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1Most Bangladeshi Garment Workers Are Women, But Their Union Leaders Weren't—Until NowVehivavy Ny Ampahany Betsaka Amin'ireo Mpiasa Mpanamboatra Akanjo Ao Bangladesh, Saingy Tsy Izany Kosa Ny Mpitarika Sendikan'izy Ireo—Hatramin'izao
2Garment workers at Alif Embroidery Village, a garment factory in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Mpiasa mpanamboatra akanjo ao amin'ny Alif Embroidery Village, orinasa mpanamboatra akanjo ao Dhaka, Bangladesh.
3Credit: Amy Yee.Sary: Amy Yee.
4Used with PRI's permissionNahazoan-dalana
5This article and radio report by Bruce Wallace for The World originally appeared on PRI.org on September 16, 2015, and is republished here as part of a content-sharing agreement.Ity lahatsoratra sy tatitra amin'ny onjam-peo avy amin'i Bruce Wallace ho an'ny The World ity dia nivoaka voalohany tao amin'ny PRI.org tamin'ny 16 Septambra 2015 ary navoaka eto indray noho ny fifanarahana fifampizarana votoaty-
6Only 15 people can fit into the small room on the third floor of a brick-and-corrugated-tin building in Bangladesh's capital, Dhaka.Olona 15 ihany no antonona ny efitra kely ao amin'ny rihana fahatelon'ny tranobe biriky sy tafo fanitso iray ao an-drenivohitr'i Bangladesh, Dhaka.
7More people listen from a hallway just outside the room.Maro ny olona mihaino ao an-dalantsara anilan'ilay efitra.
8They all work at Dacca Dyeing, a garment factory that makes clothes for Gap and Target, among other companies.Miasa ao amin'ny Dacca Dyeing, orinasa mpanao akanjo ho an'ny Gap sy Target, ankoatra ireo orinasa hafa izy rehetra.
9They want to start a union.Te hanangana sendika izy ireo
10Listen to this story on PRI.org »Listen to this story on PRI.org »
11Bangladesh's garment industry saw two disasters in recent years: the Tazreen fire in November 2012 and the Rana Plaza factory collapse in April of 2013.Nahitana loza roa ny indostrian'ny fitafiana ao Bangladesh tao anatiin'izay taona vitsy lasa izay: ny afo tao Tazreen tamin'ny Novambra 2012 sy ny firodanan'ny Rana Plaza tamin'ny Aprily 2013.
12International action to reform the industry followed, but so did labor organizing.Nanaraka taorian'izany ny hetsika iraisam-pirenena manavao ny indostria, saingy fandaminana momba ny asa izany.
13Groups of workers, most of them women, huddled in rooms like this one to talk about taking a public and potentially dangerous step: Telling the people who run their factories - almost all of them men - that they intend to unionize.Nitangorona tao anaty efitra tahaka ity iray ity ny vondrona mpiasa izay vehivavy ny ankamaroany mba hiresaka ireo dingana ampahibemaso sy mety mampidi-doza: Milaza amin'ny olona mitantana ny orinasan'izy ireo - izay lehilahy ny ankamaroany - fa mikasa hitambatra ao anaty sendikà izy ireo.
14As the evening call to prayer finishes outside, Sritee Akter starts her pitch to this group.Reehfa tapitra ny antso hariva hivavaka tao ivelany, dia manomboka ny asany amin'ity vondrona ity i Sritee Akter.
15She's the general secretary of the Garment Workers Solidarity Federation.Izy no sekretera jeneralin'ny Federasion'ny Firaisankinan'ny mpiasa mpanamboatra akanjo.
16Before that, she was a garment worker herself.Efa mpiasa mpanamboatra akanjo ihany koa izy talohan'izany.
17Shamima Akter, an organizer with the Bangladesh Garment and Industrial Workers Federation, talks to workers about intimidation they're facing because of their labor organizing activity.Shamima Akter, mpikarakara miaraka amin'ny Federasion'ny Mpiasa Indostrialy sy ny Mpanamboatra akanjo ao Bangladesh, miresaka momba ny fandrahonana atrehin'izy ireo noho ny hetsika arak'asa karakarain'izy ireo.
