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1 | Ukraine: 65th Anniversary of the Crimean Tatar Deportations | Okraina: faha-65 taonan'ny famindràna faobe ireo Tartares avy any Crimea |
2 | May 18 marked the 65th anniversary of Sürgün, the 1944 deportations of Crimean Tatars from their homeland in Crimea. | Ny 18 May no anamarihana ny faha 65 taonan'ny Sürgün, ny famindràn-toerana faobe tamin'ny 1944 natao an'ireo Tartares avy any Crimea hiala ny tanin'izy ireo tao Crimée. |
3 | J. | J. |
4 | Otto Pohl wrote about the history of the deportations, and here is an excerpt from his post: | Otto Pohl dia nanoratra momba ny tantàran'ireo famindràna faobe, ary indro misy ampahany avy amin'ny hafany: |
5 | On 18 May 1944, the Soviet NKVD began the systematic round up and deportation of nearly the entire Crimean Tatar population from their ancestral homeland to Uzbekistan and the Urals. | Tamin'ny 18 May 1944, ny NKVD sovietika no nanomboka ny fisamborana tsy misy fepetra sy ny famindràna toerana, saiky ny Tartares rehetra avy ao Crimée mihitsy, hiàla amin'ny tany navelan'ny razan'izy ireo ho azy tao Uzbekistan sy Urals. |
6 | Early in the morning armed troops of the NKVD started knocking on the doors of Crimean Tatar houses and informing the inhabitants that they were to be deported. | Vao nangiran-dratsy ny andro dia miaramila mirongo fiadiana avy amin'ny NKVD no efa nandondona tao am-baravaran'ny tranon'ireo Tartares avy ao Crimea sady nilaza tamin'ireo izay nonina tamin'ny trano fa hafindra toerana izy ireo. |
7 | The official explanation given for this mass uprooting of women, children, elderly, Red Army veterans and even members of the Communist Party was the false claim that the Crimean Tatar nationality had collectively betrayed the Soviet Union and collaborated with the Nazi occupiers. […] | Ny fanazavàna ara-panjakàna nomena momba ity famindràna faobe ny zaza amam-behivavy, ny beantitra, ireo miaramila tranainy tao amin'ny Armée Rouge sy mpikambana tao amin'ny Antoko Kaominista ity koa aza, dia ny filazàna diso fa hoe ireo mizàka ny zom-pirenena Tartares avy ao Crimea dia namàdika ny Firaisana Sovietika tamin'ny firaisana tsikombakomba tamin'ny mpanjanaka Nazi. […] |
8 | On the first day of the operation, the Soviet security organs took 90,000 people to train stations of which 48,400 began their journey eastward (Bugai, doc. | Tamin'ny andro voalohany nanaovana ny hetsika, ny mpitandro filaminana sovietika dia nàka olona 90,000 ho any amin'ny fiantsonan'ny fiaran-dalàmby ka ny 48.400 dia nanomboka iny andro iny tamin'ny fiondrànana hiatsinànana (Bugai, doc. |
9 | 11, p. 138). | 11, p. 138). |
10 | The following day the number of Crimean Tatars transported to rail stations increased to 165,515 of which 136,412 had been loaded onto train echelons bound for Uzbekistan (Bugai, doc. | Ny andro manaraka kosa dia tafàkatra ho 165.515 ny isan'ireo Tartares avy any Crimea notaterina ho any amin'ny fiantsonan'ny fiaran-dalàmby ka ny 136.412 dia nampakàrina tanàty fiara hitodi-doha ho any Uzbekistan (Bugai, doc. |
11 | 12, p. 138). | 12, p. 138). |
12 | Finally on 20 May 1944, the NKVD completed the operation. | Farany, ny 20 May 1944, ny NKVD dia namàrana ny hetsika. |
13 | They reported loading a total of 180,014 Crimean Tatars into 67 train echelons of which 63 with 173,287 deportees were already on their way to their new destinations (Bugai, doc. | Notaterin'izy ireo fa nahatratra 180.014 ny Tartares avy ao Crimea nampidirina tanàty fiaran-dalàmby miisa 67 ka ny 63 misy olona hafindra toerana miisa 173.287 dia efa an-dàlana ho any amin'ny toerana vaovao natao ho azy ireo (Bugai, doc. |
14 | 13, pp. 138-139). | 13, pp. 138-139). |
