Sentence alignment for gv-eng-20121116-372895.xml (html) - gv-mlg-20121111-40441.xml (html)

#engmlg
1What is the Role of the Army in Africa Today?Inona Ny Anjara Asan'ny Tafika Eto Afrika ?
2[All quotations have been translated from the French and can be viewed in the original post]
3The army has often held a crucial but ambiguous role in the running of the political process in Africa. Between the years 1950 and 2000, 53 African countries have suffered 85 military coups leading to regime change.Matetika ny Tafika no nitana anjara toerana nampiova zavatra saingy manalasala teo amin'ny fiainana politika teto Afrika. tanelanelan'ny taona 1950 sy 2000, 53 ny firenena afrikana nizaka fanonganam-panjakana 85 izay tonga tamin'ny fiovan'ny fitondrana.
4After a period of respite in the 1990s, the African continent was once more that with the most military coups in the first decade of the 21st century with 27 takeover attempts.Taorian'ny fiatoana kely nandritra ny taompolo 90, mbola fanta-daza tamin'ny fisiana fanonganam-panjakana be indrindra nandritra ny taompolon'ny taona 2000 izay nahitana fikasana hanongam-panjakana 27.
5Being both a factor in consolidation or destabilisation of regimes [fr], the army is blamed in many countries and does not seem to know how to adapt to this change in people's mentalities.Noho izy afa-manamafy na afa-manozongozona fitondrana, voatondro [molotra] any amin'ny ankamaroan'ny firenena ny tafika ary tahaka ny tsy mahay mifandrindra amin'ny fiovan'ny toe-tsaina.
6The Army of Madagascar supported Rajoelina during his seizure of power in March 2009 - Public Domain via TopmadaNanohana an-dRajoelina ny tafika malagasy tamin'ny fandraisana ny fahefana tamin'ny marsa 2009 - valam-bahoaka Topmada
7A Question of Competence and RemunerationOlana ara-pahaizana sy karama
8In Mali, the lack of resolution in the conflict in the North of the country was the main reason invoked by Captain Amadou Haya Sanogo to remove Amadou Toumani Touré from power.Tany Mali, ny tsy fisian'ny faharesen-dahatra hamaha ny olana any avaratr'i Mali no antony voalohany nolazain'ny kapiteny Sanogo ho nakana ny fahefan'i Amadou Toumani Touré.
9However, since the military coup of 22 March 2012, the army remains powerless regarding reclaiming North Mali and seems resigned to wait for help from international armed forces to chase the Islamic groups from the area.Nefa hatramin'ny fanonganam-panjakana tamin'ny 22 Marsa 2012, tsy mahahetsika haka indray ny faritra avaratry ny firenena ny tafika ary tahaka ny rafotsibe very laona ka miandry izay igadònan'ny tafika iraisampirenena handroaka ny vondrona islamista any amin'ny faritra.
10If Captain Sanogo gives the impression of having left the civil authorities and the interim president, Dioncounda Tractor, to assume leadership of the country, he is nevertheless a major figure of the current transition and remains at the head of the CNRDRE military junta.Raha tahaka ny mamela ny fitarihana ny firenena ho an'ny fahefana sivily sy ny filoha vonjimaika Dioncounda Traoré ny kapiteny Amadou Sanogo, dia mijanona ho olona tsy azo ihodivirana amin'ny tetezamita ankehitriny sady mitoetra ho mpitarika ny Komity nasionaly ho fanarenana ny demokrasia sy ho famerenan-kasina ny Fanjakana (CNRDRE).
11Captain Sanogo, Leader of the Military Junta, photo via @YoungmalianNy Kapiteny Sanogo, mpitarika ny miaramila mpioko, saripika @Youngmalian
12Captain Sanogo began his military training in the Kati Military Academy in Mali then continued it in the United States, firstly in Lackland,Texas then at Fort Benning, Georgia and Fort Wachica in Arizona.Nanomboka ny fiofanana ara-miaramila tao amin'ny Prytanée militaire de Kati ny kapiteny Sanogo avy eo tany Etazonia tany Lackland, Texas tamin'ny voalohany ary tany Fort Benning, Géorgie rehefa nandalo tany Fort-Wachica tany Arizona.
