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1Ukraine's New Banned Websites Registry: Security Measure or Censorship Tool?Lisitry ny Habaka Voaràra ao Okraina: Fepetram-Piarovana Sa Fitaovam-Panivanana?
2News of Ukraine's new banned websites registry has Internet users worried.Nampiahiahy ny mpisera aterineto ny vaovaon'ny lisitra misy ireo habaka voaràra ao Okraina.
3Images mixed by Tetyana Lokot.Sary namboarin'i Tetyana Lokot.
4When Ukraine's Interior Minister announced the initiative to form a new cyberpolice unit on October 11, the focus of the media coverage-and of Minister Avakov's statement-was very much on fighting online crime and beefing up the information security practices of the Ukrainian government.Raha nanambara tetikasa hanangana vondrona polisy antserasera vaovao ny Minisitry ny Atitany ao Okraina tamin'ny 11 Oktobra, ny nifantohan'ny tatitry ny haino aman-jery sy ny fanambaran'ny Minisitra Avakov bebe kokoa dia mikasika indrindra ny ady amin'ny heloka antserasera sy ny fanamafisana ny fiarovam-baovao fanaon'ny governemanta Okrainiana.
5The launch was touted as successful, with over three thousand Ukrainians applying to join the cyberpolice force in the first 24 hours after the announcement.Noraisina ho fahombiazana ny fampahafantarana, rehefa ahitana Okrainiana telo arivo mahery nametraka taratasy fangatahana hanatevin-daharana ny vondrona polisy misahana ny aterineto tao anatin'ny 24 ora voalohany taorian'ny fanambarana.
6But amid the robust response to plans for the cybercrime unit, an arguably less popular element of the initiative flew under many Ukrainians' radars.Saingy tao anatin' ny valinteny mafonja hananganana vondrona miady amin'ny heloka antserasera, dia tsipalotry ny Okrainiana maro ny singam-pisantaran'andraikitra tsy dia ankasitrahan'ny besinimaro.
7Along with other measures to improve information security, the Ministry plans to establish a registry of websites and webpages blocked for distributing “forbidden content.”Miaraka amin'ireo fepetra hafa hanatsarana ny fiarovam-baovao, dia mikasa hametraka lisitra misy ireo habaka sy pejin-tranonkala sakanana noho ny fizarana “votoaty voaràra” ny minisitera.
8A slide from the Ukrainian cyberpolice launch presentation.Sary fanehoana ny fampahafantarana ny polisin'ny aterineto Okrainiana.
9Image from mvs.gov.ua.Sary avy amin'ny mvs.gov.ua.
10Coming soon in the cyberpolice The creation of online platforms for registration and further blocking of Internet resources that are used to distribute and share forbidden content.Ho avy tsy ho ela ao amin'ny polisin'ny aterineto Fananganana sehatra antserasera ho fisoratana anarana sy mety ho fanakanana ireo loharanom-baovao an'aterineto izay nampiasaina hampielezana na hamoahana votoaty voaràra.
11The presentation slide featured above, which was published on the Interior Ministry's website, indicates that websites featuring pirated content violating copyright, child pornography, malware and viruses, and phishing content will be listed on the banned website registry.Mampiseho ny fanehoana an-tsary eo ambony, izay nivoaka tao amin'ny habaky ny Ministeran'ny Atitany fa ny habaka tranonkala mampiseho votoaty nopiratena manitsakitsaka ny zon'ny mpamorona, sary mamoha fady ahitana ankizy, rindram-panimbana sy viriosy ary ny votoaty fisolokiana dia ho ampidirina ao anatin'ny lisitry ny habaka voaràra.
12It's unclear whether social media websites, where any user can potentially upload these and other kinds of content, will bear the brunt of responsibility for these materials - they could be blacklisted and blocked in their entirety, or authorities could take a more nuanced approach, blocking only the pages with prohibited content.Tsy mazava raha ireo habaka media sosialy, izay ahafahan'ny mpiserasera rehetra mamoaka ireo voalaza rehetra ireo sy ireo karazana votoaty hafa no hizaka ny voka-dratsy ho tompon'andraikitra amin'ireo fitaovana ireo - azo ampidirina ao anaty lisitra mainty izy ireo ary akatona manontolo, na afaka mandray fepetra hafa ny manampahefana, manakatona ny pejy misy ny votoaty voaràra ihany.
13It is also unclear whether the cyberpolice forces will be required to seek court approval in order to add a site to the blacklist and subsequently block it, or if the blockings will occur extrajudicially.Tsy mazava ihany koa raha takiana hahazo alalana amin'ny fitsarana ny vondrona polisin'ny aterineto vao mahazo mampiditra ny habaka ao anatin'ny lisitra mainty ary avy eo manakana izany, na afaka mampihatra ny fanakanana tsy misy didim-pitsarana.