18Credit: Bruce Wallace.Sary: Bruce Wallace.
19Used with PRI's permissionNahazoan-dalana avy amin'ny PRI
20In 1994 her salary was 250 taka - about $3 - a month, she tells them.Tamin'ny taona 1994, 250 taka - eo amin'ny 3 dolara - isam-bolana teo ny karamany, hoy izy tamin'izy ireo.
21She's been fighting for workers rights since then, she says, and has been to jail twice.Niady hatrany ho amin'ny zon'ny mpiasa izy nanomboka teo, hoy izy, ary efa nampidirina am-ponja indroa.
22“I am a worker.“Mpiasa aho.
23I am not a leader.Fa tsy lehibe.
24I never introduce myself as a leader,” she says.Tsy mbola nilaza tena ho toy ny mpitarika aho,” hoy izy.
25“I just understand a little more than you.“Mahatakatra kely kokoa noho ianareo aho.
26But there are things you know that I don't.”Saingy misy ny zavatra fantatrareo kanefa tsy fantatro.”
27Organizing a union is not illegal in Bangladesh, but the workers still try to meet in secret.Tsy ara-dalàna ny fananganana sendikà ao Bangladesh, saingy mbola miezaka mihaona an-kiafina ny mpiasa.
28They moved their meetings here recently because a neighbor at their old spot started asking questions.Namindra ny fihaonan'izy ireo teto izy ireo vao haingana noho ny mpifanolo-bodirindrina iray tao amin'ny toeram-pivorian'izy ireo taloha nanomboka nametraka fanontaniana tamin'izy ireo.
29Akter warns the workers that if the bosses find out, they'll try to pit workers against each other, have them sign things that can then be used against them, and search for reasons to fire them.Mampitandrina ireo mpiasa i Akter fa raha mahita antsika ny mpampiasa, dia hiezaka hampiady ny mpiasa izy ireo, hampanao sonia azy ireo izay mety hanenjehana azy ireo, ary mitady fomba handroahana azy ireo.
30They may get violent, too.Mety hampiasa herisetra ihany koa izy ireo.
31Vertex, a garment factory in Dhaka, Bangladesh, spent $1.2 million to upgrade this factory of 4,500 garment workers.Vertex, orinasa mpanao akanjo ao Dhaka, Bangladesh, nandany 1.2 tapitrisa dolara hanatsarana ity orinasa mampiasa mpiasa 4.500 ity.
32Credit: Amy Yee.Sary: Amy Yee.
33Used with PRI's permissionNahazoan-dalana avy amin'ny PRI
34“One day, they may hit Rahima,” Akter says, indicating a woman sitting nearby.“Indray andro, mety hamely an'i Rahima izy ireo,” hoy i Akter, milaza vehivavy iray mipetraka eo akaiky eo.
35“Another day it could be someone else.“Amin'ny andro hafa, mety olon-kafa indray no lasibatra.
36You should speak up against the abuse, so they won't dare to hit another worker again.”Tokony hampiaka-peo hanohitra ny fanararaotana ianareo, dia tsy ho sahy hamely mpiasa hafa intsony izy ireo.”
37Two years ago, garment workers won a hard-fought wage increase - more than doubling the minimum wage - to the equivalent of $68 a month.Roa taona lasa izay, nahazo fisondrota-karama nitolomana mafy ny mpiasa mpanamboatra akanjo- mahery avo roa henin'ny karama farany ambany - mitovy amin'ny 68 dolara isam-bolana.
38Akter says unions will fight to double that again in the next five years.Nilaza i Akter fa hitolona mba hampiakarana avo roa heny izany indray ny sendika ao anatin'ny dimy taona manaraka.
39A new labor law also guarantees longer maternity leaves and profit sharing for workers.Mampanantena fialan-tsasatra lava kokoa ho an'ny reny avy niteraka sy fizarana tombontsoa ho an'ny mpiasa ihany koa ny lalàna vaovao mifehy ny asa.