13During Sanogo's brief period at the head of the country, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, MNLA, linked to various Islamic groups including the AQMI, Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, conquered half of North Mali and declared independence for Azawad.Nandritra ny fotoana fohy dia fohy nitarihan'i Sanogo ny firenena, dia nandrombaka manontolo ara-miaramila ny tapany avaratr'i Mali sy nnambara ny fahaleovantenan'i Azawad ny MNLA izay niara-dia tamin'ny vondrona islamista isan-karazany ahitana ny AQMI.
14If there is a debate about Sanogo's military competences, there is little doubt that he has not acquired the necessary political competence in light of his multiple interference and unilateral decisions regarding the management of the country.Raha azo atao ny miady hevitra amin'ny fahaizana ara-miaramilan'i Sanogo, dia tsy isalasalana loatra fa tsy manana ny fahaiza-manao ara-politika ilaina ny lehilahy raha jerena ny fitsabahana maro sy ireo fanapahan-kevitra samirery nataony tamin'ny fitarihana ny firenena.
15Here is a video interview given by Sanogo after having handed power to the interim president by MrMaliweb [fr]:Indro ny lahatsarin-tafatafa nifanaovana tamin'i Sanogo taorian'ny nanomezana ny fahefana tamin'ny filoha vonjimaika nataon'ny MrMaliweb:
16In Madagascar the army played a crucial role in the advent of the ongoing political crisis there.Teto Madagasikara, nanana anjara toerana fototra tamin'ny fiposahan'ny krizy politika ankehitriny ny tafika.
17A video captured during Rajoelina's takeover tells of the unfolding of the military coup and the army's role in the taking of power: The Tananews website wrote of how the army of Madagascar sacrificed its mission [fr] all because of a problem with remuneration:Nisy lahatsary iray voarakitra nandritra ny fotoana nandraisan-dRajoelina ny fitondrana mampahatsiahy ny fizotry ny fanonganam-panjakana sy ny anjara toeran'ny tafika tamin'ny fandraisana ny fahefana: Mpamaky iray ao amin'ny Tananews no nanoratra fa nanao sorona ny iraka ampanaovina azy ny tafika malagasy noho ny resaka karama :
18Money and corruption have played a significant role in supporting this interminable crisis.Eny, nitana anjara toerana nahatonga ity krizy tsy mety tapitra ity ny vola sy ny kolikoly.
19Under the eyes of the whole world, the army of Madagascar will have much to do to restore its tarnished image.Mila miezaka mafy ny tafika malagasy raha te-hampamirapiratra indray ny asany manoloana izao tontolo izao! Maro ny manamboninahitra no nisafidy hanao sorona ny Hajany sy ny Reharehany, mba hahazoana toerana mandalo!
20A number of officers have preferred to sacrifice their honour and pride to accede to positions which are here today, gone tomorrow!Manan-kambo ve ry zareo amin'ny fitondrana ny gradiny vaovao, izay nomen'ny fahefana tsy ara-dalàna azy ireo? Aoka ry zareo hanontany ny tenany [..]
21Are they proud to wear their new stripes, attributed to them by an illegal power?Tsy misy vahaolana maro hanavotana ny firenentsika: - Na miavotra ny Tafika Malagasy ka miaraka amin'ny vahoaka;
22Let's hope they ask themselves the question […] To save our country, there are no two ways about it: Either the army of Madagascar takes itself in hand and comes to swell the ranks of the Vahaoaka; Or the army of Madagascar continues to act as puppets..- Na manaiky ny hatao marionety hatrany ny Tafika Malagasy.. Juvence Ramasy, mpandalina politika eto Madagasikara, namoaka lahatsoratra mikasika ny anjara toeran'ny tafika amin'ny fanamarina-toerana ara-politika sy demokratika amin'ny fananganana Filankevitra ho fampandrosoana ny fikarohana ara-tsiansa sosialy eto Afrika.
23Juvence Ramasy, political scientist in Madagascar, published an article on the role of the armed forces in political and democratic stability for CODESRIA, the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa.
24He explained [fr]:Hoy izy nanazava:
25In order for the political neutrality of the army to be really effective, the demilitarisation of political power must be achieved, because the retreat of military personnel from the direct exercise of executive power and the subordination of the military to civil decisions is not sufficient to assure this political neutrality.Mba ahafahana mampahomby ny tsy fitongilanana ara-politikan'ny tafika, tsy maintsy tontosaina ny fisintahan'ny miaramila amin'ny fahefana politika, saria tsy ampy hahazoana antoka io tsy fironana ara-politika io ny fialan'ny miaramila amin'ny fitantanana mivantana ny fahefana politika sy ny fanoavan'ny rafitra ara-miaramila ny fanapahan-kevitra sivily.
