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1Why Militant Maoists Are Attacking Mobile Phone Towers in IndiaFa Maninona Ireo Maoista Mpikatroka Mafàna Fo No Manafika Ireo Andrim-pifandraisana Finday Ao India
2Photo courtesy of Kadir Aksoy, used with permissionSary natolotr'i Kadir Aksoy, fampiasàna nahazoana alalana
3Early in the morning on September 19, radical Maoists allegedly set fire to three telephone towers and a bus in rural Bihar, India, continuing a trend of targeting mobile towers.Maraina be tamin'ny 19 Septambra, voalaza fa nandoro andrim-pifandraisana finday niisa telo sy fiara iray fitaterana tao ambanivohitr'i Bihar ireo Maoista hiringiriny, any India, izay manohy ilay fironana manao lasibatra ireo andrim-pifandraisana finday.
4From 2008 to 2013, 245 similar attacks were recorded.Nanomboka ny 2008 ka hatramin'ny 2013, fanafihana 245 toy izany no voarakitra.
5Daily newspaper The Telegraph India reports that 20 to 25 Naxalites, as the far-left Maoist guerrillas are also called, raided Goda and Vitiya village in Bihar.Taterin'ny gazety mpivoaka isanandro, The Telegraph India, fa Naksalita (Naxalites) 20 ka hatramin'ny 25, fiantso ihany koa an'ireo Maoista mpanao ady anaty akata avy amin'ny elatra farany havia, no nanao bemidina nanafika an'i Goda sy Vitiya, tanàna ao Bihar.
6They allegedly fired shots close to a local market in response to the fact that shops had stayed open despite a 24-hour strike the day before.Voalaza fananapoaka basy teo akakikin'ny tsena tao an-toerana izy ireo ho valin'ny zava-nitranga: mbola nisokatra ihany ireo fivarotana ireo na dia nisy aza ny fitokonana 24 ora ny omalin'io.
7The strike (or bandh) was initiated after an altercation on September 13 in which three Naxalites were killed.Natao io fitokonana io taorian'ny fifandonana tamin'ny 13 Septambra izay nahafaty Naksalita telo.
8The Naxalite or Maoist insurgency, which leaves hundreds of civilians dead each year, is a complex issue dating back to the late 1960s and early 1970s.Ny fitroaran'ireo Naksalita na Maoista, izay ahafatesana olon-tsotra an-jatony isan-taona, dia olana saro-bahàna izay nanomboka tany amin'ny faran'ny taona 1960 sy ny fiandohàn'ny taona 1970.
9The Naxalite movement began in the town of Naxalbari, West Bengal, in which farmers rose up against oppressive land owners.Nanomboka tao an-tanànan'i Naxalbari ilay hetsika Naksalita, faritra andrefan'i Bengaly, izay nitsanganan'ireo mpamboly hanohitra ireo tompon-tany manao didy jadona.
10According to an analysis in newspaper DNA India, “While the Naxalite movement thrives on the original spirit of Naxalbari; the Maoist struggle is an outcome of the 1967 uprising.”Araka ny fomba fijery iray, ao amin'ny gazety “DNA India”: “Raha maka tàhaka ny fomba fisainana tsy manan-tsahalan'i Naxalbari ny hetsika Naksalita; vokatry ny hetsika tamin'ny 1967 kosa ny tolon'ny Maoista.”
11In the last 15 years, the Maoists have advocated for a mass revolution by the people.Tao anatin'izay 15 taona izay, niteny ho an'ny tombotsoan'ny fihetseham-bahoaka lehibe ireo Maoista.
12This has mainly focused on farmers, tribals and indigenous people (adivasis).Ireo mpamboly, ireo foko sy ireo vahoaka indizena (adivasis), no tena nifantohan'izany indrindra.
13The aim of the Maoists is to “seize political power through Protracted People's War (PPW) - armed insurrection,” as V.Ny tanjon'ny Maoista: “haka ny fahefana politika amin'ny alalan'ny Ady Maharitra Ela (Protracted People's War - PPW) - hetsika mitam-piadiana”, toy ny hanoritsoritan'i V.
