana ireo namana mandrisika]? |
23 | I don't think so. | Hinoako fa tsia. |
24 | Critics of foreign words in katakana, hate the use of a new words when it describes new concepts. | Manohitra ny fampiasana teny vaovao hiantsoana zava-baovao ireo rehetra mpanakiana ny katakana. |
25 | Not that they hate katakana itself. | Fa tsy hoe ny katakana no tsy tiany. |
26 | There was a time when foreign words introduced in Japan were literally translated, and allocated existing kanji (Chinese script) and hiragana (Japanese script) words to match their actual meanings. | Nisy fotoana nanomezana dika teny Japone ho an'ireo teny vahiny nampidirina tao Japana, ary nomena kanji (Fomba fanoratra Sinoa) efa misy sy hiragana (Fomba fanoratra Japone) mba ahafahana mampifandray ny dikany amin'izao fotoana. |
27 | Words like “freedom” and “democracy” which were imported in the late 19th century, were translated into Japanese using kanji and became “自由“[ja] and “民主主義“[ja]. | Ireo teny toy ny “freedom” (fahafahana) sy ny “democracy” (demokrasia) izay nampidirina ny taonjato faha-19, dia nadika tamin'ny teny Japone tamin'ny fampiasana ny kanji ka lasa hoe “自由“[ja] sy “民主主義“[ja]. |
28 | Even though these words were new back then, it still made sense to many Japanese people because each kanji represents its own meaning and comes together to form a word that makes sense. | Na dia mbola vaovao aza ireo teny ireo tamin'izany fotoana, dia mbola nisy dikany teo amin'ireo Japone satria ny kanji tsirairay avy dia manana ny dikany manokana ary raha atambatra dia ahazohana teny vaovao mazava tsara. |
29 | A poet, Kiyoe Kawazu felt that the use of foreign words in katakana was ebbing at the world of the words that he knew: | Ilay poeta, Kiyoe Kawazu indray dia mahatsapa fa ny fampiasana ny katakana amin'ny teny vahiny dia fihemorana eo amin'ny tontolon'ny teny araky ny fahafantarany azy : |
30 | It makes me scared how self-evident things are driven by the use of loanwords such as Western words described in katakana or Chinese conceptual words drawn in Japanese kanji. | Mampatahotra ahy ny hoe zavatra mazava tsara izao dia avilan'ny fampiasana teny nindramina, toy ny fiteny Tandrefana soratana amin'ny katakana na koa teny Sinoa soratana amin'ny kanji Japone. |
31 | Back in Meiji era [1868-1912], they used to translate the meaning into kanji, but now they just use katakana. | Tamin'ny vanim-potoana Meiji [1868-1912], nanome dikateny tamin'ny kanji foana ry zareo, kanefa ankehitriny dia tsy mampiasa afatsy katakana. |
32 | Gradually the vague meanings penetrate the public, making obvious things ambiguous. | Tsikelikely dia tafiditra an-tsain'ny vahoaka ireo fanazavàna manjavozavo, ka na dia zavatra mazava tsara aza dia lasa saro-takarina. |
33 | Ichiro Numazaki looks at the positive side of loanwords: | Nijery ny lafitsaran'ny fampiasana ireo teny nindramina i Ichiro Numazaki : |
34 | Loanwords introduced foreign ideas such as “sexual harrassment” and “DV” or domestic violence. | Nampiditra hevitra vaovao ireny teny nindramina ireny, tahaa ny hoe “sexual harrassment” (fanararaotana ara-nofo) sy ny hoe “DV”(domestic violence - herisetra ao an-tokantrano). |
35 | Loanwords gained public attention because katakana and its letters were effective in providing new ideas. | Nahasarika ny sain'ny olona ireny satria mahomby ny katakana sy ireo litera ao anatiny amin'ny fampidirana hevitra vaovao. |
36 | People have to understand the issue to comprehend the katakana or the alphabet. | Tokony ho takatry ny vahoaka ny olana mba ahafahany mandray tsara ny katakana na ny litera. |
37 | Another Twitter user @sumiyoshi_49 commented that foreign words are alienating non-experts on everyday issues: | Mpampiasa Twitter iray hafa @sumiyoshi_49 no naneho hevitra hoe mahalasa adala ireo tsy dia manan-tsaina ireny teny vahiny ireny amin'ny resaka andavanandro : |
38 | I think we need to take a serious consideration in using terms like “normalization” and “hate speech” [both described phonetically in katakana as loanwords], for these katakana are isolating ordinary Japanese, and keeping them from getting interested in the issues these words represent. | Heveriko fa tokony hisaina tsara isika amin'ny fampiasàna ny teny tahaka ny hoe “normalization” (fampanaraham-penitra) sy ny hoe “hate speech” (lahateny manevateva) [izay samy soratana amin'ny katakana toy ny teny nindramina], satria manilika ireo Japone tsotra ireny katakana ireny, sady tsy mandrisika azy ho liana amin'ny tena dikan'izany. |
39 | Japanese people who are not good at English won't grasp these ideas in katakana. | Ireo Japone tsy mahafehy tsara ny teny anglisy izany dia tsy hahatakatra ny hevitra voasoratra amin'ny katakana mihitsy. |
40 | This post was translated with help of Takashi Ohta, and was edited by Sahar Habib Ghazi | Ity lahatsoratra ity dia nadika niarahana tamin'ny fanampian'i Takashi Ohta, ary notsarain'i Sahar Habib Ghazi |