40But Akter says only unions can make these promises a reality.Saingy nilaza i Akter fa ny sendika ihany no afaka manatontosa izany fampanantenana izany ho tanteraka.
41“A union is like an umbrella,” she tells the workers.“Tahaka ny elo ny sendikà,” hoy izy tamin'ireo mpiasa.
42“We won't get wet in the rain, and we won't get hot in the sun.”“Tsy ho lena ao anaty orana isika, ary tsy hafana ao anaty masoandro.”
43After about half an hour, workers start lining up to fill out forms saying they want a union.Taorian'ny atsasakadiny teo ho eo, manomboka milahatra mameno taratasy milaza fa mila sendika ireo mpiasa.
44Akter keeps talking.Manohy ny resaka ihany i Akter.
45The offices of the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association, or BGMEA, tower above Dhaka.Biraon'ny Fikambanana Mpanondrana sy Mpanamboatra Akanjo ao Bangladesh, na BGMEA.
46Four years ago, Bangladesh's High Court has ruled that the building was built without proper approval and in an environmentally inappropriate place, and ordered it removed.
47It has not been.Sary: Bruce Wallace.
48Credit: Bruce Wallace.Nahazoan-dalana
49Used with PRI's permission A few days later, my interpreter and I run into Akter on our way out of the offices of the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association, or BGMEA - the garment factory owners' industry group.Andro vitsy taty aoriana, nihazakazaka tany amin'i Akter izaho sy ny mpandika teniko raha teny an-dalana avy tao amin'ny biraon'ny Fikambanana Mpanondrana sy Mpanamboatra Akanjo ao Bangladesh, na BGMEA - vondrona indostria tompon'ny orinasa mpanao akanjo.
50Garment exports accounted for $24 billion last year, 80 percent of Bangladesh's total exports.24 lavitrisa dolara ny vola miditra tamin'ny fanondranana akanjo tamin'ny taon-dasa, 80 isan-jaton'ny fitambaran'ny fanondranana entana ao Bangladesh.
51And many of the country's elected officials have a stake in those exports.Ary maro ao amin'ireo manampahefana voafidy ao amin'ny firenena no mahazo tombontsoa amin'izany fanondranana izany.
52That's what Akter's up against.Izany no mahatonga an'i Akter hijoro hanohitra.
53Unions were outlawed in Bangladesh in 2007 as part of a military-backed emergency law meant to settle political upheaval.Voaràra ao Bangladesh ny Sendikà tamin'ny 2007 noho ny lalàna vonjimaika tohanan'ny miaramila izay natao handaminana ny korontana ara-politika.
54But there's been a been a burst of labor organizing since the new labor law passed in 2013.Saingy nisy ny fandaminana faobe momba ny asa hatramin'ny nandaniana ny lalàna vaovao mifehy ny asa tamin'ny 2013.
55About 400 unions have been approved since then, according to the AFL-CIO's Solidarity Center in Dhaka.Tokony ho sendikà 400 no nekena nanomboka teo, araka ny filazan'ny Foiben'ny Firaisankina ao Dhaka AFL-CIO.
56Now unions cover some 150,000 garment workers, still a tiny fraction of the four million total.Miaro mpiasa mpanamboatra akanjo 150.000 ankehitriny ny sendikà, mbola ampahany kely amin'ireo efatra tapitrisa fitambarany.
57Historically, women, who make up 80 percent of garment workers, have been underrepresented in leadership.Ara-tantara, vitsy ny vehivavy mpitarika, kanefa vehivavy ny 80 isanjaton'ny mpiasa mpanamboatra akanjo.
58“Many times those unions are very hierarchical, they're very male-dominated,” says Sanchita Saxena, who directs the Chowdhury Center for Bangladesh Studies at UC Berkeley.“Matetika, ahitana ambaratongam-pitondrana maro ireo sendikà ireo, ny lehilahy no tena manjakazaka amin'izy ireo, hoy i Sanchita Saxena, mitantana ny Foibem-pianarana Chowdhury ao Bangladesh ao amin'ny Onivertiten'i Berkeley.