15 | On the same day the NKVD also reported mobilizing 11,000 Crimean Tatar men for forced labor, bringing the total number of Crimean Tatars removed from Crimea to 191,014 (Ibid.). | Ny androtr'io ihany dia nitatitra koa ny NKVD fa nanetsika lehilahy Tartares avy ao Crimea misa 11.000 hanao asa an-terivozona, nampàkatra ny isan'ireo Tartares nalàna avy ao Crimea ho 191.014 (Ibid.). |
16 | A total of 23,000 soldiers and officers of the internal troops of the NKVD and 9,000 operative workers of the NKVD-NKGB participated in this operation (Bugai, doc. | Nahatratra hatramin'ny 23,000 ny miaramila sy manamboninahitra avy amin'ny sampana anatin'ny NKVD ary 9,000 mpiasa mpanatanteraka avy amin'ny NKVD-NKGB nandray anjara tamin'ity hetsika ity (Bugai, doc. |
17 | 21, p. 144). | 21, p. 144). |
18 | The NKVD succeeded in ethnically cleansing Crimea of its indigenous population in a mere three days. […] | Vitan'ny NKVD ny nanadio an'i Crimea tsy hahitàna intsony ireo mponina indizena teo aminy tao anatin'ny telo andro monja. […] |
19 | Maria Sonevytsky of My Simferopol Home posted photos from the memorial event that took place in Simferopol on May 18 - and described the current plight and the attitudes of the Crimean Tatar who have returned to live in Ukraine: | Maria Sonevytsky avo amin'ny My Simferopol Home dia nampàkatra sary maromaro avy amin'ny fotoam-pankalazàna natao tao Simferopol tamin'ny 18 May - sady namariparitra ny fahasahirànana sy ny adin-tsain'ireo Tartares avy any Crimea niverina nody ao Okraine: |
20 | Over dinner in Simferopol with my adopted Crimean Tatar family last week, Ayder, a veteran of the Crimean Tatar human rights war against the USSR, used the term “genocide” to describe the present Ukrainian non-policy towards Crimean Tatars. | Tamin'ny faran'ny herinandro, nandritry ny sakafo antoandro tao Simferopol niarahako tamin'ny fianakaviana Tartares avy ao Crimea nandray ahy, Ayder, mpiady tranainy tamin'ny ady ho fanajàna ny zon'ireo Tartares avy ao Crimea nifanandrinany tamin'ny URSS, dia nampiasa ny teny hoe “genocide” [famongorana] hamaritàna ny tsy fisian'ny tetikasan'i Ukraine ankehitriny, mitodika amin'ireo Tartare avy ao Crimea ireo. |
21 | He cited the attacks by militia groups on Crimean Tatar businesses and homes over the last twenty years, the inadequate implementation of protections for the indigenous people and the minority population, the alarmist attitude towards their Muslim minority group, framed without cause for extremism and denied land permits to build a new sobornaya mechet', and so on. | Tanisainy ny fanafihana ataonà milisy amin'ireo trano fonenana sy Trano fandraharahàna tantànin'ny Tartare avy any Crimea nitranga tato anatin'ny 20 taona farany, ny fandrigànan'y fepetra fiarovana ireo mponina indizena sy ny vitsy an'isa, ny fijery mitongilana atao ireo vondrona silamo vitsy an'isa, tondroina tsy amin'antony ho mpampihorohoro ary tsy omena alàlana hahazoany manàngana trano fivavàhana [sobornaya mechet] iray vaovao, sy ny sisa sy ny sisa. |
22 | In my cautious academic way, I suggested that genocide was perhaps too strong a term: as careless and irresponsible as the Ukrainian government has been towards the Crimean Tatars, an indigenous people of Crimea, genocide implies a systematic, violent destruction of an entire ethnic group. | Amim-pitandremana noho ny maha nahita fianarana ahy, napetrako hoe mahery loatra angamba ny fampiasàna ny teny ‘famongorana' [genocide] : ary raha naneho tsy firaharahàna sy tsy fandraisana andraikitra manoloana ireo Tartares avy ao Crimea, ny mponina indizena avy any Crimea ny governemanta Okrainiana, ny ‘famongorana' [genocide] dia mitarika ho azy fotsiny izao aminà herisetra fandravàna sy fanafoànana tanteraka sy manontolo vondrona foko iray. |
23 | It is more sinister than the bumbling indifference of the Ukrainian state. | Fihetsika izay mampalahelo lavitra noho ny tsy firaharahàna mibaribary ataon'ny fitondrana ao Okraina . |
