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1 | South Ossetia: Did Kosovo set a precedent? | Osetia Atsimo:Naka tàhaka an'i Kosovo ve? |
2 | See Global Voices special coverage page on the South Ossetia crisis. When Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on February 17, 2008 governments around the world were divided about the legitimacy of such an act. As of today, 45 out of 192 sovereign United Nations member states have formally recognised the Republic of Kosovo. | Raha nanambara samirery ny fizakan-tenany i Kosovotamin'ny 17 febroary 2008, dia nizarazara be ihany ireo fiorenena maro manerantany ny amin'ny maha-aradrariny na tsia iny fihetsika iny Amin'izao fotoana izao, 45 amin'ireo firenena 192 mpikambana ara-dalàna ao amin'ny Firenena Mikambana no nankato tanteraka ny Repoblikan'i KosovoSinganina amin'izany ny firenena maromaro ao anatin'ny Fiombonam-be Eropeana (20 amin'ny 27). |
3 | Notably, a majority of European Union member states have formally recognised it (20 out of 27). However, a few others such as Spain, Slovakia, Romania, Greece or Cyprus did not recognize Kosovo's independence fearing the reactions of the separatists from their countries. | Na izany aza, misy vitsivitsy toa an'i Espana, Silovakia, Romania, Gresy na Sipra tsy nakato ity fahaleovantena ity, noho ny tahotra ireo mpitaky fizakan-tena any amin'izy ireo tsirairay avy, ka mijery ny fahaleovantenan'i Kosovo ho toy ny ho tari-dàlana fakan-tahaka. |
4 | They thought that Kosovo would set a precedent. | Tsy toy izay kosa ny fijerin'ny filoha Rosiana, Vladimir Poutine. |
5 | Then Russia's president Vladimir Putin apparently did not think so. | Araka ny filazan'ny gazety mpiseho isan'andro sinoa Xinhua nivoaka ny 23 febroary 2008 : |
6 | According to the Chinese daily Xinhua on February 23, 2008: Russian President Vladimir Putin said on Friday the recognition of Kosovo's unilateral independence by several major world powers set “a terrible precedent”. | Tamin'ny Zoma [22 febroary 2008] dia nanambara ny Filohan'i Rosia Vladimir Poutine fa ny fankatoavan'ireo firenenan matanjaka maro ny fanambarana samirery ny fahaleovantenan'i Kosovo dia ho “tari-dàlana fakan-tahaka lozan-tany”. |
7 | On February 18, the Reuters website published an article on the occasion of Kosovo's unilaterally declared independence. | Tamin'ny 18 febroary, namoaka lahatsoratra iray momba ny fanambarana samirery ny fahaleovantenan'i Kosovo ny tranonkalan-tseraseran'ny Masoivoho Reuters. |
8 | The article, titled “Russia's Chechen rebels hail Kosovo independence”, said: | Ny lahatsoratra, izay nitondra lohateny hoe “Niarahaba ny fahaleovantenan'i Kosovo ny mpioko tchétchènes ” , dia milaza toy izao [amin'ny teny anglisy] : |
9 | Russia has strongly opposed Kosovo independence, arguing that to recognise a separatist region as a new state without the consent of the country affected sets a dangerous precedent for scores of other territorial conflicts around the world. | I Rosia dia manohitra tanteraka ny fahaleovantenan'i Kosovo, amin'ny filazàna fa ny fankatoavana fanjakàna iray mpisintaka nefa tsy nahàzo ny fankatoàvan'ny firenena nisy azy teo aloha dia hanjary ho ohatra faran‘izay ratsy indrindra ho an'ireo ady tany maro manerana izao tontolo izao. |
10 | Bloggers also reacted and analyzed possible consequences of the recognition of Kosovo's independence. | Nihetsika koa ny mpitoraka blaogy maro ary nandalina ny vokatra mety hateraky ny fankatoavana ny fahaleovantenan'i Kosovo. |