26This retreat has been achieved through the third wave of democratisation.Tontosa izany fisintahana izany nandritra ny onja fahatelon'ny demokratizasiona.
27However, the transition goes wherever the militaries go.Saingy mandeha any amin'izay andehanan'ny miaramila ny tetezamita.
28Mathieu Pellerin, researcher at the French International Relations Institute, IFRI, explained that during each crisis, political players in Madagascar try to curry favour with the armed forces [fr]:Mathieu Pellerin, mpikaroka ao amin'ny Institut Français des Relations Internationales IFRI (Ivo-toerana Frantsay Misahana ny Fifandraisana Iraisampirenena), manazava fa isaky ny misy ny krizy, dia miezaka ny hahazo ny “fitiavan'ny” tafika ny mpanao politika malagasy:
29The army of Madagascar has a legalistic tradition […] This is not to say however that the army plays no part, quite the opposite.Manana fahazarana legalista [manaja ny ara-dalàna] ny tafika malagasy [..] Fa tsy midika izany fa tsy manana anjara toerana ny tafika, tsia fa ny mifanohitra amin'izany aza.
30I would describe it as the force of deterrence because of the threat that it poses.Tononiko eto hoe herim-panindriana noho ny fijoroana mandòdona [manaloka] be ananany.
31Each side knows it will have to submit to its will.Samy mahalala ny andaniny sy ny ankilany fa tsy maintsy manaiky ny sitrapony.
32In 2002, the development of Marc Ravalomanana's reservist forces has weighted the balance of power. [..]Tamin'ny 2002, nanan-danja teo amin'ny fifandanjan-kery ny niarahan'ny rezervista tamin-dRavalomanana. [..]
33Andry Rajoelina has surrounded himself with military personnel, including the general of the retreat, Dollin Rosoloa, who was Chief of Staff for the Mayor of Antananarivo, Madagascar's largest city, and generals Blake and Organes who used to serve under Marc Ravalomanana.Nohodidinina miaramila i Andry Rajoelina, ka voalohany amin'izany ny jeneraly misotro ronono Dollin Rasolosoa izay talen'ny kabinetrany tao amin'ny Fiadidiana ny tanànan'Antananarivo, sy ny Jeneraly Blake sy Organes izay efa niasa nandritra ny fitondran-dRavalomanana.
34They should therefore have an influence on certain sections of the army of Madagascar.Tsy maintsy hoe manana [ambaindaim-] fahefana amin'ny tafika malagasy ihany ry zareo.
35In his book “Madagascar, le coup d'Etat de mars 2009” [fr], Professor Solofo Randrianja explained the mechanism of the army's corruption [fr] during the current crisis:Ao amin'ny bokiny “Madagascar, le coup d'Etat de mars 2009” [Madagasikara, ny fanonganam-panjakana tamin'ny marsa 2009], ny profesora Solofo Randrianja no mnazava ny fizotran'ny fanangolena ny tafika mandritra ny krizy ankehitriny :
36Rajoelina gives various benefits [to the military] to ensure their support and loyalty.Manome tombontsoa isan-karazany [amin'ny miaramila] Rajoelina hahafahany mahazo antoka amin'ny fanohanany sy ny firaiketam-pony.
37The granting of loans of 3.2 billion ariary across the armed forces during 2009 Independence Day celebrations is a product of this mindset […] to ensure that this clientelist redistribution does not continue, it is necessary that the institution of the military be under democratic control and no longer under civilian control.Ao anatin'izany fikendrena izany ny nahazoan'ny ankapoben'ny mpitandro ny filaminana tambin-karama mitentina 3,2 miliara ariary [..] Mba tsy hampaharitra izany fanambitambazana izany intsony, tokony hapetraka ambany fifehezana demokratika ny rafitra ara-miaramila fa tsy ambany fifehezana sivily intsony.
38An Army often Divided and Under PressureTafika voateritery sy voasaraka matetika
39In Côte d'Ivoire, after a civil war which has left scars, the army, Republican Forces of Côte d'Ivoire, FRCI is still under pressure from militia faithful to the old Gbagbo regime.Any Côte d'Ivoire, taorian'ny ady an-trano izay namela takaitra, mbola eo ambany fanindrian'ny milisy mpanohana ny fitondrana teo aloha an'i Gbagbo hatrany ny tafika (FRCI).