14The Internet blacklist mechanism is already broadly used in Russia, where many websites, media outlets, and social network pages have at one time or another ended up on the registry.Efa miasa soa aman-tsara ao Rosia, izay efa maro ny habaka tranonkala, seha-baovao ary pejin-tambajotra sosialy no niafara tao tamin'ny fotoana iray na hafa, ny lisitra mainty an'aterineto.
15RuNet Echo has covered many of these cases, where webpages were banned for anything from obscenities and celebrity memes to “extremist content” (a vague category that includes, for instance, this anti-fascist Disney cartoon).Efa nitatitra ny maro amin'ireny raharaha ireny, ny Akon'ny RuNet ary ireo peijin-tranonkala ireo dia voarara noho ny zavatra rehetra miainga amin'ny votoaty mamoha fady sy ireo sary amboarina malaza ka hatramin'ny “votoaty eksitremista” (sokajy manjavozavo ahitana ny sarimiaina anti-fasista an'i Disney ohatra).
16Wikipedia, Lurkmore, Facebook, VKontakte, YouTube, and Google+ have all appeared on the RuNet blacklist.Wikipedia, Lurkmore, Facebook, VKontakte, YouTube, ary Google+ dia samy efa hita tao anatin'ny lisitra maintin'ny RuNet avokoa.
17RosComSvoboda, a Internet rights initiative monitoring content restrictions on the RuNet, estimates that hundreds of thousands of webpages with unquestionably legal content regularly end up on the blacklist due to vaguely worded laws and inconsistent implementation of the laws by regulators.RosComSvoboda, fisantaran'andraikitra iray mandala ny zo an'aterineto manara-maso ny fameperana votoaty ao amin'ny RuNet, nanombana fa an'hetsiny ireo pejin-tranonkala hita miharihary fa tsy manitsakitsa-dalàna ao amin'ny votoaty no miafara ao anaty lisitra mainty noho ny fanjavozavon'ny lalàna sy ny fampiharan'ny mpandamin-draharaha tsy mazava ny lalàna.
18The self-proclaimed separatist Donetsk People's Republic in eastern Ukraine also got its own Internet blacklist in June 2015 to restrict access to pro-Ukrainian websites with “content banned in the republic.”Nahazo ny Iisitra mainty an'aterineto ho azy ihany koa ny Repoblika mpisintaka Entim-Bahoakan'i Donetsk ao Okraina atsinanana tamin'ny Jona 2015 hanakanana ireo tranonkala pro-Okrainianina amin'ny “votoaty voarara ao amin'ny repoblika.”
19In January 2014, in the midst of the Euromaidan protests, Ukrainian lawmakers passed laws restricting online public space and introducing web blocking, along with a string of other measures limiting free expression and civic activity.Tamin'ny Janoary 2014, nandritra ny fihetsiketseha-panoherana Euromaidan, no nandanian'ny mpanao lalàna Okrainianina lalàm-pamerana ny seha-bahoaka an-tserasera sy mampiditra ny fanakanana ny tranonkala, miaraka amin'ireo fepetra maro isan-karazany mametra ny fahalalaham-pitenenana sy ny hetsika fanentanana mahaolompirenena.
20The set of laws, ostensibly aimed at cracking down on the protesters, in many ways resembled similar Russian legal norms.Ireo andian-dalàna nikendrena hangejana ny mpanao fihetsiketsehana, dia mitovitovy amin'ny lalàna rosiana amin'ny lafiny maro.
21Then-president Victor Yanukovych even signed the laws into effect, but the new norms angered the Euromaidan protesters and caused an uptick in protest activity, ultimately resulting in Yanukovich's exit and the repeal of the restrictive anti-protest legislation.Avy eo ny filoha tamin'izany fotoana izany Victor Yanukovych nanasoania ny lalàna mba ho azo ampiharina, saingy nahatezitra ny mpanao fihetsiketsehan'ny Euromaidan ireo fitsipika ireo na nampiakatra ny maripanam-panoherana, izay niafara tamin'ny fitsoahan'i Yanukovich sy ny fanesorana ireo lalàna iadiana amin'ny hetsi-panoherana.
22Given Ukrainians' reaction to the 2014 laws, the newly proposed banned websites registry is unlikely to get an enthusiastic response from Internet users.Raha jerena ny fihetsiky ny Okrainianina tamin'ny lalànan'ny taona 2014, dia heverina ho lavitra dia lavitry ny hahafaly ireo mpiserasera aterineto ity tolo-dalàna hametrahana ny rejisitry ny haba-tranonkala voarara ity.