11 | Below is a representative selection of posts from that time. | Inty misy fantina maneho tsara ireo lahatsoratra voasoratra taoriana kelin'iny zava-nitranga iny: |
12 | Stanley Crossick wrote on his blog on February 22, 2008: | Hoy i Stanley Crossick tao amin'ny blaoginy tamin'ny 22 febroary 2008 : |
13 | Recognition of Kosovo's independence is an unfortunate solution, but there is currently no better a solution. | Vaha olana mampalahelo ny fankatoavana ny fahaleovantenan'i Kosovo, nefa koa tsy misy vaha olana tsara kokoa noho izany amin'izao fotoana. |
14 | […] Kosovo has separated from Serbia without its consent; and the UN has failed to endorse its independence because of strong protests by Serbia and Russia, backed by China. | […] Nisintaka tamin'i Serbia tsy nahazo ny fankatoavan'ity farany i Kosovo; ary ny Firenena Mikambana dia tsy nahavita nanohana ity fahaleovantena ity noho ny fanoherana mafy nataon'i Serbia sy Rosia, notohanan'i Sina. |
15 | However, the question should have been brought before the UN Security Council, as the legitimacy, if not the legality, of the independence would have increased with a resolution supported by a large majority, despite the veto(s). | Na izany aza, tokony ho noresahana tao amin'ny fiflan-kevi-pilaminan'ny Firenena Mikambana ity tranga ity, mba hampisy lanjany ara-drariny kokoa ity fahaleovantena ity, rehefa tsy ho ara-dalàna ihany, arahana drafitra tohanan'ny maro an'isa, na eo aza ny vato tsy azo ivalozana. |
16 | The EU foreign ministers have clearly stated that Kosovo is a special case that should not become a precedent but that may fall on deaf ears in Spain, Cyprus. | Ireo Minisitry ny Raharaham-bahiny ao amin'ny Fiombonam-be Eropeana dia nanazava tsara fa tranga maningana ity raharahan'i Kosovo ity ary tsy tokony ho tari-dàlana fakan-tahaka mihitsy, fa tsy hahalala izany I Espana sy Sipra. |
17 | Irina Filatova, a professor of the Economics in Moscow and a senior research fellow of the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, commented on The Guardian's blog Comment is Free on February 23, 2008: | Ao amin'ny blaogin'ny The Guardian Comment is Free, tamin'ny 23 febroary 2008, no nitondran ‘i Irina Filatova, mpampianatra toekarena ao Mosko sady mpikaroka any amin'ny Anjerimanontolon'ny KwaZulu-Natal ao Afrika Atsimo fanamarihana toy izao [amin'ny teny anglisy] : |
18 | Many think that Russia would use this situation to recognise the break-away [Georgian republics] of [Abkhazia] and [South Ossetia], and perhaps even [Transdnistria], a break-away part of [Moldova]. | Maro no nihevitra fa hanararaotra ity tranga ity ny Rosiana mba hankatoavana ireo Repoblika mpisintaka any Zeorzia, Abkazia sy Osetia Atsimo, ary angamba koa i Transnistria, faritra mpitaky fisintahana ao Moldavie. |
19 | […]The Americans say that Kosovo is not a precedent, that it is a once-off exception. | […] Lazain'ny Amerikana fa tsy voalohany akory ny tranga Kosovo, fa tranga maningana fotsiny. |
20 | It is difficult to believe this. | Sarotra be ny hino an'izany. |
21 | If a nation wants to secede and to create it own statehood, there is little what any government can do, except keep it by force. | Raha misy firenena iray mikasa hisintaka mba hanagana ny fanjkakany manokana, tsy manan-javatra betsaka hatao amin'izany ny governemanta, afa-tsy ny hoe hitazona azy ho eo ambany vahohony amin'ny alalan'ny fampiasan-kery. |