40Confrontations took place in August 2012 [fr] near the capital, Abidjan, leading people to fear a reduction in public safety.Nisy fifandonana nitranga tamin'ny aogositra 2012 teo akaikin'ny renivohitra Abidjan, izay nahiana hampiverina indray ny tsy-fandriampahalemana.
41Richard Banegas, professor at Ceri-Sciences-Po, stated that the disturbances were justified [fr]:Richard Banegas, profesora ao amin'ny Ceri-Sciences-Po, nanamafy fa voamarina ny fanahiana:
42Many of the Gbagbo ex-militia are still at large, in Ghana or Liberia, even in Abidjan, in relative secrecy.Maro amin'ny milisin'i Gbagbo no any amin'ny tsy fantatra any, any Ghana na any Liberia, mety ho ao Abidjan, toa miafina toa tsy miafina.
43The most radical have a Messianic warmongering mindset sowing a ‘rhetoric of return' of their leader.Manana lojikana tsy hihemotra mesianika ireo tena hiringiriny ary mamelona hatrany ny “kabarim-piverenan” ‘ny mpitarika azy ireo. [..]
44[…] What is more, reforms for a national army are well underway, but sometimes hide growing numbers of soldiers who have come from the pro-Ouattara rebellion, to the detriment of an ordered and therefore more just hierarchy.Ankoatra izay, an-dalana ny fanitsian-drafitry ny tafi-pirenena, saingy matetika izany no manafina ny fanomezam-bahana ny fahefana eo am-pelatanan'ireo mpitarika avy amin'ny fiokoana mpanohana an'i Ouattara, ka voa mafy ny rafitra ara-dalàna sy ara-drariny kokoa.
45In Guinea, the military coup of December 2008 led Captain Moussa Dadis Camara to power.Tany Ginea, ny fanonganam-panjakana tamin'ny desambra 2008 no nametraka teo amin'ny fitondrana ny kapiteny Moussa Dadis Camara.
46His regime came to an end during the country's first ever democratic elections in 2010, but not before a bloody suppression in 2009 which killed more than 1,000 during an anti-junta demonstration. Internal divisions within the army are still palpable with regard to current tensions.Tapitra ny fitondrany taorian'ny fifidianana demokratika voalohany tao amin'ny firenena tamin'ny 2010 sangy tsy maintsy nandalo ilay famoretana nisiana ra mandriaka tamin'ny 2009 izay nahafatesana olona an'arivony nandritra ny fihetsiketsehana manohitra ny fitondra-miaramila. mbola tsapa hatrany ny fizarazaran'ny tafika raha jerena ny fihenjanana misy ankehitriny.
47In Mauritania, leading figure in the 2005 and 2008 military coups and current president Mohamed Ould Aziz was recently shot at, which led to his evacuation to France.Any Maoritania, nisy nitifitra tamin'ny basy vao haingana teo ny jeneraly nanongam-panjakana sady filoha ankehitriny Aziz izay nahatonga ny fandefasana azy hotsaboina any Frantsa.
48Rumours abound regarding the origin of these shots and measures that soldiers could take if Aziz's convalescence abroad lasts longer than predicted.Maro dia maro ny siosion-dresaka nihavian'ny tifitra sy ny fepetra mety horaisin'ny miaramila raha fotoana lavalava kokoa noho ny noheverina ny fialan-tsasatr'i Aziz any ivelany.
49The return of Pretorianism, that is, corrupt military despotism, is an unmentionable fact in many African countries.Tranga tsy iadian-kevitra intsony ny fiverenan'ny pretorianisma [anjara toerana lehibe ananan'ny miaramila eo amin'ny fananganana governemanta] any amin'ny firenena Afrikana maro.
50As Juvenal Ramasy stated, demilitarisation of politics coupled with depolitisation and professionalism of the army must take place urgently in these countries where democracy is still fragile.Araka ny nohamafisin'i Juvence Ramasy, taratra fa vaindohan-draharaha ny fisintahan'ny miaramila eo amin'ny sehatra politika ary terena ny hahamatihanina ny tafika any amin'ny firenena mbola marefo ny demokrasia.