14Balasubramaniyan describes in an article for Canadian geopolitical consultancy GeoPolitical Monitor.Balasubramaniyan azy ao amin'ny lahatsoratra iray ho an'ny mpanolokevitra ara-tantara sy jeografika Kanadiana “GeoPolitical Monitor”
15According to a Human Rights Watch report, Maoists said they are defending the rights of the poor and marginalized:Araka ny tatitra iray avy any amin'ny Human Rights Wach - Fijerena ny Zon'Olombelona, niteny ireo Maoista fa miaro ny zon'ireo mahantra sy ireo tena atao an-jorom-bàla ry zareo:
16They [Maoists] call for a revolution, demanding a radical restructuring of the social, political, and economic order.Miantso fanovàna izy ireo [Maoista], itakiana fanamboarana tanteraka ny lamina ara-tsosialy, politika ary toekarena.
17The Maoists believe the only way marginalized communities can win respect for their rights is to overthrow the existing structure by violent attacks on the state.Mino ireo Maoista fa ny hany làlan-tokana hahazoan'ireo vondrom-piarahamonina atao an-jorom-bàla fanajàna ny zony dia ny manilika ny rafitra misy amin'izao fotoana amin'ny fanafihana mahery setra atao amin'ny fanjakàna.
18The burning of mobile phone towers has been a continuous tactic for Maoists since 2008.Fomba fiady Maoista mitohy foana, nanomboka tamin'ny 2008, io fandoroana andrim-pifandraisana finday io.
19They have targeted phone towers on several occasions and in the last four years, Maoists have “blown up” over 200 mobile towers in nine states, according to D.Imbetsaka nanao lasibatra ireo andrim-pifandraisana finday hatrany izy ireo tao anatin'izay efatra taona izay, nanapoaka andrim-pifandraisana finday maherin'ny 200 tany aminà fanjakana sivy ireo Maoista, hoy i D.
20M.M.
21Mitra, a former official in the Ministry of Home Affairs and an expert on Indian left-wing extremism.Mitra, izay tomponandraikitra fahiny tao amin'ny Ministeran'ny Atitany ary manampahaizana manokana momba ny elatra havia Indianina mpandàla ny “rehefa izay dia izay” (extremists).
22Mitra writes that Maoists alleged that security forces were able to track the location of Maoists with mobile phones.Manoratra i Mitra hoe nolazain'ireo Maoista fa tamin'ny alalan'ny finday no nahafahan'ireo mpitandro filaminana nahita ny toerana misy ireo Maoista.
23In an article for Global ECCO (a network for alumni of the U.S. Defense Department's Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program, which funds anti-terrorism training for military officers from other countries) called “The Relevance of Technology in the fight against India's Maoist Insurgency,” he discusses Maoists use of mobile phones (or lack thereof) in their operational areas.Ao anatin'ny lahatsoratra ho an'ny “Global ECCO” (tambajotran'ireo voavolavola fahiny tao amin'ny Fandaharanasan'ny Departemanta Amerikana Misahana ny Fiarovam-pirenena miady amin'ny asa Fampihorohoroana, izay manohana ara-bola ny fampiofanana amin'ny fiadiana ny fampihorohoroana ho an'ireo miaramila avy amin'ny firenena hafa), antsoina hoe “Ny Tena Ilàna ny Teknolojia ao anatin'ny ady hanoherana ny Fitroaran'ny Maoista ao India”, miresaka momba ny fampiasàn'ireo Maoista (na ny tsy fisian'izany) ao anatin'ny faritra hiasan'izy ireo.
24He writes:Manoratra izy hoe:
25They may even kill people they find using mobile phones, on the suspicion that they are police informers.Mety hamono ireo olona hitany mampiasa finday mihintsy izy ireo, amin'ny fanahiany azy ireny ho mpanome vaovao ny mpitandro filaminana.
26In 2013, India introduced the Central Monitoring System (CMS), which is meant to allow authorities to access phone calls and communication for the purpose of national security.Tamin'ny taona 2013, nampiditra ny Rafitra Foibe Fanaraha-maso (CMS) i India, izay natao mba hahafahan'ireo manampahefana mihaino ireo antso an-telefaona sy fifampiresahana, noho ny resaka fandriampahaleman'ny firenena.