22 | […] The independence of Kosovo is useful to the US in order to show the world that America is not anti-Muslim, merely anti-rogue states, some of which happen to be Muslim […] But they would not support the [Basques] or the [Walloons], or the [Kurds], let alone the Transdnestrians. | […] Nanampy ny Amerikana mihitsy ny fahaleovantenan'i Kosovo, hanehoana amin'izao tontolo izao fa tsy manana kakay amin'ny Silamo akory ry zareo, fa ireo firenena be mokon-doha ihany, izay silamo ny sasantsasany […] Nefa tsy hanohana ny Basques ry zareo, na ny Wallons, na ny Kiorda, ny Transnistriana moa tsy lazaina intsony. |
23 | Nor would they support the Abkhasians and the South Ossetians, of course. | Zareo koa aloha tsy hanohana ny Abkazy sy ny Asety [Ossètes], mazava ho azy. |
24 | | Ny mifanohitra amin'izany aza, raha toa ka mankatoa ny fahaleovantenan'ireo repoblika mitaky fizakan-tena i Rosia, ary i Zeorzia kosa hanohitra (izay hataony rahateo), dia hanohana ny Zeorziana ny Amerikana, ary Rosia dia mety ho saro-toerana manoloana ireo tandrefana. |
25 | On the other hand, if Russia decided to recognise these break-away republics, and if Georgia decided to oppose this (which it would) then the Americans would, of course, support [Georgia], and Russia might, indeed, face a conflict with the west. | Tsy ny fahaleovantenan'i Kosovo akory no hampiparitaka an'i Eropa, saingy kosa efa nampipoaka fitsipika maro nifotoran'ny fifandraisana iraisam-pirenena amin'izao fiaraha-monina iainantsika izao izy ity. […] Tamin'ny volana Aprily 2008, tao anatin'ny Prospect Magazine, dia hoy i Shaun Walker [amin'ny teny anglisy] : |
26 | Kosovo's independence is not going to explode Europe, but it has already exploded many of the assumptions on which our modern system of international relations is based. [ | […] Raha tonga tany Abkazia aho tamin'ny volana lasa iny dia nandre fanehoan-kevitra mitovy tsy misy valaka mikasika ny fahaleovantena toy ny tamin'ireo fitsidihana nataoko tany aloha tany. Fa tamin'ity indray mitoraka ity, nisy antonym fanampiny indray izany, i Kosovo. |
27 | …] | Mihevitra ry zareo Abkazy fa tsy miraharaha azy ireo mihitsy ny tandrefana, ary ankehitriny, hatramin'ny nankatoavana ny fahaleovantenan'i Kosovo nataon'ireo firenena tandrefana maro, dia vao mainka mihalalaina izany fihevitr'izy ireo izany. |
28 | Shaun Walker wrote in the British Prospect Magazine in April 2008: | Nahoana ny Kosovara no mendrika ny fahalalahany ary tsy toy izany kosa ny Abkazy ?[ …] Toa voaporofo ankehitriny ny vinavinan'ireo mpitoraka blaogy mar. |
29 | […] When I visited Abkhazia last month, I heard all the same arguments for independence as on previous visits. But this time there was an added grievance-Kosovo. | Zendana ny rehetra, tamin'ny andro nanokafana indrindra ny Lalao Olaimpika tao Pekin, ny 8 Aogositra 2008, naka toerana tao Osetia atsimo ny tafika Rosiana sy ny mpitaky fizakan-tena Osety (Ossètes), rehefa avy naka izany teo an-tànan'ny manampahefana ao Zeorzia. |
30 | Abkhazians have always felt that the west has treated them unfairly, and now, since the recognition of Kosovo's independence by several western countries, they feel doubly wronged. | Tohina toy ireo mpitoraka blaogy maro hafa, i Jelena Milić, raha nahare ny vaovao. Hoy indrindra izy [amin'ny teny Serba] mikasika io tranga io ao amin'ny blaoginy ao amin'ny Serbian news portal B92 : |
31 | Why did Kosovars deserve their freedom more than the Abkhaz?[ …] | Šta je ovo? Zar nisu nekad ratovi prestajali kad su igre počinjale? |
32 | Now it seems that assumptions by many bloggers have become a reality. | Fa misy inona ? Fa tsy tokony hitsahatra ve ny ady rehefa manomboka ny Lalao Olaimpika e? |