59“Oftentimes the union heads or the union bosses are professional union workers, so they've never worked in the garment factory themselves.”“Matetika mpiasa mpikambana amin'ny sendikà matihanina ireo filohan'ny sendikà na ny lehibe ao amin'ny sendika, ka mbola tsy niasa teo amin'ny orinasa mpanao akanjo izy ireo.”
60Female leadership in unions is increasing, though.Mitombo ny vehivavy mpitarika sendika, na dia izany aza.
61The two most visible garment worker leaders in the country are women (Nazma and Kalpona Akter - no relation to each other or to Sritee Akter).Vehivavy (Nazma sy Kalpona Akter - tsy misy fifandraisany amin'i Sritee Akter) ireo mpitarika roa hita matetika indrindra misahana mpiasa mpanamboatra akanjo ao amin'ny firenena .
62The AFL-CIO reports that two-thirds of factory-level leaders are now women.Nitatitra ny AFL-CIO fa vehivavy avokoa ankehitriny ny roa am-pahatelon'ny mpitarika eny amin'ny ozinina.
63And that could be good news for unions as they try to persuade garment workers to take the risk of signing up.Ary mety ho vaovao tsara ho an'ireo sendika izany satria miezaka mandresy lahatra ireo mpiasa mpanamboatra akanjo mba ho sahy hanasonia (hiditra sendikà) izy ireo.
64Organizer Sritee Akter knows how to talk to the workers on their level.Hain'ny mpikarakara Sritee Akter ny fomba firesahana amin'ireo mpiasa arakaraky ny fahaizany.
65For instance, she uses a metaphor that only rural Bengalis might understand about holding on to a particularly slippery species of fish.Ohatra, mampiasa fanoharana izy izay Bengali any ambanivohitra ihany no mety mahatakatra ny fomba fihazonana karazana trondro malama indrindra.
66Garment workers in Dhaka gather at a “women's cafe” after work to learn about workers' rights and responsibilities.Mpiasa mpanamboatra ankajo ao Dhaka mitangorona ao amin'ny “fisotroana kafe ho an'ny vehivavy” taorian'ny asa mba hianatra momba ny zon'ny mpiasa sy ny andraikitr'izy ireo.
67Credit: Amy Yee.Sary: Amy Yee.
68Used with PRI's permissionNahazoan-dalana
69“Owners are slick like a slippery fish, and do you know what we need to grab slippery fish?” she asks.“Malama toy ny trondro malama ireo tompony, ary fantatrao ve ny ilaintsika hakana trondro malama?” Hoy izy nanontany.
70“Ashes!” the workers say.“Lavenona!” hoy ireo mpiasa.
71“Ashes.“Lavenona.
72The ashes is our union,” Akter says.Ny lavenona no fitambarantsika [sendikantsika],” hoy i Akter.
73“All workers need to be united.”“Mila miray hina ny mpiasa rehetra.”
74I check in a few months after Akter's meeting with the Dacca Dyeing company employees.Nohamariniko volana vitsivitsy taorian'ny fihaonan'i Akter tamin'ny mpiasan'ny orinasa Dacca Dyeing.
75She says the government has turned down their union application twice, both times claiming they didn't have signatures from the required 30 percent of workers.Nilaza izy fa nolavin'ny fanjakana indroa ny fangatahana fananganana sendikà napetrak'izy ireo, indroa nolazaina fa tsy nahazo sonia avy amin'ny 30 isan-jaton'ny mpiasa ilaina.
76Akter's not daunted, though.Tsy kivy i Akter na izany aza.
77She says that they'll apply again, and the next time, they'll have signatures from 70 percent of the workers.Nilaza izy fa mbola hamerina ny fangatahana indray, ary amin'ny manaraka, hanangona sonia avy amin'ny 70 isan-jaton'ny mpiasa izy ireo.
78As she told the Dacca Dyeing workers at the start, “You can't just sit there with your head covered.Araka ny nolazainy tamin'ireo mpiasan'ny Dacca Dyeing tamin'ny voalohany, “Tsy afaka mipetraka fotsiny eo misaron-doha ianareo.
79You have to demand your rights.”Tsy maintsy mitaky ny zonareo ianareo. “