27The CMS offers the government a way to “lawfully” intercept calls, texts and emails; it is considered to be one way the government has responded to the 2008 Mumbai attacks, during which armed attackers left more than 150 people dead.Manome fomba “ara-dalàna” ny governemanta ho afaka hijirika ny antso an-telefaona, hafatra fohy sy mailaka ny CMS; noheverina ho fomba iray namalian'ny governemanta ireo Fanafihana an'i Mumbai tamin'ny 2008 io, izay namonoan'ireo mpanafika mitam-piadiana olona 150.
28Also last year, in a report compiled by the Indian Social Institute, a centre for socio-economic development and human rights, the government states the goal of building mobile towers in “remote and inaccessible Maoist strongholds,” with the aim to bring mobile connections to 987 villages of Jharkhand, with a total of 2,200 mobile towers by the end of the 2013.Ny taona lasa teo ihany koa, tao anatin'ny tatitry ny Ivon-toerana Ara-tsosialy Indiana, akany ho an'ny fampandrosoana ara-tsosialy sy toekarena ary ireo zo maha-olona, ambaran'ny governemanta ny tanjony hanorina andrim-pifandraisana finday any amin'ireo “toerana lavitra sy tsy afaka hidirana fehezin'ireo Maoista”, mba hitondrana fifandraisana finday ho an'ireo tanàna 987 ao Jharkhand, miaraka amin'ny andrim-pifandraisana finday 2.200 hatramin'ny faran'ny taona 2013.
29According the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (UMHA):Araka ny Union Ministry of Home Affairs - Sendikàn'ny Ministeran'ny Atitany (UMHA):
30Maoists recognize the threat that an efficient - or even minimally working - cellular network constitutes to their own security and survival, and have systematically attacked isolated mobile towers wherever possible.Tsapan'ireo Maoista ny loza mitatao ateraky ny fiasan'ny tambajotranà finday - na dia hoe kely monja aza - amin'ny fiarovan-tenany sy ny fahavelomany, ary dia tafihany tsotra izao ireo andrim-pifandraisana finday mitoka-monina , na aiza na aiza ahafahany manao izany.
31Responses and commentary within social media have been sparse, but the “Naxal Movement in India” does have a community page on Facebook and Twitter responses have included:Vitsy ireo valinteny sy ireo fanehoankevitra momba azy io ety anaty Mediam-bahoaka, saingy manana pejy iombonambe ao amin'ny Facebook ny “Hetsika Naxal ao India”, ary hoy ireo valinteny ao amin'ny Twitter:
32Fascists crack down: 180 arrested in Hyderabad for attempting to hold a meeting in support of Maoist fighters http://t.co/sDH8odJjAm #IndiaFamoretana ireo Fasista: 180 no voasambotra tany Hyderabad noho ny andrana hikarakara famoriam-bahoaka ho fanohanana ireo mpiady Maoista http://t.co/sDH8odJjAm #Inda
33- Club des Cordeliers (@cordeliers) September 22, 2014
34Other responses have referenced the violence in response to International Day of Peace on September 21.Niteny ny herisetra nasetry ny Andro Iraisam-pirenena ho an'ny Fandriampahalemana tamin'ny 21 Septambra ny valinteny sasany.
35Writer and disarmament activist Binalakshmi Nepram wrote:Nanoratra i Binalakshmi Nepram, mpanoratra sady mpikatroka mafàna fo amin'ny fanesorana ny fitaovam-piadiana, hoe:
36Lest we forget~12,253 Indians have died due to “Left Wing Extremism”/”Maoist Conflict” from 1999 till date #India #InternationalDayofPeace - Binalakshmi Nepram (@BinaNepram) September 21, 2014Tsy ho adinontsika ~ Indiana 12.253 no maty noho ny “Elatra Havia mpandàla ny ‘reefa izay dia izay' “/”Adin'ireo Maoista” nanomboka ny 1999 ka hatramin'izao fotoana izao #India #AndroIraisam-pirenenahoan'nyFandriampahalemana
37In response to the most recent torching of mobile phone towers in Bihar, police raids are being conducted with patrols in place to find the people responsible.Ho famaliana ny fandorana andrim-pifandraisana finday vao haingana tao Bihar, nanao bemidina iniaraka tamin'ireo mpisafo tany an-toerana ireo polisy mba ahitana ireo olona tompon'antoka tamin'izany.