33 | To everyone's astonishment, on the same day the Beijing Olympics started, Russian military troups and South Ossetian separatists took control of the South Ossetia region from Georgia's authority. | Mbola ao amin'ny B92 dia hoy i Ivan Marović ao anaty lahatsoratra iray [amin'ny teny Serba] mitondra ny lohateny hoe “Ny ady any Zeorzia” : Postavlja se pitanje zašto baš sad, nakon petnaestak godina primirja? |
34 | Jelena Milić, like many other bloggers, was shocked to hear the news. | S jedne strane, separatisti i Abhaziji i Južnoj Osetiji su osetili da nakon priznanja jednostrano proglađene nezavisnosti Kosova od strane vodećih država Zapada, oni mogu učiniti nešto slično i očekivati podršku Rusije. |
35 | She wrote [Serbian] about it on her blog in the Serbian news portal B92: What is this? | […] Rukovodstvo Južne Osetije je, poučeno događajima na Balkanu, skapiralo da sve može, ako imaš moćnu državu iza sebe, a u njihovom slučaju to je Rusija. |
36 | Weren't wars supposed to stop when the Olympic Games began? | S druge strane, gruzijski predsednik Miša Šakašvili kapira da je situacija sad ili nikad. |
37 | Ivan Marović, also blogging at B92, wrote a post [Serbian] titled “the War in Georgia” in which he says: | On takođe misli da ima moćnu državu iza sebe, Ameriku, ali da će, što vreme duže bude odmicalo, sve teže biti izvesti vojnu akciju protiv separatista. |
38 | The question is: why now, 15 years after the armistice? | Već sad se oseća smanjenje uticaja Amerike i povećanje uticaja Rusije na Kavkazu. |
39 | On one hand, Abkhazian and South Ossetian separatists felt that since Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence was recognized by the leading Western countries, they could do something like that and expect the support of Russia […] With Kosovo on mind, South Ossetian leaders have figured out that if they get the support of a powerful country, in this case Russia, they will attain their goal. | […] Međutim, već posle nekoliko sati postalo je očigledno da je Rusija reagovala brzo i odlučno, dok se Amerika još uvek drži retoričkih reakcija. Izgleda da će SAD da pomogne Gruziji onoliko koliko je Rusija pomogla Srbiji 1999, odnosno da je gruzijska vojna akcija u Južnoj Osetiji propala, nema ništa od brzog zauzimanja Južne Osetije. |
40 | On the other hand, Georgia's president Mikhael Saakashvili considers that this moment is decisive for his country. | Sad je samo pitanje šta će se desiti, da li će rezultat biti prekid vatre uz pojačano pristustvo ruskih trupa ili otvoreni rat koji može poprilično da potraje. |
41 | He also thinks that he has the support of a powerful country such as the United States, but as time goes by it will be more and more difficult for him to justify the military actions against separatists. | Ny fanontaniana dia hoe : nahoana no ankehitriny, 15 taona taorian'ny fifanarahan'ny mpifanandrina hampitsahatra ny korontana ? Amin'ny lafiny iray, ireo mpitaky fizakan-tena ao Abkazia sy Osetia Atsimo nihevitra fa hoe satria nankatoavin'ny firenen-dehibe tandrefana ny fanambaràna samirery ny fahaleovantenany nataon'i Kosovo, dia afaka manao zavatra mitovitovy amin'iny koa ry zareo ary afaka hiantehitra amin'i Rosia. |
42 | […] However, already after a few hours it became obvious that Russia had reacted promptly and seriously, while the United States is still trying the diplomatic way. | […] Tsy alàn'izy ireo ao an-tsaina i Kosovo, ireo mpitondra tao OsetiaAtsimo dia nihevitra fa raha mahazo fanohanana avy amina firenena iray matanjaka ry zareo , Rosia ohatra, dia ho tratra ny tanjona. |