24 | No, he asserted: “we are uncomprehending witnesses to a subtler form of genocide. | Tsia, hoy izy nanamafy: “Vavolombelona tsy afa-manoatra amin'ny endrika famongorana manorisory isika. |
25 | The Crimean Tatars are being choked out of existence.” […] | Atao kenda roroka ireo Tartares avy any Crimea.” […] |
26 | Here is what Maria writes about the changes that must occur for the situation to improve: | Indro kosa izay nosoritan'i Maria fa fanovàna tsy maintsy atao mba hanatsaràna ny raharaha: |
27 | […] A multi-ethnic Ukraine must exist, and its ideal should not be for stalemate, a platitudinous tolerance; Ukraine must seek a deep acceptance and respect for its diverse minority and indigenous groups. | […] Tsy maintsy misy foko maro aloha i Okraina, ary tsy firenena ahitàna sarintsarim-pandeferana tsy mitondra mankaiza [tsy misy tanjona tratrarina]; Tsy maintsy miezaka i Okraina hankato sy hanàja ireo vondrona vitsy an'isa sy indizena ao aminy. |
28 | A propos to the Crimean Tatar situation, the Ukrainian government should finally approve a law to grant the indigenous people of the Crimean peninsula rights and protections as a threatened, indigenous people of their ancestral homeland: land rights, education in the native language, an end to religious discrimination, and ultimately, a right to self-determination within the territory of Ukraine. | Momba ny raharaha Tartares avy ao Crimea, farany dia tokony hamoaka lalàna manome zo sy fiarovana ireo mponina indizena avy ao Crimea ny governemanta Okrainiana , fiarovana eo amin'ny taniny, fampianàrana amin'ny tenin-dreniny, fandravàna izay endri-panavàhana ara-pinoana ary indrindra indrindra, ny zony hizakatena [handray an-tànana ny momba azy rehetra] manerana an'i Okraina. |
29 | We can learn from a [Hutsul] musician who I spoke to a few weeks ago, during the Easter holidays. | Isika dia afaka màka anatra avy amin'izay nolazain'ny [Hutsul] mpitendry zava-maneno iray izay tafaresaka tamiko herinandro vitsy lasa izay, nandritry ny fialan-tsasatry ny Paska. |
30 | We sat in his ancient Volga as he played me old cassette tapes and told me his deportation story. | Nipetraka teo amin'ilay Volga tranaininy izahay nihaino horonam-peo rakitry ny ela ary nitantara tamiko ny tantàran'ny famindràna toerana azy izy. |
31 | His family had been deported to Siberia during the war and not allowed to resettle in the [Ivano-Frankivsk] oblast until the 1970s. | Nafindra ho any Siberia ny fianakaviany nandritry ny ady ary tsy navela niverina tao amin'ny faritr'i [Ivano-Frankivsk] hatramin'ny taona 1970. |
32 | Reading about the Crimean Tatar non-violent resistance of the 20th century, their fierce support of the Orange revolution in 2004, and their annual celebration of Taras Shevchenko's birthday, he asked me for a recording of a Crimean Tatar violinist from whom he could learn some traditional melodies. | Teo am-pamakiana ny momba ny hetsi-panoherana am-pilaminana nataon'ny Tartares avy ao Crimea tamin'ny taonjato faha-20, ny fanohànana mafana vay nentin'izy ireo tamin'ny Hetsika Volomboasary [Orange revolution] tamin'ny 2004, ary ny fankalazàn'izy ireo isan-taona ny andro nahaterahan'i Taras Shevchenko, nangàtaka tamiko izy mba homena horonam-peo misy Tartare avy any Crimea mpitendry lokanga hahafàhany mianatra ireo gadona tranainy. |
33 | I asked him why, and he said, “to show my respect, as they've been showing it to us.” | Nanontany azy ny antony aho, ary hoy izy, “hanehoako ny fanajàko, toy izay nanehoan-dry zareo azy tamintsika.” |
34 | In place of fear, respect. | Ho solon'ny tahotra, ny fanajàna. |
35 | In place of dim hostility, a desire to understand. | Ho solon'ny fankahalàna, ny hetaheta hahafantatra sy hahalàla zavatra. |
36 | In place of ignorance, education. […] | Ho solon'ny tsy fahalalàna, ny fanabeazana. […] |