43 | It seems that the U.S. will support Georgia in the same way Russia supported Serbia in 1999. | Amin'ny lafiny iray hafa indray, ny filohan'i Zeorzia Mikheïl Saakashvili dia mihevitra fa ny vaninandro ankehitriny dia fotoana fakàna fanapahan-kevitra hentitra ho an'ny fireneny. |
44 | It means that Georgia's military operation has failed in South Ossetia. The fast takeover South Ossetia has failed. | Heveriny koa hahazo ny fanohanan'ny firenena matanjaka iray, i Etazonia, saingy arakaraky ny handrosoan'ny fotoana no mahasarotra koa ny fanamarinany ny hetsika miaramila nataony hanoherana ireo mpitaky fizakan-tena. |
45 | Now the only question is whether a ceasefire will be worked out so that Russian troops will remain in South Ossetia or the war will be go on. | […] Na eo aza izany, ora vitsy taty aorian'izay dia nihetsika haingana sy tamin-kery i Rosia, raha mbola nikatsaka ny làlana diplaomatika kosa i Etazonia. |
46 | Reuters blogger Giles Elgood wrote a post titled “Was South Ossetia's fate sealed in Kosovo?” in which he wondered: | Azo sainina ny hanohana'i Etazonia an'i Zeorzia toy izay nanohanan'i Rosia an'i Serbia tamin'ny 1999. |
47 | Is Kosovo to blame for the fighting in South Ossetia? | Midika izany fa ny fidirana ara-miaramila nataon'i Zeorzia any Osetia Atsimo, sy ny fahazoana azy malaky, dia nandamoaka avokoa. |
48 | When the Serbian province seceded from Belgrade in February, South Ossetia was quick to reassert its own claim to international recognition. | Ny fanontaniana amin'izao fotoana dia ny hahafantarana hoe hisy fampitsaharana poa-basy hapetraka ve miaraka amin'ny mbola fisian'ny miaramila Rosiana any Osetia Atsimo, na hitohy ny ady. |
49 | As a spokeswoman for separatist leader Eduard Kokoity told Reuters at the time: “The Kosovo precedent has driven us to more actively seek our rights.” | Ny mpitoraka blaogy Giles Elgood avy amin'ny Reuters, no nanoratra lahatsoratra iray [amin'ny teny anglisy] mitondra ny lohateny hoe “Mifamatotra amin'izay misy any Kosovo ve ny ho avin'i Osetia Atsimo?” , Hoy izy nanontany tena: |
50 | Those remarks will not have gone unheard in Tblisi and could well have added some urgency to Georgia's desire to impose its rule over breakaway South Ossetia. | Horaisina ho toy ny tomponandraikitra amin'ny ady any Osetia Atsimo ve i Kosovo? Raha nisintaka ny faritany serba iray tamin'ny febroary, i Osetia Atsino andalan'ny fanamafisana ny fangatahany ny fankatoavan'izao tontolo izao. |
51 | With widespread Western backing, Kosovo was able to achieve a fairly clean break with its former ruler, despite Russian objections. | Araka izay nambaran'ilay vehivavy Edouard Kokoïty mpitondra tenin'ny mpitarika ireo mpitaky fizakan-tena tamin'ny Reuters tamin'ny, “tari-dàlana ho antsika i Kosovo mba hitondra antsika amin'ny fametrahana mavitrika ny zontsika”. |
52 | Now Moscow is backing the separatists and it's far from clear how things will play out this time. | Tsy nandalo fotsiny ireo fanamarihana ireo tao Tbilissi, ary mety nitarika ny fahamehan'ny fanirian'i Zeorzia hamerina amin'ny laoniny ny vahohony amin'i Osetia Atsimo mpiodina. |
53 | Austin Bey doesn't agree, claiming that it is not possible to compare both issues - Kosovo and South Ossetia: | Miampy ny fanohanana betsaka avy amin'ny tandrefana, i Kosovo dia nahazo fisarahana mazava tamin'ireo mpanjanaka azy teo aloha, na teo azan y fitsivalanan'ny rosiana. |
54 | […]After Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence, separatism resulting from international action to protect an ethnic minority has an imprimatur. | Ankehitriny dia manohana ny mpitaky fizakan-tena I Mosko, ary tsy mbola hita mazava izay azo hamaritana ny ho fivoaran'ny toe-draharaha amin'ity indray mitoraka ity. |
55 | That is one interpretation of Russia's argument that Kosovo should never have been allowed to unilaterally separate from Serbia, which it did earlier this year. | i Austin Bey dia tsy manaiky izany. Ho azy dia tsy azo ampitahaina ireo disadisa roa ireo, ny an'i Kosovo sy Osetia Atsimo : |
56 | Russia's invasion of Georgia's separatist South Ossetia region is certainly renewed warfare in the near abroad. | […] Nanaraka ny fanambarana samirery ny fahaleovantenan'i Kosovo, dia lasa azo atao ny fisintahana vokatry ny fanohanana iraisam-pirenena imba hiarovana ireo foko vitsy an'isa.. |
57 | It is also a violent reminder of how unsettled Eastern Europe remains in the post-Cold War era. | Izay no fomba fijery rosiana izay milaza fa tsy tokony ho nomena alalana mihitsy i Kosovo mba hisintaka samirery amin'i Serbia. |
58 | For Moscow's foreign policy purposes, the troubles in Georgia fit “the Kosovo frame” - a minority group beset by an “ethnic nationalist authority” attempting to regain control. [ | Ny fananiham-bohitry ny rosiana any amin'ny faritra mpitaky fizakan-tena any Osetia Atsimo, izay an'I Zeorzia, dia fiantsiana ady vaovao amin'ny rosiana izay mpifanolobodirindrina akaiky indrindra. Mampitamberina amin'ny fomba mahery vaika ny tsy fitombenan-toeran'i Eropa Atsinanana hatramin'ny faran'ny Ady mangatsiaka izany . |
59 | …] | Noho ny filàn'ny pôlitika ivelan'ny rosiana, dia manaraka ny “lasitra Kosovara” ny korontana misy any Zeprzia : misy vitsy an'isa eo ambany vahohon'ny fitondrana “nasionalista ara-poko” mikatsaka ny fahalalahany. |
60 | […]I'm pointing this out not because I believe Georgia is Slobodan Milosevic's Serbia. | Ny filazako izany tsy hoe satria mino aho fa I Zoerzia dia ny Serbian'i Slobodan Milosevic. |
61 | It most certainly is not. | Tsy izany velively. |
62 | Georgia a democratic state “working its way West” politically and economically. | Firenena demokratika i Zeorzia izay manana fironana amin'ny tandrefana amin'ny lafiny ara-pôlitika sy ara-toekarena. |
63 | These are major qualitative differences between contemporary Georgia and Serbia in 1999. | Be ny elanelana amin'ny fahaizan-manao eo amin'ny Zeorzia ankehitriny sy i Serbian'ny taona 1999. |
64 | However, Russian diplomats warned for the last eight years claimed “the Kosovo precedent” would affect around 200 regions or territories in nations around the world. | Na izany aza, efa nampitandrina ny diplaomaty rosiana fa hahazo faritany eo amin'ny 200 maneran-tany eo ity tari-dalan'i Kosovo ity. |
65 | That's a nice round figure and it may in fact be low. | Betsaka izany isa izany, nefa raha ny tena zava-misy dia mety ho kely ihany. |
66 | Moscow's insisted that Kosovo would establish a “separatist precedent” for spinning statelets from sovereign nations. | Nanindry mafy I Mosko ny amin'ny haha-mpitaky fizakan-tena mpitari-dalana an'i Kosovo ho an'ireo firenena kely maro mitangorona amin'ireo fanjakana manana ny fiandrianany. |
67 | Interestingly enough, both Romania and Greece oppose a “unilateral” Kosovo independence. | Tamim-pomba mahazendana, I Romania toa an'i Gresy dia nanohitra ny fahaleovantena nambaran'i Kosovo samirery. |
68 | Spain, with its Basque separatists, wasn't enthusiastic. [ …] | I Espana, miaraka amin'ireo mpitaky fizakan-tena basques, tsy dia rototra loatra. […] |